CN102155315B - 控制内燃发动机运行的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种控制内燃发动机运行的方法,该内燃发动机具有排气再循环和用来测量描述进气歧管中氧气含量的传感器值(FMAN)的氧传感器,并根据此传感器值(FMAN)执行排气再循环的控制,该方法包括以下步骤:根据由氧传感器检测的传感器值(FMAN)与通过观察器模型‑支持的估计值之间的差值,确定误差值(ΔFMAN);计算观察器的灵敏度值(dFMAN);以及在当前工作点系统偏差(ΔFMAN)超过灵敏度值(dFMAN)的条件下实施氧传感器的校正匹配。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及控制内燃发动机运行的方法和装置。
背景技术
众所周知,多年以来柴油发动机和汽油发动机均装配有排气再循环(EGR),其中排气被返回到进气歧管,尤其为了减小汽缸中的温度峰值(通过在混合物中设置较低的氧气浓度)。这进而能够实现NOx(氮氧化物)排放的减少或限制,这对于遵守例如在EURO6排放标准中规定的严格限定值来说是必要的。
为了减少有害的排放(例如NOx排放),众所周知特别在进气歧管中设置氧传感器。根据这一氧传感器提供的FMAN值(表示进气歧管中氧气的含量),能够实现闭环FMAN控制,通过这一控制进而能够改善汽缸中的燃烧过程。
NOx排放与FMAN值之间的基本相互关系是众所周知的。然而,为了闭合控制环中精确的FMAN控制以及为了尽可能精确的NOx排放的估计(不使用NOx传感器),如车载诊断(OBD)的规定所要求的,由于关于微粒和湿度的条件变化,并且还由于相当大的温度变化,由氧传感器所提供的FMAN值的匹配或校正是有必要的。
发明内容
针对上述背景,本发明的目的是提供控制内燃发动机运行的方法和装置,该方法和装置使NOx排放的可靠估计和相应的排气再循环的精确控制成为可能。
这一目的通过根据本发明实施例描述的方法和装置来实现。
根据本发明用于控制内燃发动机运行的方法,该内燃发动机具有排气再循环和用来测量描述进气歧管中氧气含量的传感器值的氧传感器,并根据此传感器值执行排气再循环控制,该方法包括以下步骤:
-根据由氧传感器检测的传感器值与观察器模型-支持的估计值之间的差值,确定误差值;
-计算观察器(observer)的灵敏度值(sensitivity value);以及
-在当前工作点误差值超过灵敏度值的条件下,实施氧传感器的可校正匹配或适应(adaptation)。
根据本发明,确定或监测由氧传感器检测的FMAN值与模型-支持的估计的FMAN值之间的差值(此后被称作“ΔFMAN”)。此外,计算FMAN观察器或根据本发明的观察器的灵敏度(此后被称作“dFMAN”)。仅在工作点处系统偏差ΔFMAN的值超过灵敏度dFMAN的值的条件下实施FMAN传感器的传感器校正或匹配。否则(即如果ΔFMAN<dFMAN),不发生FMAN传感器的匹配。因此,根据本发明,根据FMAN系统偏差ΔFMAN和FMAN观察器的灵敏度dFMAN的计算,如果认为必要,则匹配项(adaptation term)仅被添加到由传感器检测的FMAN值。
当点火被关闭时,相应的值可以被存储在匹配表中并被写入到非易失性存储器(NVRAM)中。控制程序控制自适应或匹配偏差值的读出,这可以在例如正常的驾驶操作过程中执行。
本发明还涉及一种控制内燃发动机运行的装置,该装置被设计来实施根据本发明的方法。对于此装置的优选改进,参考与根据本发明的方法相关的说明。
本发明的进一步改进能够从说明书的具体实施方式中取得。
附图说明
下面根据优选实施例,参考附图对本发明进行更详细地介绍,其中:
图1示出描述两种不同平衡状态的进气歧管中氧气含量的传感器值(FMAN)的变化,每个都在测量值与模型值之间进行比较;
图2示出根据本发明的氧传感器的校正匹配说明的示意图;
图3示出根据本发明在氧传感器的两个不同值域中灵敏度值的计算说明的示意图;以及
图4示出由优选实施例提供的根据本发明的方法的次序说明的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的算法的数学描述从下述方程式开始,其描述进气歧管中FMAN值的动态特性:
其中P是压力,T是温度,R是一般的或通用的气体常数,Wegr是排气再循环率。
以平衡状态(dFMAN/dt=0)作为基础,给出方程式(1)的转化:
图1示出描述两种不同平衡状态的进气歧管中氧气含量的传感器值(FMAN)的变化,即一方面在750rpm下并且平均诱导压力BMEP=1bar(曲线“204_NADI”),另一方面在2000rpm下(“195_NADI”)并且平均诱导压力BMEP=6bar,每种情况均处于均质充气压缩点火(HCCI)模式下且在测量值与模型值之间进行比较,其中箭头“P”指明排气再循环流的增加方向。如从图1所见,近似计算已经产生了良好的精度。
图2示出根据本发明的氧传感器的校正匹配说明的原理图。根据图2,由观察器250确定的模型-支持的估计值(FMAN_obs)和由氧传感器检测的传感器值(FMAN_sens)均提供给匹配单元260。从发动机控制单元(ECU)240提供模型-支持的估计所需的输入变量给观察器250,发动机控制单元执行内燃发动机230的控制。在装配有排气再循环的内燃发动机230中,通过根据由控制器220激活的相应的FMAN执行器执行进气歧管中氧气含量(FMAN)的控制。
仅在根据由氧传感器检测的传感器值(FMAN)与模型-支持的估计值之间的差值计算的误差值ΔFMAN在当前工作点处超过观察器250的灵敏度值dFMAN的条件下,匹配单元260实施氧传感器的校正匹配。
根据图3,此处在两个不同的范围“I”和“II”中执行FMAN观察器的灵敏度dFMAN的计算。范围“I”对应于HCCI模式中(即在均质充气压缩点火(HCCI)的范围中)的闭环FMAN控制。在此范围中,FMAN设定点值相对较大,并且存在较高的排气再循环率(EGR率)。此处,在当前FMAN设定点值的范围中计算灵敏度dFMAN。范围“II”对应于接近0的FMAN值。在此范围中,不发生FMAN控制。然而,FMAN值与NOx排放之间的相互关系可以被用于在下游执行的基于NOx的车载诊断(OBD功能)。此处,计算数值FMAN=0周围的灵敏度。
此后,计算灵敏度dFMAN。应用下述方程式:
或简单记为
dFman=f1(Fegr,Wegr,Wcomp)dFegr+f2(Fegr,Wegr,Wcomp)dWcomp
+f3(Fegr,Wegr,Wcomp)dWegr (4)
实际上,排气再循环率Wegr取决于进气歧管中的温度,从而方程式(3)和(4)需要被相应地扩展。
排气再循环率的一个扩展如下所示,其中P是压力,T是温度,N是发动机转速,VD是发动机的容积,R是通用的气体常数,以及ηvol是容积效率,其中标志“int”表明进气歧管,标志“asp”表明被吸入到汽缸中的空气:
方程式(5)的转化和总差分的计算为:
或概括为:
dWegr=g1(ηvol,Pint,Tint,N,Wcomp)dPint+g2(ηvol,Pint,Tint,N,Wcomp)dTint
+g3(ηvol,Pint,Tint,N,Wcomp)dηvol+g4(ηvol,Pint,Tint,N,Wcomp)dWcomp (7)
其中g()是灵敏度函数。此处,进气歧管中的温度和容积效率的影响都被考虑了。
图4示出由优选实施例提供的根据本发明的方法的次序的流程图。在步骤S10,检查点火是否被打开。如果确实如此,则进程继续到步骤S20,其中下面说明的匹配表被写入(在正常的驾驶操作过程中)。
根据步骤S10的询问,如果点火没有被打开,在步骤S30检查或询问是否满足根据本发明用于匹配的必要激活前提条件(特别是关于平衡状态、氧传感器的值域、环境压力和温度)。
之后,在步骤S40,执行系统偏差ΔFMAN的确定,相当于由氧传感器检测的传感器值FMAN与观察器模型-支持的估计值之间的差值,还执行根据观察器的灵敏度值dFMAN的方程式(3)-(7)说明的上述计算。
如果在步骤S50中执行的关于系统偏差ΔFMAN在当前工作点处是否超过灵敏度值dFMAN的询问结果是肯定的,为了校正由传感器检测的传感器值FMAN,在步骤S60通过将偏差值或匹配项添加到匹配表中来执行氧传感器的校正匹配。
当点火被关闭时(根据步骤S70中的询问),在步骤S80中执行将匹配表存储在非易失性数据存储器(NVRAM)中,其在正常的驾驶操作过程中(即根据步骤S10的询问,当点火被打开时)被写入(步骤S20)。
Claims (7)
1.一种控制内燃发动机运行的方法,所述内燃发动机具有排气再循环和用来测量描述进气歧管中氧气含量的传感器值(FMAN)的氧传感器,并根据此传感器值(FMAN)执行所述排气再循环的控制,其中所述方法包括以下步骤:
根据由所述氧传感器检测的传感器值(FMAN)与观察器模型-支持的估计值之间的差值,确定误差值(ΔFMAN);
计算所述观察器的灵敏度值(dFMAN);以及
在当前工作点所述误差值(ΔFMAN)超过所述灵敏度值(dFMAN)的条件下,实施所述氧传感器的校正匹配。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中实施所述氧传感器的校正匹配包括增加至少一个匹配项到由所述氧传感器检测的所述传感器值(FMAN)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中实施所述氧传感器的校正匹配包括将所述匹配项存储在匹配表中。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中当点火被关闭时所述匹配表被写入到非易失数据存储器(NVRAM)中。
5.一种控制内燃发动机运行的装置,所述内燃发动机具有排气再循环和用来测量描述进气歧管中的氧气含量的传感器值(FMAN)的氧传感器,其中所述装置被设计来实施根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法。
6.一种控制内燃发动机运行的方法,所述内燃发动机具有排气再循环和用来测量描述所述内燃发动机的进气歧管中的氧气含量的氧传感器,传感器值(FMAN)描述所述进气歧管中的所述氧气含量,且根据此传感器值(FMAN)执行所述排气再循环的控制,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过所述氧传感器测量所述氧气含量;
确定所测量的氧气含量与估计的氧气含量之间的差值,其中所述估计的氧气含量与排气再循环率相关联;
确定所述估计的氧气含量的灵敏度值,其中所述灵敏度值是基于所述估计的氧气含量随时间的变化而计算的;以及
如果所述测量的氧气含量与所述估计的氧气含量之间的所述差值超过所述灵敏度值,修改所述测量的氧气含量。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述灵敏度值与排气再循环率、循环排气中的氧气含量和进气中的氧气含量相关联,或者与排气再循环率、循环排气中的氧气含量、进气中的氧气含量、进气歧管中的温度和发动机的容积效率相关联。
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US7231906B1 (en) * | 2006-06-27 | 2007-06-19 | Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. | Simultaneous EGR correction and individual cylinder combustion phase balancing |
GB2461301B (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2012-08-22 | Gm Global Tech Operations Inc | A method for detecting faults in the air system of internal combustion engines |
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2010
- 2010-02-12 DE DE102010001892A patent/DE102010001892B3/de active Active
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2011
- 2011-01-05 CN CN201110006405.2A patent/CN102155315B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4614175A (en) * | 1983-12-27 | 1986-09-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Engine exhaust gas recirculation control system |
CN101289967A (zh) * | 2007-04-18 | 2008-10-22 | 株式会社电装 | 用于内燃机的氧传感器输出校正装置 |
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