CN103361557A - High-toughness spring steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-toughness spring steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-toughness spring steel and a preparation method thereof. The spring steel comprises the following alloy components by weight percent: 0.27-0.32% of C, less than or equal to 0.30% of Si, 0.80-1.20% of Mn, 0.30-0.50% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.25% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.30% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.035% of S, less than or equal to 0.035% of P, the balance of Fe, and inevitable impurities, and the alloy component of the spring steel also comprises B being less than or equal to 0.0035%. The preparation method comprises the following steps of a. collecting, screening and sorting waste steel; b. proportioning materials and feeding the materials into a furnace according to component requirement of the primary refining of the type of the steel; c. smelting in an intermediate frequency furnace; d. melting down, slagging off and sampling; e. alloying through partial deoxygenation in the intermediate frequency furnace; f. slag-free tapping; g. deoxidizing in a ladle, and manufacturing ladle refining slag; h. refining in a finery; i. staying the ladle and soft blowing; j. pouring molten steel under the full protection of a conticaster; k. collecting the finished product; l. pile cooling, and slowly cooling for 24 hours; and m. coating color codes of the type of the steel. The high-toughness spring steel has better toughness and hardenability, the lower limit carbon content is improved to 0.27% so that the hardenability of the steel is guaranteed, and the property of a leaf spring is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of novel material of industrial steel, specifically a kind of high-strong toughness spring steel and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Since the eighties in last century, low-carbon martensitic steels 28MnSiB came out, the purposes of low-carbon martensitic steels was more and more wider.High-intensity fine rolling Deformed Steel Bars of leaf spring industry, colter industry, chain industry, building trade etc. is all using low-carbon martensitic steels now.
The development of low-carbon martensitic steels is in the ascendant in China.But the grade of steel of low-carbon martensitic steels very little, and the selectable scope of applying unit is very little.28MnSiB has included GB/T1222 (2007 spring steel national standard) in 2007.But in actual applications, 28mMnSiB still can not well satisfy the performance requriements of spring steel.At first, the lower limit carbon content of 28mMnSiB is 0.23%, and carbon content is too low, and hardenability is low, can not satisfy the performance requriements of plate spring.Band steel thickness reaches the through hardening of 30mm energy during the 28MnSiB shrend, but its thickness of plate spring is below 13mm in a large number, and the adding of boron has just caused the wasting of resources.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide a kind of economy, novel high-strength toughness spring steel and manufacture method thereof.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
The high-strong toughness spring steel, each alloying constituent and the weight percentage of described spring steel are: C:0.27～0.32%; Si≤0.30%; Mn:0.80～1.20%; Cr:0.30～0.50%; Ni≤0.25%; Cu≤0.30%; S≤0.035%; P≤0.035%; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
Further improvement of the present invention is: also comprise B≤0.0035% in the alloying constituent of described spring steel.
The manufacture method of high-strong toughness spring steel may further comprise the steps:
A. steel scrap is collected, screens, is classified,
Selecting carbon constructional quality steel processing returns as the raw material of steel scrap, is that standard is classified by the content of C element;
B. just be smelt a part requirement batching shove charge according to steel grade,
The content of harmful element P, S is all less than 0.03% in the control steel scrap during apolegamy material, and other harmful residual element are controlled within the standard; Take to make the end slag covering process during just refining; Fire door negative pressure bell-type equipment is adopted in dedusting;
C. intermediate frequency furnace is smelted,
D. the molten sampling of skimming clearly,
E. part deoxidation alloying in the intermediate frequency furnace,
Carry out Si, Mn, Cr deoxidation and alloying before the intermediate frequency furnace tapping in stove, add first ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, add at last ferrochrome, the control molten steel composition is: C:0.22～0.25%; Si:0.12～0.2%; Mn:0.8～0.9%; Cr:0.3～0.45%;
F. slag free tapping,
In intermediate frequency furnace, be in harmonious proportion with the agent of skimming before the tapping, when tap to the 5 ton left and right sides, begin to add successively Si-Al-Ca-Ba, steel-core-aluminium, pre-molten refining slag, lime, requirement must be added on the steel stream, and guarantee that reaching at 2/3 o'clock in tap all adds, argon bottom-blowing will be opened before tapping, guarantees that argon gas is unobstructed and does not blow break face before having gone out steel, refining;
G. deoxidation and make ladle refining slag in the ladle,
H. refining furnace refining,
Ladle switches the argon gas pipeline to the control of refining operation platform after entering the refining position, with the electric arc slag, makes white slag according to changing slag condition adding silicon carbide, carbide of calcium, pro-molten refining slag and lime; When refining, keep white slag more than 30 minutes;
I. soft blow to be wrapped,
J. continuous caster full guard pouring molten steel,
Water greatly water-coating port and adopt the cast of argon big envelope protection of pipe, middle casting ladle adopts aluminium carbon long nozzle protection cast; Stopper adopts the automatic liquid surface control cast, and crystallizer liquid steel level floating control is in ± 2mm; Crystallizer adopts built-in electromagnetic to stir, and the spray washing cooling is adopted in the secondary cooling, and water distribution quantity is pressed steel grade design automatic distribution water;
K. finished product is collected,
L. cooling in heap, slow cooling are 24 hours,
M. be coated with the steel grade colour code.
Further improvement of the present invention is: described step h also comprises: 4～5 minutes adding ferro-borons before refining later stage, hello silicon-calcium wire.
Further improvement of the present invention is: among the described step f, when tap to 5 ton hours, the substances content that adds is followed successively by Si-Al-Ca-Ba: 1 kg/tonne, steel-core-aluminium: 0.5 kg/tonne, pre-molten refining slag: 2 kg/tonnes, lime: 4～6 kg/tonnes.
Because the technical progress of having adopted technique scheme, the present invention to obtain is:
The spring steel of the present invention's design has better obdurability and hardening capacity; Improve the hardenability that lower limit carbon content to 0.27% has guaranteed steel, therefore guaranteed the performance of leaf spring spring; Design the needs that two grade of steel: 30MnCr and 30MnCrB are fit to the different thickness plate spring, saving resource.New steel grade 30MnCr and 30MnCrB have reached the requirement of our anticipation.And this steel grade shrend, save 80 yuan/tons of quenching oil leaf spring 6-7Kg nuclear approximately per ton Renminbi, this material HARDNESS OF HOT-ROLLED low (about HB200) is saved die cost, tempering temperature can be saved the energy than low about 150 ℃ of 60Si2Mn, and the production cost of COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING leaf spring per ton can reduce about 100 yuan.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the Decarburized layer metallographic structure figure of 30MnCrB;
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure figure of 30MnCrB hot-rolled state;
Fig. 3 is the Jominy curve of 30MnCrB;
Fig. 4 is the metallograph of the edge tissues after the experiment of 30MnCrB end quenching;
Fig. 5 is the metallograph of the core structure after the experiment of 30MnCrB end quenching;
Fig. 6 is the tempering curve of 30MnCrB;
The metallograph that Fig. 7 is 30MnCrB after 880 ℃ of shrends, 340 ℃ of tempering.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further details:
Embodiment 1
A kind of high-strong toughness spring steel, its each alloying constituent and weight percentage are: C:0.27%; Si:0.30%; Mn:0.80%; Cr:0.30%; Ni:0.25%; Cu:0.30%; S:0.035%; P:0.035%; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; The grade of steel of this spring steel is 30MnCr, and its manufacture method comprises:
A. steel scrap is collected, screens, is classified,
Selecting carbon constructional quality steel processing returns as the raw material of steel scrap, is that standard is classified by the content of C element;
B. just be smelt a part requirement batching shove charge according to steel grade,
The content of harmful element P, S is all less than 0.03% in the control steel scrap during apolegamy material, and other harmful residual element are controlled within the standard; Take to make the end slag covering process during just refining; Fire door negative pressure bell-type equipment is adopted in dedusting;
C. intermediate frequency furnace is smelted,
D. the molten sampling of skimming clearly,
E. part deoxidation alloying in the intermediate frequency furnace,
Carry out Si, Mn, Cr deoxidation and alloying before the intermediate frequency furnace tapping in stove, add first ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, add at last ferrochrome, the control molten steel composition is: C:0.22～0.25%; Si:0.12～0.2%; Mn:0.8～0.9%; Cr:0.3～0.45%;
F. slag free tapping,
Before the tapping in intermediate frequency furnace with skimming agent mediation, when tap to the 5 ton left and right sides, begin to add successively Si-Al-Ca-Ba: 1 kg/tonne, steel-core-aluminium: 0.5 kg/tonne, pre-molten refining slag: 2 kg/tonnes, lime: 4～6 kg/tonnes.Require: must be added on the steel stream, and guarantee that reaching at 2/3 o'clock in tap all adds, argon bottom-blowing will be opened before tapping, guarantees that argon gas is unobstructed and does not blow break face before having gone out steel, refining;
G. deoxidation and make ladle refining slag in the ladle,
H. refining furnace refining,
Ladle switches the argon gas pipeline to the control of refining operation platform after entering the refining position, with the electric arc slag, makes white slag according to changing slag condition adding silicon carbide, carbide of calcium, pro-molten refining slag and lime; When refining, keep white slag more than 30 minutes;
I. soft blow to be wrapped is 10 minutes,
J. continuous caster full guard pouring molten steel,
Water greatly water-coating port and adopt the cast of argon big envelope protection of pipe, middle casting ladle adopts aluminium carbon long nozzle protection cast; Stopper adopts the automatic liquid surface control cast, and crystallizer liquid steel level floating control is in ± 2mm; Crystallizer adopts built-in electromagnetic to stir, and the spray washing cooling is adopted in the secondary cooling, and water distribution quantity is pressed steel grade design automatic distribution water;
K. finished product is collected,
L. cooling in heap, slow cooling are 24 hours,
M. be coated with the steel grade colour code.
Refining ladle of the present invention adopts that magnesia carbon brick is thorough to be built, install the Argon gas permeable brick, adopt the baking of vertical coal gas roaster and install insulation cover additional at the bag end, middle bag adopts that magnesia coating is thorough to be built, slag blocking wall in the middle of installing, adopt automatic liquid level control stopper system, middle bag three-major-items all adopt the anti-material of aluminium carbon, and the auxiliary materials such as alloy and lime use more than 12 hours with hopper baking, in wrap in continuous casting platform and toast on the spot.For preventing that trace harmful elements exceeds standard in the steel scrap, chemical analysis instrument adopts this gram spectrograph (30 passages are once analyzed 30 kinds of chemical elements simultaneously) of Germany, can effectively control molten steel qualified.
Embodiment 2
A kind of high-strong toughness spring steel, its each alloying constituent and weight percentage are: C:0.32%; Si:0.20%; Mn:1.20%; Cr:0.50%; Ni:0.20%; Cu:0.:10%; S:0.015%; P:0.03:0%; B:0.0030%; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity; The grade of steel of this spring steel is 30MnCrB, and its manufacture method and embodiment difference be, described step h also comprises: added ferro-boron in 4～5 minutes in the refining later stage, before feeding silicon-calcium wire.
To the analysis that makes a service test of 30MnCr B among the 30MnCr in above-described embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2:
One, the requirement of the mechanical property after the thermal treatment is:
Yield strength 〉=1180MPa, tensile strength 〉=1280MPa, elongation 〉=5%, relative reduction in area 〉=25%.
Two, hardening capacity requires the hardness at 9mm place to be not less than:
30MnCrB is HRC 〉=40.
30MnCr is HRC 〉=30.(13mm is following all can through hardening.)
Three, other technical requirements meets the requirement of GB/T1222-2007 spring steel.
Four, made leaf spring reaches the technical requirements of GB/T19844-2005.
Five, other experimental datas.
1, the Decarburized layer metallographic structure figure of 30MnCrB sees Fig. 1 among the embodiment 2, and the metallographic structure figure of hot-rolled state sees Fig. 2.
2, hardening capacity experiment.Get 30MnCrB, survey section hardness after 880 ℃ of shrends of 20mm*90mm*200mm sample, center and limit section all reach HRC50, and metallographic structure is fully through hardening of lath martensite explanation.
The end quenching experiment: 30MnCrB, the hardness at 9mm place is HRC42.30MnCr, 9mm place hardness is HRC32.See the Jominy curve data of Fig. 3, wherein " 2 " represent 30MnCrB, and " 3 " represent 30MnCr (containing Cr is 0.7%), and " 9 " represent 30MnCr (containing Cr is 0.5%), and Cr is that the selection of 0.7% material is for reference only used.The metallograph of the edge tissues after the 30MnCrB end quenching experiment of Fig. 4, the metallograph of the core structure after the 30MnCrB end quenching experiment of Fig. 5.
3, the tempering curve of 30MnCrB, as shown in Figure 6.
By tempering curve as can be known the optimum tempering temperature of 30MnCrB be 340 ℃～360 ℃.And its Low-Temperature Temper Brittleness district is about 300 ℃.
4, the metallograph after 880 ℃ of shrends of metallographic structure: 30MnCrB, the 340 ℃ of tempering is typical lath martensite as shown in Figure 7.
5, stagnation point, Young's modulus.
The stagnation point that records 30MnCrB through National Laboratory of University of Science ﹠ Technology, Beijing is as follows:
Ac1：735℃。Ac3：850℃。Ar1：640℃。Ar3：740℃。Ms：360℃。Mf：200℃。
Young's modulus E:21400Kg/mm
2(880 ℃ of shrend-340 ℃ tempering)
6, the summary of leaf spring factory is seen in the plate spring assembly experiment.
30MnCr, 30MnCrB are rolling
Production unit is 3.6M*33M continous way gas-fired furnace.
The tandem rolling unit, roughing:
In roll:
Finish rolling:
Cooling conveyor rack: 12m*90m
1502 billet heating temperature are 1180 ℃, approximately 850 ℃ of finishing temperatures.Pass is flat erection system.
The 30MnCr finished product is the 13mm*90mm band steel, totally 15 passages, and compression ratio is 19.2.
The 30MnCrB finished product is the 20mm*90mm band steel.Totally 15 passages, compression ratio is 12.5.
Hardness is that Decarburized layer is below 0.2mm about HB200 after the hot rolling.
Accompanying drawing is seen in finished product metallographic structure and Decarburized layer metallographic structure.
Tolerance of dimension, surface quality, lateral bendings etc. all meet the GB/T1222-2007 requirement.
This steel grade steel rolling process is identical with 60Si2Mn, but carbon content is low, and resistance to deformation is little, and equipment breakdown is few, and HARDNESS OF HOT-ROLLED is low, and decarburizing tendency is little.Production cost can not be higher than 60Si2Mn.
According to the hardening capacity of material, selected two vehicles, wherein QJZY-10CH is 10 compositions of 13mm*90mm material, adopts 30MnCr.HY-9 is 9 compositions of 20mm*90mm material, adopts 30MnCrB.The concrete data of two vehicles see the following form.
Vehicle: QJZY-10CH,
Material 30MnCr, specification: 13mm*90mm
Effect is long: 970mm, and spring block is long: 150mm, free camber: 85 ± 5mm, load camber: 47 ± 8mm, static load: 57.5KN, precompressed load: 115KN, free rigidity: 1.49KN/mm ± 6%, hardness: HB375～HB444, other technical requirements is by the requirement of GB/T19844-2005.
Vehicle: HY-9,
Material: 30MnCrB, specification: 20mm*90mm
Effect is long: 970mm, and spring block is long: 150mm, free camber: 85 ± 5mm, load camber: 47 ± 8mm, static load: 120KN, precompressed load: 240KN, free rigidity: 4.8KN/mm ± 6%, hardness: HB375～HB444, other technical requirements is by the requirement of GB/T19844-2005.
The technological process that leaf spring is produced is as follows:
1. blanking, straightening, punching etc.
By processing requirement with 120 tons of crocodile shears, 150 tons of equipment such as punch press carry out.
3. heat treatment step according to the tempering curve of this steel grade, determines that quenching temperature is 880 ℃ of shrends, 340 ℃ of tempering one hour.
4. the later hardness of tempering is:
QJZY-10CH：HB383～HB415，HY-9：HB375～HB415
5. leaf spring carries out free shot peening, shot-peening COEFFICIENT K=0.0055.
6. be assembled on request assembly.
Embodiment 3～embodiment 6
The manufacture method of the following example 3 and the spring steel of embodiment 4 is identical with embodiment 1, and the manufacture method of embodiment 5 and the spring steel of embodiment 6 is identical with embodiment 2.To embodiment 3～embodiment 6 carry out the basic performance tests analysis, rolling, spring is made, find the result with to the analysis classes of embodiment 1 and 2 seemingly, have identical performance, satisfy the performance requriements of spring steel.
| Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | Embodiment 5 | Embodiment 6 | |
| C(wt％) | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.29 |
| Si(wt％) | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.28 |
| Mn(wt％) | 0.90 | 0.83 | 0.97 | 1.06 |
| Cr(wt％) | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.39 | 0.47 |
| Ni(wt％) | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.18 | 0.08 |
| Cu(wt％) | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| S(wt％) | 0.008 | 0.028 | 0.034 | 0.017 |
| P(wt％) | 0.025 | 0.017 | 0.009 | 0.034 |
| B(wt％) | 0.0035 | 0.0020 |
Claims (5)
1. high-strong toughness spring steel, it is characterized in that: each alloying constituent and the weight percentage of described spring steel are: C:0.27～0.32%; Si≤0.30%; Mn:0.80～1.20%; Cr:0.30～0.50%; Ni≤0.25%; Cu≤0.30%; S≤0.035%; P≤0.035%; All the other are Fe and inevitable impurity.
2. high-strong toughness spring steel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise B≤0.0035% in the alloying constituent of described spring steel.
3. the manufacture method of high-strong toughness spring steel claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A. steel scrap is collected, screens, is classified,
Selecting carbon constructional quality steel processing returns as the raw material of steel scrap, is that standard is classified by the content of C element;
B. just be smelt a part requirement batching shove charge according to steel grade,
The content of harmful element P, S is all less than 0.03% in the control steel scrap during apolegamy material, and other harmful residual element are controlled within the standard; Take to make the end slag covering process during just refining; Fire door negative pressure bell-type equipment is adopted in dedusting;
C. intermediate frequency furnace is smelted,
D. the molten sampling of skimming clearly,
E. part deoxidation alloying in the intermediate frequency furnace,
Carry out Si, Mn, Cr deoxidation and alloying before the intermediate frequency furnace tapping in stove, add first ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, add at last ferrochrome, the control molten steel composition is: C:0.22～0.25%; Si:0.12～0.2%; Mn:0.8～0.9%; Cr:0.3～0.45%;
F. slag free tapping,
In intermediate frequency furnace, be in harmonious proportion with the agent of skimming before the tapping, when tap to the 5 ton left and right sides, begin to add successively Si-Al-Ca-Ba, steel-core-aluminium, pre-molten refining slag, lime, requirement must be added on the steel stream, and guarantee that reaching at 2/3 o'clock in tap all adds, argon bottom-blowing will be opened before tapping, guarantees that argon gas is unobstructed and does not blow break face before having gone out steel, refining;
G. deoxidation and make ladle refining slag in the ladle,
H. refining furnace refining,
Ladle switches the argon gas pipeline to the control of refining operation platform after entering the refining position, with the electric arc slag, makes white slag according to changing slag condition adding silicon carbide, carbide of calcium, pro-molten refining slag and lime; When refining, keep white slag more than 30 minutes;
I. soft blow to be wrapped,
J. continuous caster full guard pouring molten steel,
Water greatly water-coating port and adopt the cast of argon big envelope protection of pipe, middle casting ladle adopts aluminium carbon long nozzle protection cast; Stopper adopts the automatic liquid surface control cast, and crystallizer liquid steel level floating control is in ± 2mm; Crystallizer adopts built-in electromagnetic to stir, and the spray washing cooling is adopted in the secondary cooling, and water distribution quantity is pressed steel grade design automatic distribution water;
K. finished product is collected,
L. cooling in heap, slow cooling are 24 hours,
M. be coated with the steel grade colour code.
4. the manufacture method of high-strong toughness spring steel according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step h also comprises: added ferro-boron in 4～5 minutes in the refining later stage, before feeding silicon-calcium wire.
5. according to claim 3 or the manufacture method of 4 described high-strong toughness spring steel, it is characterized in that: among the described step f, when tap to 5 ton hours, the substances content that adds is followed successively by Si-Al-Ca-Ba: 1 kg/tonne, steel-core-aluminium: 0.5 kg/tonne, pre-molten refining slag: 2 kg/tonnes, lime: 4～6 kg/tonnes.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104894326A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | Novel iron alloy baking system and process based on steel refining furnace |
| CN106232849A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2016-12-14 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Spring steel and manufacture method thereof |
| CN107002794A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-08-01 | 瀚瑞森商用车辆系统欧洲有限公司 | Spring for vehicle |
| CN107747060A (en) * | 2017-11-12 | 2018-03-02 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | The production method of high intensity high fatigue life spring steel |
| CN108974185A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-11 | 长久（滁州）专用汽车有限公司 | A kind of sedan-chair fortune sweep spring suspension matching method |
| CN109881080A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of middle carbon spring-like hot-rolled coil and its manufacturing method |
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| CN102162068A (en) * | 2010-02-21 | 2011-08-24 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Spring steel and manufacturing and thermal treatment method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106232849A (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2016-12-14 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | Spring steel and manufacture method thereof |
| CN107002794A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2017-08-01 | 瀚瑞森商用车辆系统欧洲有限公司 | Spring for vehicle |
| CN104894326A (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2015-09-09 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | Novel iron alloy baking system and process based on steel refining furnace |
| CN107747060A (en) * | 2017-11-12 | 2018-03-02 | 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 | The production method of high intensity high fatigue life spring steel |
| CN108974185A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-12-11 | 长久（滁州）专用汽车有限公司 | A kind of sedan-chair fortune sweep spring suspension matching method |
| CN108974185B (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2021-01-26 | 长久（滁州）专用汽车有限公司 | Suspension matching method for car transportation vehicle leaf spring |
| CN109881080A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | A kind of middle carbon spring-like hot-rolled coil and its manufacturing method |
| CN116121626A (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-05-16 | 无锡普天铁心股份有限公司 | Oriented silicon steel waste recycling method and recycling equipment |
| CN116121626B (en) * | 2022-11-18 | 2023-09-08 | 无锡普天铁心股份有限公司 | Oriented silicon steel waste recycling method and recycling equipment |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |