CN102159342A - Salt-based cores and method for production thereof - Google Patents

Salt-based cores and method for production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102159342A
CN102159342A CN200980136389XA CN200980136389A CN102159342A CN 102159342 A CN102159342 A CN 102159342A CN 200980136389X A CN200980136389X A CN 200980136389XA CN 200980136389 A CN200980136389 A CN 200980136389A CN 102159342 A CN102159342 A CN 102159342A
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Prior art keywords
core
salt
water
multinomial
adhesive
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CN200980136389XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
D·蒂曼
G·希勒
D·克费尔
P·斯廷格尔
H·赫德勒
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Ceramtec GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/10Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
    • B22C9/105Salt cores

Abstract

The present invention relates to cores that are inserted into the die when diecasting workpieces from metal, in order to maintain the cavities that are intended in the workpieces when the moulds are filled with the molten metal, have to meet high requirements with regard to their dimensional stability and the ease with which they can be removed from the cavities. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that the core material is completely soluble in water and can be removed from the workpieces by water without leaving any residue and that the cores made from salts in a non-liquid form and the additional materials can be produced by the core shooting process using pressures, adjusted appropriately for the composition of the core material to act on the respective material with which said cores are surrounded.

Description

Based on core of salt and preparation method thereof
The present invention relates to the preparation method of core and this core, this core is used as the cavity keeper when making with (preferably through die-casting technique) preparation metal casting when preparing metal casting by core shooting (Kernschie β en) by salt, this core can be dissolved in solvent fully and not stay solid residue, and therefore can be fully with smoothly by removing in the workpiece.
For example compare, with the core that with the melt filling mould time, is retained in the cavity that is provided with in the workpiece obvious higher requirement is arranged inserting in the mould when the die-cast metal workpiece with core used when sand casting or the low pressure-permanent mold casting.This core must be easy to make and be the accurate with profile of dimensionally stable, and is used for the material of this core manufacturing and the solvent of its dissolving should neither be influenced casting property also not being harmful to environment, and health is not produced harm again.
If surface and profile accuracy to the cavity of workpiece have special requirement, then the surface of this core must be smooth especially and profile accurate, and this core must be dissolved in suitable solvent neutralization fully and can not stay the removal easily from the cavity of workpiece of solid residue ground.The residue that contains the core of insoluble components such as quartz sand can be treated modified surface and produce damage or cause compressor emergency shutdown, for example causes obstruction in the gas-accumulating tank air inlet injection system (Einspritzd ü se im Commonrailsystem) of diesel engine unit at the core residue.
The objective of the invention is to prepare the core of being made by salt, it has necessary strength when the die casting workpiece, and can easily and fully remove from workpiece.
So far can't be equipped with salt core by so-called core shooting legal system with prior art, be also referred to as the salt core of penetrating sand (geschossene), it can bear the extreme requirement that for example occurs in aluminium-die casting.Promptly this core must have high strength on the one hand, and also can easily remove from foundry goods after casting on the other hand.Can prepare the sand core of hydrated glass as adhesive by prior art, its maximum intensity is 500 N/cm 2Core of the present invention will reach obviously higher value, and after casting still easily and do not have this core of residue ground removal.
This purpose is by realizing corresponding to the core of first claim and with the method for this core of preparation of claim 12.Favourable embodiments more of the present invention are claimed in the dependent claims.
Core of the present invention is made up of salt, can sneak into adhesive and selectable filler, additive and catalyst to this salt.This core is intended being used for by the workpiece of casting die by nonferrous metal such as aluminium, brass or copper casting.Core of the present invention is made up of such material, and this material can be dissolved in (owing to the environmental protection reason) fully and remove as no residue in the water of preferred solvent and in can the cavity by this workpiece.
The advantage of core of the present invention is that it is made up of such material, and described material does not all have the reaction of the bubbing that is harmful to environment in preparation and in casting cycle under appropriate processing.Owing in casting cycle, do not form gas,, can avoid thus especially because casting defect such as shrinkage cavity, the pore etc. that the core gas that produces is produced so improved the quality of foundry goods.Not forming when removing core in by workpiece needs the special residue of disposing.Look it and form, this material can reclaim by spray-drying or evaporation as salt by suitable method by reclaiming in the liquid phase.
All of this core material compositions of the present invention all can be processed as forming process with core shooting in core shooter commonly used.The geometric complexity of this core has determined the core shooting parameter and has been used to prepare the mould of core and the structure of the shooting head of core shooter (Schie β kopf) and structure design.With also be about to the core material filling by press forming and advance shaping dies and different through the closely knit method of pressure again, this core shooting method can prepare the very core of complicated structure of geometry, and there is good profile accuracy on its surface and uniform density is arranged and the homogeneous texture of intensity.
The water soluble salt of alkali metal and alkali earth metal is as particularly sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride, the water soluble sulfate of alkali metal and alkali earth metal and nitrate is as particularly potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and water soluble salt of ammonia all is suitable as the material of core of the present invention as ammonium sulfate particularly.These materials can use separately also can mix use, as long as it does not react to each other and thus desirable characteristics is had a negative impact, this core material should not stand have the material of adverse effect to change to its solubility when core prepares.The diffluent salt that common its decomposition point or fusing point are higher than this melted metal temperature is suitable for.With the sand facies ratio, this core material is divided into desired particle size or grade easily or simply.Influence the surface characteristic of this core especially by selected size distribution.Granularity is more little, and the surface is smooth more.Usually make every effort to high as far as possible packing density, this can realize by the additional material with different distributions curve that mixes different salt and choose wantonly, as realizing by the bimodal of mixture or three peak size distribution.
By the material for the treatment of teemer's part, required surface quality and profile accuracy, granularity of the present invention is elected 0.01 mm as until 2 mm.
Randomly, water soluble filler can replace salt with the part of 30 volumes at the most, as long as thus density and intensity are had no adverse effect.The granularity of this filler should be suitable with the granularity or the size distribution of this salt.
For guaranteeing the required stability of this core behind the core shooting, before core shooting, in salt, add suitable bonding or suitable binder system.Can fine wetting this salt and optionally filler be that complete water miscible all binders are all available after hardening process, the mixture of these materials can be shaped as core by means of the core shooting method.Usually silicate adhesive is suitable, as long as they are water miscible.The also adhesive that can use water miscible alkali metal phosphate and ammonium phosphate or form by single aluminate or phosphate.The adhesive of forming by solubility waterglass preferably.This addition depends on modulus of water glass (1-5) and can be 0.5 weight %-15 weight % according to wetting behavior, is preferably 5 weight %-8 weight %.For reaching the required characteristic of casting die such as intensity and dimensional stability, also can use specific binder combination.
The characteristic of the mixture of being made up of salt, optional filler and adhesive or adhesive composition can be subjected to the influence of the additive that specific aim adds.Its prerequisite is that this additive or additive reaction product can easily be removed from the cavity of workpiece with no residue ground fully by soluble in water, and do not disengage the gas that also can cause casting defect that casting cycle is had adverse effect when casting.According to the composition of core material, these additives may be: wetting agent, the additive that influences the mixture denseness, lubricant, separate agglomerate additive, gelling agent, change core thermophysical property such as thermal conductivity additive, prevent the additive that metal adheres to, the additive that causes better homogeneity and miscibility on core, increase memory property additive, prevent the additive of premature hardening, cigarette and condensate form when preventing to cast additive and cause the additive that quickens to harden.These additives are that those skilled in the art are known in the core that preparation is used always.Its addition is according to the kind of core material and composition and decide.
Core has required intensity behind core shooting thus, the catalyst that can add the initiation suitable with it and quicken sclerosis according to the composition of core material.
Under the catalyst situation that forms gas, can be blown into the gas that influences core material, be preferably CO 2Or air, especially for the sclerosis and the drying of the core after in the mould of injecting still sealing.Pressure when its pressure can be less than core shooting, and be 5 bar approximately at the most.
Also can carry out hot post processing to core in 500 ℃ temperature at the most.Usually shaping has been implemented heat treatment by being heated to the temperature that adapts to core material in mould.
This core material is made up of salt and adhesive and additive if desired such as filler, additive and catalyst, and wherein this filler and adhesive are inorganic.All substances can evenly be mixed through known mixing arrangement.The selection of the addition of adhesive and additive depends on the application purpose of this core, and has determined surface quality and the density and the intensity of this core.
The preparation of this core material separates with core shooting technology to be carried out, and must take suitable safeguard measure to prevent reunion and premature hardening when wherein needing.For example the composition by core material also can be prepared, carry and store under protective gas.
The material of the characteristic of other material of change core material particularly advantageously directly is added in the core shooter the required material that hardens.Fully mix carrying other material to enter in the air-flow of mould then.Pressure (suitable or suitable with the filling and the flowable of material with the composition of core material) with 1bar-10bar is blown into this core material in the mould.This stowing pressure is relevant with grain shape with size distribution or granularity.Fine particulate salt usually needs the higher sand pressure of penetrating.
The composition of core and characteristic have significant impact to the quality of die casting.According to a work embodiment this most important characteristic is described at this.This characteristic that provides relates to the core that was not coated with slurry.
Use is made up of NaCl and following added substance such as waterglass-adhesive and other additive such as releasing agent, bonding delayed-action activator, wetting agent etc.This core is shaped on core shooter with 6 bar pressure.Its under 200 ℃ through 1 fen clock time of heat treatment with sclerosis.This gained core is specially adapted to aluminium die casting.In aluminium die casting, this liquid aluminium is pressed into mould through the pressure of 10 MPa-20 MPa.It flows into mould with the speed that is at most 120 m/sec.For can bear the power that is occurred when casting, this core must be a dimensionally stable.The sample that is of a size of long 180 mm, wide 22 mm and high 22 mm has been carried out the mechanics material behavior to be measured.The bending strength of measuring by VDG-specification P 73 (in February, 1996) is 1400 N/cm 2
Fashionable at metal flow, the surface of this core does not allow to be washed away or damage.This core must have corresponding surface strength thus.Porosity also plays a decisive role.The share in this hole is 30% in this work embodiment.
Measure by buoyancy method based on the density of the salt core of sodium chloride and to be generally 1.2 g/cm 3-1.8 g/cm 3This corresponding porosity is 10%-35%.The bending strength of measuring by VDG-specification P73 is 400 N/cm 2-1500 N/cm 2
Die casting must take out this core after sclerosis.Importantly this core will immediately and not have the dissolving fully and easily of solid residue ground warp.The dissolution velocity of this core material is relevant with core material, its preliminary treatment and granularity certainly.Under pure salt situation, dissolution velocity may be inconsistent with the situation of the composition that contains adhesive and filler.Test with the die casting test specimen shows that the core that is of a size of 22 mm x, 22 mm x, 180 mm can wash out with hot water fully from foundry goods in 1 minute-2 minutes.
Therefore the present invention relates to following aspect:
Figure 690624DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Water miscible salt core, its can by the mixture (=core material) formed by water soluble salt, at least a adhesive and optional extra auxiliary agent such as filler, additive and catalyst under pressure through densified preparation, wherein, this adhesive and optional extra auxiliary agent are inorganic, and this salt core is shaped by means of the core shooting method;
Wherein in the pressure forming of 1bar-10bar;
Wherein the density of the core of this shaping is 1.2 g/cm 3-1.8 g/cm 3
Wherein the porosity of this core is 10%-40%;
Wherein the bending strength of this core is 400N/cm 2-1500N/cm 2
Wherein use its decomposition point or fusing point to be higher than the salt of this liquid metal temperature as water soluble salt;
The chloride that wherein uses alkali metal and alkali earth metal is sodium chloride, potassium chloride and/or magnesium chloride particularly, the water soluble sulfate of alkali metal and alkali earth metal and nitrate is potassium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfate particularly, water soluble salt of ammonia particularly the mixture of ammonium sulfate or these salt as water soluble salt;
Wherein the granularity of this core material is 0.01 mm-2 mm;
Wherein the part type core material contains water-soluble filler, and the granularity of this filler and the granularity of this core material are suitable, and the filer content in this core material can be 30 volume % at the most;
Wherein use water-soluble silicate compound as adhesive, the mixture of preferred water glass, alkali metal phosphate, ammonium phosphate and/or single aluminate or phosphate (Monoaluminiumphosphat) or these compounds;
Wherein the content of adhesive is 0.5 weight %-15 weight %;
Wherein this adhesive is a waterglass, and the content of this adhesive is 0.5 weight %-15 weight %, depends on wetting behavior and modulus of water glass;
Wherein this water soluble salt is that granularity is that sodium chloride and the adhesive of 0.01 mm-2 mm is waterglass;
Wherein, the waterglass content of this adhesive is 0.5 weight %-15 weight %, and it depends on size distribution and suitable with modulus of water glass;
Wherein this water soluble salt is that particle size range is the sodium chloride of 0.04 mm-0.6 mm, and adhesive is that content is the waterglass of 6 weight %, and wherein in core shooter in room temperature penetrating sand pressure forming and harden with 6 bar with hot-air;
Wherein this density is 1.35 g/cm 3, open porosity be 30% and bending strength be 1400 N/cm 2
Wherein this salt core after shaping 500 ℃ temperature through heat treatment.
This uses the optional preferred embodiment that means water soluble salt core of the present invention of enumerating that is identified.
In addition, the invention still further relates to following aspect:
Figure 919349DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Be used to prepare the method for water soluble salt core, this salt core obtains from the mixture of being made up of water soluble salt, at least a adhesive and optional extra auxiliary agent such as filler, additive and catalyst, it is characterized in that, should be in water can be consoluet and can the water mixture that no residue ground is removed from workpiece with non-liquid form through even mixing, and by the core shooting method to become salt core with the suitable pressure forming of composition, size distribution or the granularity of this core material and grain shape;
Zero wherein this salt core in the pressure forming of 1bar-10bar;
Zero wherein mixes the component of the granularity with different distributions curve, preferably by mixing the component of bimodal or three peak size distribution, to reach the high compactedness of this mould by this mixture (core material);
Zero chloride of wherein selecting alkali metal and alkali earth metal is sodium chloride, potassium chloride and/or magnesium chloride particularly, the water soluble sulfate of alkali metal and alkali earth metal and nitrate is potassium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfate particularly, and water soluble salt of ammonia particularly the mixture of ammonium sulfate or these salt as water soluble salt, described water soluble salt, randomly with extra auxiliary agent, through evenly mixing and being shaped as core;
Zero is the core material of 0.01 mm-2 mm according to using granularity by the workpiece material of casting of metals, required surface quality and profile accuracy wherein;
Zero wherein to add content in this core material be one or more extra fillers of 30 volume % at the most, and the granularity of the granularity of this filler and these one or more salt is suitable;
Zero wherein adds one or more adhesives with the content relevant with specific area, wetting behavior and size distribution, and this adhesive preferably water-soluble silicate compound, particularly waterglass, alkali metal phosphate, ammonium phosphate and single aluminate or phosphate;
Zero wherein to add content be that the waterglass of 5 weight %-20 weight % is as adhesive;
Zero wherein adds and the suitable water-soluble additives of core material;
Zero wherein adds and the suitable water-soluble catalyst of core material;
Zero wherein this core after penetrating sand, use with the suitable gas of core material and blow with sclerosis;
Zero wherein blows with hot-air;
Zero wherein uses CO 2Blow;
Zero pressure that wherein should blow is 10 bar at the most;
Zero wherein this core after penetrating sand at the most 500 ℃ with the suitable heat treatment of core material sclerosis.
This usefulness zero is identified enumerates the optional preferred embodiment that means the inventive method that is used to prepare the water soluble salt core.

Claims (22)

1. water miscible salt core, its can by the mixture (=core material) formed by water soluble salt, at least a adhesive and optional extra auxiliary agent such as filler, additive and catalyst under pressure through densified preparation, it is characterized in that, this adhesive and optional extra auxiliary agent are inorganic, and this salt core is shaped by means of the core shooting method.
2. the water miscible salt core of claim 1 is characterized in that, in the pressure forming of 1bar-10bar.
3. claim 1 or 2 water miscible salt core is characterized in that the density of the core of this shaping is 1.2 g/cm 3-1.8 g/cm 3
4. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-3 is characterized in that the porosity of this core is 10%-40%.
5. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-4 is characterized in that the bending strength of this core is 400N/cm 2-1500N/cm 2
6. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-5 is characterized in that, use its decomposition point or fusing point to be higher than the salt of this liquid metal temperature as water soluble salt.
7. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, the chloride of use alkali metal and alkali earth metal is sodium chloride, potassium chloride and/or magnesium chloride particularly, the water soluble sulfate of alkali metal and alkali earth metal and nitrate is potassium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfate particularly, water soluble salt of ammonia particularly the mixture of ammonium sulfate or these salt as water soluble salt.
8. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-7 is characterized in that, the granularity of this core material is 0.01 mm-2 mm.
9. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-8 is characterized in that the part type core material contains water-soluble filler, and the granularity of this filler and the granularity of this core material are suitable, and the filer content in this core material can be 30 volume % at the most.
10. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-9 is characterized in that, use water-soluble silicate compound as adhesive, the mixture of preferred water glass, alkali metal phosphate, ammonium phosphate and/or single aluminate or phosphate or these compounds.
11. one or multinomial water miscible salt core is characterized in that among the claim 1-10, the content of adhesive is 0.5 weight %-15 weight %.
12. one or multinomial water miscible salt core is characterized in that this adhesive is a waterglass among the claim 1-11, and the content of this adhesive is 0.5 weight %-15 weight %, depend on wetting behavior and modulus of water glass.
13. one or multinomial water miscible salt core is characterized in that among the claim 1-12, this water soluble salt is that granularity is that sodium chloride and the adhesive of 0.01 mm-2 mm is waterglass.
14. the water miscible salt core of claim 13 is characterized in that, the content of this adhesive waterglass is 0.5 weight %-15 weight %, and it depends on size distribution and suitable with modulus of water glass.
15. one or multinomial water miscible salt core among the claim 1-14, it is characterized in that, this water soluble salt is that particle size range is the sodium chloride of 0.04 mm-0.6 mm, adhesive is that content is the waterglass of 6 weight %, and wherein in core shooter in room temperature penetrating sand pressure forming and harden with 6 bar with hot-air.
16. one or multinomial water miscible salt core is characterized in that among the claim 1-15, this density is 1.35 g/cm 3, open porosity be 30% and bending strength be 1400 N/cm 2
17. one or multinomial water miscible salt core is characterized in that among the claim 1-16, this salt core after shaping 500 ℃ temperature through heat treatment.
18. be used to prepare the method for water soluble salt core, this salt core obtains from the mixture of being made up of water soluble salt, at least a adhesive and optional extra auxiliary agent such as filler, additive and catalyst, it is characterized in that, can be consoluet in water and can water this mixture that no residue ground is removed from workpiece with non-liquid form through even mixing, and by the core shooting method to become described salt core with the suitable pressure forming of composition, size distribution or the granularity of this core material and grain shape.
19. the method for claim 18 is characterized in that, this salt core is in the pressure forming of 1bar-10bar.
20. the method for claim 18 or 19 is characterized in that, mixes the component of the granularity with different distributions curve, preferably by mixing the component of bimodal or three peak size distribution, to reach the high compactedness of this mould by this mixture (core material).
21. one or multinomial method among the claim 18-20, it is characterized in that, the chloride of selection alkali metal and alkali earth metal is sodium chloride, potassium chloride and/or magnesium chloride particularly, the water soluble sulfate of alkali metal and alkali earth metal and nitrate is potassium sulfate and/or magnesium sulfate particularly, and water soluble salt of ammonia particularly the mixture of ammonium sulfate or these salt as water soluble salt, described water soluble salt randomly with extra auxiliary agent, evenly mixes and is shaped as core.
22. one or multinomial method is characterized in that among the claim 18-21, are the core material of 0.01 mm-2 mm according to using granularity by the workpiece material of casting of metals, required surface quality and profile accuracy.
CN200980136389XA 2008-07-18 2009-07-20 Salt-based cores and method for production thereof Pending CN102159342A (en)

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CN102672138A (en) * 2012-03-29 2012-09-19 山东华盛荣镁业科技有限公司 Pressure casting die and pressure casting method
CN103889615A (en) * 2011-10-19 2014-06-25 铃木株式会社 Casting core, method for producing same, and method for casting using said core
CN105828974A (en) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-03 戴姆勒股份公司 Method for producing a casting core for manufacturing cylinder heads
CN107262661A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-20 厦门建霖工业有限公司 A kind of high temperature resistance and high strength water-soluble core and preparation method thereof
CN108655362A (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-16 现代自动车株式会社 Hollow salt core and preparation method thereof
CN108838339A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-20 襄阳美利信科技有限责任公司 A kind of method of salt core die casting

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CN103889615A (en) * 2011-10-19 2014-06-25 铃木株式会社 Casting core, method for producing same, and method for casting using said core
CN103889615B (en) * 2011-10-19 2016-06-15 铃木株式会社 Casting core, its manufacture method and use the casting method of these core Footwall drift mo(u)lding goods
CN102672138A (en) * 2012-03-29 2012-09-19 山东华盛荣镁业科技有限公司 Pressure casting die and pressure casting method
CN105828974A (en) * 2013-12-17 2016-08-03 戴姆勒股份公司 Method for producing a casting core for manufacturing cylinder heads
CN105828974B (en) * 2013-12-17 2019-07-23 戴姆勒股份公司 For manufacturing the method and casting core of casting core
CN108655362A (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-16 现代自动车株式会社 Hollow salt core and preparation method thereof
CN107262661A (en) * 2017-05-23 2017-10-20 厦门建霖工业有限公司 A kind of high temperature resistance and high strength water-soluble core and preparation method thereof
CN108838339A (en) * 2018-08-03 2018-11-20 襄阳美利信科技有限责任公司 A kind of method of salt core die casting

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RU2551335C2 (en) 2015-05-20
EP2307158A2 (en) 2011-04-13
BRPI0915997A2 (en) 2019-04-09
RU2011105861A (en) 2012-08-27
WO2010007180A2 (en) 2010-01-21

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