CN102160498A

CN102160498A - Improvement of automatic transplantation for implant bed covered by plastic

Info

Publication number: CN102160498A
Application number: CN2011100394368A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杰弗瑞·艾伦·威廉姆斯
Original assignee: WILLIAMES Pty Ltd
Current assignee: WILLIAMES Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2010-02-11
Filing date: 2011-02-10
Publication date: 2011-08-24

Abstract

The invention provides an equipment for implanting plants into an implant bed covered by plastic sheets, which comprises at least one frame assembly (5) formed by a plurality of wheels (6, 7, 40, 41); and at least one plantation assembly (1, 2) arranged on the frame assembly. The at least one plantation assembly comprises one or more planting devices (3, 4). The planting devices (3, 4) move vertically with respect to the wheels when the wheels move in the track at the side surface of an implant bed. The planting device comprises a plant holding device (94, 95) and a puncture member (87) for puncturing the plastic sheets. Plants are arranged at a predetermined depth of the implant bed by at least one planting device after the plastic sheets are punctured by the puncture member (87).

Description

About the improvement of transplanting automatically to the plant bed that covers by plastics

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used for plant and seedling transplantation equipment, especially but not only relate to plant and seedling transplantation in the plant bed that is coated with the plastic sheet material to plant bed.

Background technology

Along with about water saving with effectively utilize the international pressure of water growing, for agricultural, must abandon flood irrigation and sprinkling irrigation, so that evaporation of water and the minimization of loss that is directly absorbed by crops not.This has caused the development of irrigate band, and the irrigate band is at every plant place and in check infiltration is provided on every side, evaporates and prevent to fight for the growth of the weeds of nutrition and moisture with control.The plastic film or the plastic sheet that use the upper surface that covers the soil have extensively been adopted in the world.For make the rice shoot survival rate and and crop yield maximization, have been found that to be to form in the plastics after the hole and to place after the rice shoot, company's root soil (cave dish) of plant or rice shoot correctly is placed in the accurate degree of depth from frosting, makes cane be in vertical attitude and be not vital with the edge interference of plastics.Have been found that for each and all rice shoots company's root soil of rice shoot (cave dish) should remain a unit with not damaging and accurately be placed on optimum depth place below the frosting.Preferred depth for some rice shoots for---especially tomato---requires only a spot of stem stalk and most of leaf on the ground.The top that this means cave dish must be positioned at the correct distance place below the frosting.If this is not implemented, and if a large amount of axis reaches above the plastics and if it is not placed to vertical attitude, then following thing may take place:

A) axis will tilt and engage the side in the hole in the plastics at a certain angle, this causes the damage to the epidermis of axis or surface, if and plastics are not subjected to suitable constraint, the motion of then any wind or plastics all may abrade the edge of stem, causes rice shoot death.

B) tomato growth often is being in hot, the rugged environment, and if plantation at a certain angle, may be heated and cause damage, and the severity of the periods of direct sunlight on the stem will cause sunburn, cause major injury or total loss.

Traditionally, rice shoot is by manually passing plastics and be transplanted in the soil or by using semiautomatic machine to transplant, and has only under the situation that a plurality of plant beds relative to each other accurately form, and semiautomatic machine could works fine.Should be appreciated that the formation of a plurality of plant beds and various types of soil and soil condition can change along between plant bed and the plant bed.

Summary of the invention

Therefore, expectation provides a kind of for each and all rice shoots, accurately control rice shoot with respect to the planting depth of the plant bed that is covered by plastics and the device of position.

According to an aspect of the present invention, be provided for plant transplanting is coated with equipment in the plant bed of plastic sheet material at least one, comprise:

Be installed at least one frame assembly on the frame assembly;

At least one plants assembly, and this at least one plantation assembly comprises one or more planters, and these one or more planters are arranged to move vertically with respect to wheel when the track of plant bed side moves at wheel;

Described planter or each planter comprise the plant holding device and are used to pierce through the puncture member of plastic sheet material, wherein, at least one planter is arranged to be punctured member at the plastic sheet material and plant is being placed on after piercing through desired depth place in the plant bed that is covered by plastics.

Puncture member preferably includes the blade-like extension of plant holding device.

Preferably, be provided with adjusting device, be used to regulate at least one frame assembly with respect to the planting depth of the vertical position of taking turns with the adjusting planter.

In particularly preferred embodiments, equipment also comprises the tool frame that is used to attach to the prime mover such as tractor, and wherein, at least one frame assembly and/or a plurality of the wheel can be moved vertically with respect to tool frame.Can imagine, though equipment itself can comprise prime mover, but more preferably, equipment is intended to offer the prime mover with themselves as independent utensil---for example for having the tractor that is used for tool frame is positioned at connecting rod on the hydraulic variable of required vertical position---the consumer.

According to another aspect of the present invention, be provided for the equipment of plant transplanting in the plant bed is comprised:

By a plurality of at least one frame assembly of taking turns support;

Be installed at least one the plantation assembly on the frame assembly, at least one frame assembly comprises one or more planters, described one or more planters be arranged to respect to wheel move vertically so that plant is placed in the plant bed;

Be used to attach to the tool frame of the prime mover such as tractor, wherein, tool frame is connected at least one frame assembly and support wheel by making frame assembly and support wheel can be independent of the device that prime mover moves freely on vertical direction roughly.

Can be by tool frame be connected in described at least one frame assembly and support wheel and the free vertical motion that is independent of prime mover of implementation framework assembly and support wheel via the roller case rack device that roughly vertically extends.The roller case rack device can comprise the first roller framework that is connected in tool frame, be connected in the second roller framework and a plurality of roller bearings between the first roller framework and the second roller framework of at least one frame assembly, make the second roller framework roughly freely moving with respect to the first roller framework on the vertical direction.

Between framing component that is connected in the second roller framework and described frame assembly, can be provided with and be provided with adjusting device, be used to regulate the vertical position of at least one frame assembly with respect to support wheel.

Adjusting device can comprise any adjuster easily mechanism, as the mechanically actuated adjuster, and hydraulic pressure or pneumatic operation adjuster or electronics or Electromagnetically-operating adjuster.In one embodiment, adjusting device comprises the sleeve nut.

Described plantation assembly or each plantation assembly preferably include a plurality of planters.Described planter or each planter can preferably be installed on the rotatable member such as disk as follows, make the roughly vertical direction that keeps planter at rotatable member when disk rotates in other words.

Preferably, the vertical motion of described planter or each planter is by at least one rotating drive of taking turns wherein.When planter is installed on the rotatable member such as disk, transmission driver is set with the driving rotatable member between at least one axle of taking turns and the rotatable member therein, thereby causes the vertical motion that is installed in the planter on rotatable member or the disk.

This device is preferably such that when wheel moves up with respect to plant bed, though planter is around central authorities' revolution of rotatable member or disk, but planter moves on roughly vertical direction with respect to plant bed, and this helps the plastics puncture member of planter vertically to puncture the plastic sheet material and helps along roughly vertical direction plantation plant or rice shoot so that their stem can not extend with obvious angle with respect to vertical direction.

Transmission between rotatable member and the wheel shaft drives the various forms that can take such as belt drives or the driving of chain and sprocket tooth.

The plant holding device of each planter can comprise a pair of relative parts, and described relative arrangements of components becomes after the plastic sheet material is punctured by the plastics piercing member separately so that plant is discharged in the plant bed.Relatively parts separately or open and the closure subsequently of parts can be by any mechanism controls easily such as cam mechanism relatively.

Equipment preferably includes a plurality of frame assemblies that at least one plantation assembly is installed separately, and described a plurality of frame assemblies are arranged in the equipment abreast.

In particularly preferred embodiments, equipment comprises: by that support, that be positioned at equipment one side first frame assembly with foreign steamer of interior wheel; By interior wheel second frame assembly that support, that be positioned at the equipment opposite side with foreign steamer; And at least one central frame assembly, each in the described frame assembly comprises at least one plantation assembly.

According to another aspect of the present invention, be provided for the equipment of plant transplanting at least one plant bed is comprised:

By a plurality of a plurality of frame assemblies of taking turns support, each frame assembly comprises at least one plantation assembly mounted thereto,

The plantation assembly, this plantation assembly comprises at least one planter, described planter is arranged to move vertically so that plant is placed in the plant bed relative to plant bed,

Wherein, frame assembly comprises: by first frame assembly of interior wheel and foreign steamer one side that support, that be positioned at equipment; Second frame assembly by interior wheel and foreign steamer opposite side that support, that be positioned at equipment; And at least one central frame assembly.

In one embodiment, can be provided with single central frame assembly, its interior wheel by first frame assembly and second frame assembly supports.Yet, more central frame assembly also can be set, this needs more cover support wheels.

Preferably, each frame assembly is connected in the frame assembly of adjacency by the part that is articulated and connected.

Between the frame assembly be articulated and connected and frame assembly and tool frame and roller case rack device between flexibility link to allow the rotation of wheel assembly and framework to change so that four support wheels of each frame assembly can remain on precise height and independent mutually with tool frame and other plantation assembly that links with respect to each independent plant bed with the plantation element.In order to make it possible to that the plant bed of tight spacing is carried out suitable control, described assembly can be arranged to three rows' multiple, this can be supported the central frame assembly by the adjacent interior wheel on first frame assembly and second frame assembly, thereby provides along the ability of advancing than narrow gauge track between the plant bed and keep pin-point accuracy with respect to the surface of central plant bed simultaneously.For the transplanting of tight spacing that some is provided, each assembly is provided preferably with two rotating group with four plantation members, and it relative to each other is in step with holding position accuracy and accurate vertically control.This unique feature realizes in the following manner: plant assembly for first kind and plant assembly with this third by two in wheel and the shaft assembly directly drivings, and central authorities plantations assembly outputs power to central component and is driven by plant near the assembly hind axle assembly from the third, and this central component is draped and leaves first kind and plant assembly and second kind of framework of planting on the assembly.The accuracy of above-mentioned plantation control is continued by following mode: each in the runner assembly is around the fixed axis point revolution of being supported on the plantation framework, the cave of rotation coiled and the plant holding device punctures plastics and opens the plant holding device rice shoot is placed on correct depth and vertical position at lower dead point position accurately.

Next this process is along with each automatic leveling framework moves forward, and the plant holding device is extracted out and also turned to " loaded " position.

Description of drawings

Now with reference to accompanying drawing preferred implementation of the present invention is only described by way of example, wherein:

Fig. 1 is used for the schematic side elevation of plant transplanting to the equipment of plant bed;

Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the equipment of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the rearview of the equipment of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is the end view of plantation assembly of the equipment of Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is the stereogram of planter of the plantation assembly of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is just with the stereogram of planter after plant transplanting is in the plant bed that is coated with the plastic sheet material, Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is the rearview of one of them plantation assembly, and wherein planter pierces through the plastic sheet material of plant bed; And

Fig. 8 is the level cross-sectionn figure that runs through one of them plant bed, shows the sprinkler tip of equipment.

Embodiment

Fig. 1 shows and rotates

plantation assembly

1 and 2, and it accurately controls the position of single plantation element 3 and 4, and described plantation element 3 and 4 is supported by self-level(l)ing frame assembly 5, and described frame assembly 5 attaches to 4 support wheels, and wherein outboard wheel 6 and 7 is shown in Figure 1.

Planter 3 and 4 is with respect to framework 5 and take turns the adjustable sleeve nut control by 8 and 9 places of 6 and 7 planting depth.

As shown in Figure 2, be provided with the first lateral frame assembly 5 and the second lateral frame assembly 39, described each frame assembly is supported by 4

wheels

6,7,40,41 and 45,46,47,48 respectively.Nearside

wheel

40,41 and 45,47 also provides support for central frame assembly 38.

Entire equipment comprises 3

frame assemblies

5,38,39 and

support wheel

6,7,40,41; 45,46,47,48, described equipment is arranged to prime mover of being connected in such as tractor 12 by tool frame (toolbar) and roller case rack device 14,15.For guaranteeing that each overall plantation assembly 10 can keep plantation element 3 and 4 rightly with respect to ground 11, each unit is not subjected to any interference of the motion of tractor.Outboard roller framework 15 can freely move up and down with respect to the roller framework 14 that links to each other with tool frame 13.Roller framework 15 by freely-movable bearing 16 and 17 and sidepiece guide rolls bearing 18 and 19 support.This vertical roller framework attaches to pivot link 20, and described pivot link 20 can move freely more than 21 and in the distance of following qualification in the Central Line, and its stroke is by 22 restrictions.Make each separate frame 5 in the limit of connecting rod 20 and retainer 22, to rotate like this, and can vertically move to the limit of limes superiors 24 and roller track 23.Frame rear portion can be by rotating and easy on and off moves around bearing pin 25 and 26 along the direction of arrow 27.Each end of framework 5 is supported by torsion shaft 28, and described torsion shaft 28 is connected in arm 29 in the rear and front end of framework 5.The accurate control of the

plantation assembly

1 and 2 degree of depth can be regulated by sleeve nut 8 and 9.Each assembly and framework are by dual-purpose passage (walkway) and support frame 30,31 and other assembly and framework interconnection.When tool frame 13 by tractor when the direction of arrow 32 is mentioned, be equipped with the support column 33 support and connection platforms 31 of chain 34, make it possible to support machine so that transportation.Also be provided with automatic

transplanting feeder head

35 and 36, it is positioned at and holds planter units 37 tops.

Fig. 2 shows the vertical view of

frame assembly

5,38 and 39, and it is respectively and comprises the

main frames

5,38 that supported by

wheel

6 and 7,40 and 41,45 and 46,47 and 48 and 39 and the separate unit of plantation assembly 1 and 2.For frame assembly 5, this provides the self-level(l)ing characteristic of taking turns between 40 and 7 and the good accuracy of planting depth.By reference line 42 and 43 as can be seen, intersection point 44 only is subjected to 50% influence with respect to

wheel

6 and 7,40 and 41 motion, thereby guarantees accurate leveling effect and with respect to the accurate plantation of the plant bed face that is coated with plastics.Framework 39 has identical characteristics, 4 independently take turns 45,46,47 and 48 for the

plantation assembly

1 and 2 accurate location is provided.Because the track between each independent plant bed is very narrow, the size of a wheel of each track and type will be restricted to obtain suitable floating degree and uniform load.In order on plantation framework 38, to obtain identical characteristic, nearside

wheel

40,41,45 and 47 is utilized independent and accurately support central frame assembly 38 by hinged interconnect frame.These hinged interconnect frame 30,31,57,58,59 and 60 hinged at 49,50,51,52,53,54,55 and 56 places.Hinged independently framework allows the rotation with respect to each plantation

assembly support frame

5,38 and 39, makes central frame 38 be hung and be supported by nearside

wheel

40,41,45 and 47.For the accurate opportunity of the rice shoot of controlling tight spacing, assembly 1 is by driving-chain 61 timings and be interconnected to assembly 2, and driving-chain 61 is accurately driven with respect to ground speed by transmission driver 62, and transmission driver 62 is by the sprocket on the axle 63 and take turns 40 and 41 and drive.Same timing drive transmission is applied on the assembly 39 by driving-chain 64,65, and driving-chain 64,65 is by the sprocket on the axle 66 and take turns 47 and 48 drivings.Central mounting framework 38 is driven by wheel 7 and 8, and described driving is passed to sprocket driver 68 by driving-chain 61, and sprocket driver 68 freely rotates on the bearing on the axle 69, and passes through driving shaft 70 to assembly 38 transmission of drive force.

Fig. 3 is a rearview, the

narrow track

74,75,76 and 77 that it illustrates plant bed 71,72,73 and takes

turns

7,41,47 and 48

places.Plantation framework

5,38 and 39 is shown in pivot 54 and the interconnection of 56 places.The nearside wheel 40,41 of frame assembly 5 and the nearside wheel 47 of

frame assembly

39 and 45 support central frame 38.The central authorities of framework 38 are by vertical guiding device 78 and 79 guiding, and the relative altitude with respect to wheel 41 and 47 of regulating plant bed 72 tops by adjuster 80 and 81.

As shown in Figure 4, each

plantation assembly

1 and 2 comprises a plurality of planters 3,4 that are installed on the dish type rotatable member 82.Each planter has microscler shape and comprises

plant holding device

94,95 and puncture member 87.Rotatable disc 82 is supported on bearing 83,84,85 and 86, makes described assembly to be driven and to be rotated in the mode of being in step with by support wheel, thereby the plastics puncture member 87 that guarantees planter accurately keeps advancing with speed with ground speed, has avoided tearing plastics.The plant holding device of each planter is made up of a pair of

opposed member

94,95, thus described

opposed member

94,95 closed before plantation and keep plant, and be arranged in when puncture member has pierced through plastic film material and open.Each puncture member 87 comprises the elongated blades shape extension of one of element of plant holding device.

As shown in Figure 5, planter is installed on the dish 82 by arm 88, and arm 88 keeps vertical by key 89 fixing cup assemblies 90 with the assurance planter in whole rotation process.Arm 91 provides support for cam 92, and cam 92 is bonded on the roller 93 with controlling

plant holding element

94 and 95 and each side of cave dish.

Referring to Fig. 6, when assembly 90 rotates, roller 93 acts on the cam 92, make arm 96 keep the element 94 of assembly to separate with the cave dish plant with 95, thereby remove from plastics after the degree of depth place of the plant bed that cave dish and plant accurately is placed on position accurately and covers with respect to plastic foil, described placement is controlled by above-described all self-level(l)ing elements.

Fig. 7 shows trailing

wheel

7 and 41 positions with respect to plastic sheet 97

tops.Wheel

7 and 41 support frames 5 and

plantation assembly

1 and 2 do not contact it with plastic sheet 97.

Fig. 8 illustrates plastic sheet 97, and the edge of plastics is covered by soil 98.Fig. 8 also shows the plant bed 99 of following Accurate Shaping and

orbital position

74 and 75 and the stem 100 of accurately locating and be positioned at the plant of central authorities, and wherein root piece cave dish 101 is positioned to be the accurate degree of depth 102 from top to plastics 97 surfaces of cave dish 101.Planting unit forms V-shape portion 103 in soil 99, cave dish 101 is placed on wherein.Company's root soil 101 of plant 100 is exposed in air and the potential harmful element 104, needs to remove the air that coils 105 surfaces in the cave and seals in the surface or the surface of cave dish 106.In order to seal and to provide enough moisture for the soil region that soaks around the rice shoot 107, on track, be provided with special-purpose (operating)

water nozzle

108 and 109 of watering, make along the current of arrow 110 and 111 directions and impact soil, thereby cause that soil and water subside with sealing cave dish 105 slightly and removes around the cave dish 105 and height 106 places of cave dish or the air of its top in the position of arrow 112 and 113 indications.Before water marches to rice shoot and soil block zone 107 by capillarity from irrigate band 114 around, this sealing and wetted areas 107 provide the time for the rice shoot survival.

Should be appreciated that can to above-described equipment carry out various modifications and do not depart from the scope of the present invention and spirit.

Claims

1. equipment that is used for plant transplanting is coated with at least one plant bed of plastic sheet material, it comprises:

At least one frame assembly (5) by a plurality of wheel the (6,7,40,41) support;

Be installed at least one the plantation assembly (1,2) on the described frame assembly;

Described at least one plantation assembly comprises one or more planters (3,4), and described one or more planters (3,4) are arranged in described the wheel when the track of described plant bed side moves and move with respect to described the wheel vertically;

The puncture member (87) that described planter or each planter comprise plant holding device (94,95) and be used to pierce through described plastic sheet material;

Wherein, described at least one planter is arranged in described plastic sheet material and is pierced through afterwards, plant is placed on the desired depth place in the plant bed that is covered by plastics by described plastics puncture member (87).

2. equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described puncture member (87) comprises the blade-like extension of described plant holding device.

3. equipment as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the described plant holding device of described planter or each planter comprises a pair of relative parts (94,95), described relative parts (94,95) are arranged in described plastic sheet material and have been punctured the back separately and open so that plant is discharged in the described plant bed by described puncture member.

4. equipment as claimed in claim 3, wherein, the opening and closed controlling of the described relative parts of described plant holding device by cam mechanism (92,93).

5. each described equipment in the claim as described above wherein, is provided with adjusting device (8,9), be used to regulate described at least one frame assembly with respect to described vertical position of taking turns to regulate the planting depth of described planter.

6. one kind is used for the equipment of plant transplanting to plant bed, and it comprises:

Be installed at least one the plantation assembly (1 on the described frame assembly, 2), described at least one plantation assembly comprises one or more planters (3,4), described one or more planter (3,4) is arranged to vertically move so that plant is positioned in the plant bed with respect to described the wheel;

And the tool frame (13) that is used to attach to prime mover (12), wherein, described tool frame is connected in described at least one frame assembly and support wheel by making described frame assembly and support wheel can be independent of the device that prime mover ground moves freely on vertical direction roughly.

7. equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the roller case rack device (14 of described tool frame by roughly vertically extending, 15) be connected in described at least one frame assembly and support wheel, described roller case rack device (14,15) comprising: the first roller framework (14) that is connected in described tool frame (13); Be connected in the second roller framework (15) of described at least one frame assembly (5); And a plurality of roller bearings (16,17) between described first and second roller framework, make the described second roller framework (15) roughly moving freely with respect to the described first roller framework (14) on the vertical direction.

8. equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein, between framing component that is connected in the described second roller framework and described frame assembly, be provided with adjusting device (8,9), be used to regulate the vertical position of described at least one frame assembly (5) with respect to described support wheel.

9. each described equipment in the claim as described above, wherein, described plantation assembly or each plantation assembly (5) comprise a plurality of planters (3,4), described a plurality of planter (3,4) be installed on the rotatable member (82), make the vertical direction that when described rotatable member rotates, keeps each planter.

10. equipment as claimed in claim 9, wherein, planter (3,4) vertical motion is by at least one the rotating drive in described the wheel, and take turns (47 described, be provided with transmission driver (62) between the rotatable member of axle of at least one 48) (66) and plantation assembly, thereby when described axle rotates, cause the vertical motion of the described planter on the described revolving member.

11. one kind is used for the equipment of plant transplanting at least one plant bed, it comprises:

By a plurality of frame assemblies (5,38,39) of a plurality of wheel the (6,7,40,41) support, and each frame assembly comprises at least one plantation assembly mounted thereto;

The plantation assembly that comprises at least one planter (1,2), described at least one planter (1,2) are arranged to vertically move plant is placed in the described plant bed with respect to described plant bed;

Wherein, described frame assembly comprises: by first frame assembly (5) of first a group of nearside wheel and outboard wheel (6,7,40, a 41) side that support, that be positioned at described equipment; Second frame assembly (39) by second group of nearside wheel and outboard wheel (6,7,40,41) opposite side that support, that be positioned at described equipment; And at least one central frame assembly (38).

12. equipment as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described central frame assembly (38) is connected in described first frame assembly (5) and described second frame assembly (39) by the part that is articulated and connected (49-56).