CN102154722A - Elastic composite viscose fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Elastic composite viscose fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an elastic composite viscose fiber and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of spinning. In the elastic composite viscose fiber, viscose glue is a continuous phase, and elastic macromolecules are dispersed phases. The elastic composite viscose fiber comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-95 percent of viscose glue and 5-50 percent of elastic macromolecules. The elastic composite viscose fiber provided by the invention is obtained by blended spinning of a viscose glue solution and an elastic macromolecule solution. The preparation method has a simple process, is convenient to operate and control and is easy for realizing industrial production; special equipment is not needed; and the raw material source range of the viscose glue solution is wide, and the raw materials can be cotton fiber, bamboo fiber or wood fiber. The elastic composite viscose fiber prepared by adopting the method has the elastic enlongation percentage of 10-140 percent and the elastic recovery rate of 80-95 percent, and has the characteristics of simple structure, product diversity and wide application range.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of elastic composite viscose that forms by viscose solution and the big molecular solution co-blended spinning of elasticity and preparation method thereof, belong to textile technology field.
Background technology
At present, have good elastic fiber on the market and be mainly spandex and other chemical fibres through a series of modifications, as: elastic polyethylene fiber, elasticity polypropylene fiber, elasticity polyster fibre, elasticity acrylic fiber or the like.Yet; the raw material of these chemical fibres comes from oil mostly; deficient day by day at oil and begin to manifest crisis contemporary society needs to seek one regenerated fiber is prepared into the approach with high resiliency fiber, and then replaces or part replaces spandex and other elastomers.
Renewable fiber is mainly viscose, and raw material mainly comprises: natural fabric cellulosic material such as cotton, bamboo and wood slurry, and the growth of the crops of trees, wild plant and rich cellulose, and for viscose provides raw material basis widely.In addition, some performance of viscose and natural cotton fiber and similar has hygroscopicity, stainability, antistatic preferably, and is comfortable and easy to wear, have other chemical fibres incomparable advantage.Over more than 100 year, the production process and the technology of viscose are constantly improved, and the viscose of different mechanical properties emerges in large numbers gradually, as: high-wet-modulus fibre, high crimped fibre, strong fiber or the like.Entered since the eighties in last century, functional fibre causes people's strong interest gradually, therefore various function viscose fibers are developed, as: medical viscose, Fire resistant viscose fiber, Hollow Viscose Fiber film, conductive viscose fiber, anti electromagnetic wave viscose or the like.But the structural design of elasticity viscose is a potential research direction equally, and has very extensive market prospects.At present, in the research document and patent of China and foreign countries, do not find the relevant report of elasticity viscose, this is because the preparation of viscose solution and the spinning process condition harshness in later stage thereof, as: in the technology before spinning, the temperature of viscose glue can not be too high, should guarantee that rayon spinning solution is not aging in room temperature and following; The alkalescence of viscose solution is bigger, about 5.8% alkaline concentration limit multiple method of modifying; In the coagulating bath of producing viscose, H
2SO
4Generally in the scope of 50-120g/L, bigger acidity is also having a strong impact on the preparation of elasticity viscose glue to content.This shows that the factors such as highly basic, strong acid and process cycle length in the viscosity spinning technique have hindered the preparation of its elastomer.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned existing problems, the objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned defective, a kind of elastic composite viscose and preparation method thereof is provided, for the technical solution that satisfies the object of the invention is:
A kind of elastic composite viscose, viscose glue is a continuous phase in the elastic composite viscose, and the big molecule of elasticity is a decentralized photo, and the mass percent of each component is in the elastic composite viscose:
Viscose glue 50~95%
The big molecule 5~50% of elasticity.
Described viscose glue is a kind of in gossypin or bamboo cellulose or the lignose, and cellulosic number-average molecular weight is 200-1800.
The big molecule of described elasticity is the fiber polyurethane elastomer, and fiber is 20000-350000 with the number-average molecular weight of polyurethane elastomer.
A kind of preparation method of elastic composite viscose, the elastic composite viscose is formed by viscose solution and the big molecular solution co-blended spinning of elasticity, and the preparation method adopts following steps:
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
Viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity are pressed following mass percent, viscose solution 40~99.56%, the ratio of the big molecular solution 0.44~60% of elasticity is put into mulser and is carried out the emulsification dispersion, and emulsifying temperature is 20~40
Emulsification times is 10~30min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 200-15000 rev/min, forms blend solution, and is standby;
The deaeration of B blend solution
Account for the defoamer that the blend solution mass ratio is 0.1-0.5% in interpolation in the blend solution of A step preparation, stir, then 4~38
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 3~6h;
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 50~95% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity be 5~50% elastic composite viscose, and wherein, spinning technology parameter is respectively: temperature 10-30
Extensibility 40-120%, draft temperature 30-150
Setting temperature 35-155
The solid content of described viscose solution is 5~15%.
The big molecular solution of described elasticity is a kind of in soluble polyurethane or the oil soluble polyurethane, and wherein: the solid content of soluble polyurethane is 10-60%, and the solid content of oil soluble polyurethane solution is 10-40%.
Described defoamer is a kind of in polysiloxanes or polyether-modified silicon or higher alcohols or the organosilicon.
Owing to adopted above technical scheme, the present invention has the following advantages:
Compound adhesive elastic fiber of the present invention is a matrix material with the viscose glue, is the elastic return point with the big molecule of elasticity.Elastic composite adhesive elastic fiber preparation method of the present invention adopts mulser that big molecular solution of elasticity and viscose solution are carried out blend, relies on the rotating speed of mulser that the big molecular solution of elasticity is cut into decentralized photo, is dispersed in uniformly in the continuous phase of viscose solution.When the big molecular solution of elasticity is soluble polyurethane, because soluble polyurethane itself is the emulsified solution of polyurethane, can rely on the aqueous polyurethane of different-grain diameter dispersion and the acting in conjunction of mulser, improve the elasticity of viscose; When the big molecular solution of elasticity is oil soluble polyurethane, because the existence of moisture in the viscose solution, after oil soluble polyurethane solution is poured in the viscose solution curing reaction can take place, the particle diameter when therefore directly utilizing mulser control urethane cures distributes, and improves the resilience of viscose.In the preparation process of blend solution, because have surfactant in the soluble polyurethane solution, under the fast stirring of mulser, be easy to generate a large amount of bubbles, influence the dispersion yardstick of the big molecule of elasticity in viscose solution, and a large amount of bubble of same generation easily under the stirring of mulser of the organic solution in the oil soluble polyurethane solution, therefore, need to add defoamer, remove too much bubble, make the dispersion yardstick of the big molecule of elasticity in viscose solution in 0.01 μ m-200 mu m range, and then effectively prepare the elastic composite viscose of different elastic performances.It is that packing material, viscose glue are the elastic composite viscose of base material that the method for employing wet spinning can prepare with the big molecule of elasticity, in spinning process, the parameter of coagulating bath, stretching, typing changes the degree of crystallinity and the degree of orientation that can regulate the elastic composite viscose, adjust structure, obtain different flexible elastic composite viscoses.Because the range of solid content of soluble polyurethane and oil soluble polyurethane is different, therefore soluble polyurethane is different with respect to the quality ratio of viscose solution with oil soluble polyurethane, by adjusting different ratio, can obtain the elasticity viscose of different elastic performances.When this fiber is subjected to force-extension, the elongation of fiber axial direction, diametric(al) is dwindled.When external force is removed, because the elasticity of the big molecule of elasticity itself and and matrix material between interaction force, the elastic composite viscose has elasticity recovery, and in addition, the big molecule of elastic polyurethane all can not be damaged in the alkali lye of viscose solution and the acid bath in the coagulating bath.
The preparation method of a kind of elastic composite viscose of the present invention, technology is simple, and equipment requires low, convenient operation and control, be easy to realize suitability for industrialized production, need not special installation, can production elastic composite viscose on the viscose glue production of routine and spinning process equipment.The elastic extension of elastic composite viscose obtained by this method can reach 10%-140%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 80-95%, and is simple in structure, and product is various, is widely used.Because the raw material of viscose solution can be cotton fiber, bamboo fibre or xylon, it is different therefore adopting the elasticity of the elastic composite viscose of different raw material preparing.
The specific embodiment
A kind of elastic composite viscose, viscose glue is a continuous phase in the elastic composite viscose, and the big molecule of elasticity is a decentralized photo, and the mass percent of each component is in the elastic composite viscose:
Viscose glue 50~95%
The big molecule 5~50% of elasticity.
Described viscose glue is a kind of in gossypin or bamboo cellulose or the lignose, and cellulosic number-average molecular weight is 200-1800.
The big molecule of described elasticity is the fiber polyurethane elastomer, and fiber is 20000-350000 with the number-average molecular weight of polyurethane elastomer.
A kind of preparation method of elastic composite viscose, the elastic composite viscose is formed by viscose solution and the big molecular solution co-blended spinning of elasticity, and the preparation method adopts following steps:
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
Viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity are pressed following mass percent, viscose solution 40~99.56%, the ratio of the big molecular solution 0.44~60% of elasticity is put into mulser and is carried out the emulsification dispersion, and emulsifying temperature is 20~40
Emulsification times is 10~30min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 200-15000 rev/min, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, the solid content of described viscose solution is 5~15%, and the big molecular solution of described elasticity is a kind of in soluble polyurethane or the oil soluble polyurethane, and the solid content of soluble polyurethane is 10-60%, and the solid content of oil soluble polyurethane solution is 10-40%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
Account for the defoamer that the blend solution mass ratio is 0.1-0.5% in interpolation in the blend solution of A step preparation, stir, then 4~38
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 3~6h.Wherein, described defoamer is a kind of in polysiloxanes or polyether-modified silicon or higher alcohols or the organosilicon.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 50~95% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 5~50% elastic composite viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: temperature 10-30
Extensibility 40-120%, draft temperature 30-150
Setting temperature 35-155
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 25-50g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 280-400g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 8.5-25g/L.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment the preparation method of composite elastic fiber of the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:
Embodiment 1
According to above-mentioned technology, select the viscose solution and the soluble polyurethane solution of gossypin preparation for use, wherein, polyurethane is the fiber polyurethane elastomer.
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
With number-average molecular weight is that 200 gossypin viscose solution 1900g and number-average molecular weight are that 20000 soluble polyurethane solution 8.34g puts into mulser and carries out emulsification and disperse, and emulsifying temperature is 20
Emulsification times is 10min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 200 rev/mins, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, gossypin viscose solution solid content is 5%, and the solid content of soluble polyurethane is 60%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
To account for the blend solution mass ratio be 0.1% polysiloxane defoamers adding in the blend solution of A step preparation, stirs, then 4
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 3h.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 95% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 5% elastic composite gossypin viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: spinning temperature is 10
Extensibility is 40%, and draft temperature is 30
Setting temperature is 35
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 25g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 280g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 8.5g/L.
Through measuring, the elastic extension of elastic composite gossypin viscose can reach 10%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 80%.
Embodiment 2
According to above-mentioned technology, select the viscose solution and the oil soluble polyurethane solution of bamboo cellulose preparation for use, wherein, polyurethane is the fiber polyurethane elastomer.
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
With number-average molecular weight is that 400 bamboo cellulose viscose solution 1600g and number-average molecular weight are that 50000 oil soluble polyurethane solution 50g puts into mulser and carries out emulsification and disperse, and emulsifying temperature is 30
Emulsification times is 15min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 1000 rev/mins, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, bamboo cellulose viscose solution solid content is 5%, and the solid content of oil soluble polyurethane is 40%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
To account for the blend solution mass ratio be 0.2% polyether-modified silicon defoaming agent adding in the blend solution of A step preparation, stirs, then 10
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 4h.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 80% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 20% elastic composite bamboo cellulose viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: spinning temperature is 15
Extensibility is 50%, and draft temperature is 40
Setting temperature is 45
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 30g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 300g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 10g/L.
Through measuring, the elastic extension of elastic composite bamboo cellulose viscose can reach 60%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 88%.
Embodiment 3
According to above-mentioned technology, select the viscose solution and the soluble polyurethane solution of lignose preparation for use, wherein, polyurethane is the fiber polyurethane elastomer.
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
With number-average molecular weight is that 800 lignose viscose solution 900g and number-average molecular weight are that 100000 soluble polyurethane solution 33.34g puts into mulser and carries out emulsification and disperse, and emulsifying temperature is 40
Emulsification times is 20min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 5000 rev/mins, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, lignose viscose solution solid content is 10%, and the solid content of soluble polyurethane is 30%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
To account for the blend solution mass ratio be 0.3% higher alcohols defoamer adding in the blend solution of A step preparation, stirs, then 15
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 5h.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 90% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 10% elastic composite lignose viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: spinning temperature is 20
Extensibility is 60%, and draft temperature is 60
Setting temperature is 65
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 35g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 320g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 14g/L.
Through measuring, the elastic extension of elastic composite lignose viscose can reach 25%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 85%.
Embodiment 4
According to above-mentioned technology, select the viscose solution and the oil soluble polyurethane solution of gossypin preparation for use, wherein, polyurethane is the fiber polyurethane elastomer.
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
With number-average molecular weight is that 1200 gossypin viscose solution 700g and number-average molecular weight are that 180000 oil soluble polyurethane solution 120g puts into mulser and carries out emulsification and disperse, and emulsifying temperature is 20
Emulsification times is 25min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 8000 rev/mins, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, gossypin viscose solution solid content is 10%, and the solid content of oil soluble polyurethane is 25%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
To account for the blend solution mass ratio be 0.4% silicone defoaming agent adding in the blend solution of A step preparation, stirs, then 20
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 6h.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 70% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 30% elastic composite gossypin viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: spinning temperature is 25
Extensibility is 80%, and draft temperature is 90
Setting temperature is 95
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 40g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 340g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 18g/L.
Through measuring, the elastic extension of elastic composite gossypin viscose can reach 100%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 90%.
Embodiment 5
According to above-mentioned technology, select the viscose solution and the soluble polyurethane solution of bamboo cellulose preparation for use, wherein, polyurethane is the fiber polyurethane elastomer.
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
With number-average molecular weight is that 1600 bamboo cellulose viscose solution 333.34g and number-average molecular weight are that 260000 soluble polyurethane solution 500g puts into mulser and carries out emulsification and disperse, and emulsifying temperature is 30
Emulsification times is 30min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 120000 rev/mins, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, bamboo cellulose viscose solution solid content is 15%, and the solid content of soluble polyurethane is 10%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
To account for the blend solution mass ratio be 0.5% polyoxy silane defoamer adding in the blend solution of A step preparation, stirs, then 25
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 3h.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 50% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 50% elastic composite bamboo cellulose viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: spinning temperature is 30
Extensibility is 100%, and draft temperature is 120
Setting temperature is 125
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 45g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 380g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 22g/L.
Through measuring, the elastic extension of elastic composite bamboo cellulose viscose can reach 140%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 95%.
Embodiment 6
According to above-mentioned technology, select the viscose solution and the oil soluble polyurethane solution of lignose preparation for use, wherein, polyurethane is the fiber polyurethane elastomer.
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
With number-average molecular weight is that 1800 lignose viscose solution 400g and number-average molecular weight are that 350000 oil soluble polyurethane solution 400g puts into mulser and carries out emulsification and disperse, and emulsifying temperature is 40
Emulsification times is 20min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 150000 rev/mins, forms blend solution, and is standby.Wherein, lignose viscose solution solid content is 15%, and the solid content of oil soluble polyurethane is 10%.
The deaeration of B blend solution
To account for the blend solution mass ratio be 0.3% higher alcohols defoamer adding in the blend solution of A step preparation, stirs, then 38
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 4h.
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 60% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity is 40% elastic composite lignose viscose, and spinning technique comprises: spinnerets, coagulating bath, stretching, finalize the design, oil.Spinning technology parameter is respectively: spinning temperature is 20
Extensibility is 120%, and draft temperature is 150
Setting temperature is 155
Coagulating bath is H
2SO
4, Na
2SO
4With ZnSO
4Blend solution, wherein: H
2SO
4Concentration be 50g/L, Na
2SO
4Concentration be 400g/L, ZnSO
4Concentration be 25g/L.
Through measuring, the elastic extension of elastic composite lignose viscose can reach 120%, and elastic recovery rate can reach 93%.
Claims (7)
1. elastic composite viscose, it is characterized in that: viscose glue is a continuous phase in the elastic composite viscose, and the big molecule of elasticity is a decentralized photo, and the mass percent of each component is in the elastic composite viscose:
Viscose glue 50~95%
The big molecule 5~50% of elasticity.
2. elastic composite viscose as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described viscose glue is a kind of in gossypin or bamboo cellulose or the lignose, and cellulosic number-average molecular weight is 200-1800.
3. elastic composite viscose as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the big molecule of described elasticity is the fiber polyurethane elastomer, and fiber is 20000-350000 with the number-average molecular weight of polyurethane elastomer.
4. the preparation method of an elastic composite viscose, it is characterized in that: the elastic composite viscose is formed by viscose solution and the big molecular solution co-blended spinning of elasticity, and the preparation method adopts following steps:
The blend solution preparation of A viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity
Viscose solution and the big molecular solution of elasticity are pressed following mass percent, viscose solution 40~99.56%, the ratio of the big molecular solution 0.44~60% of elasticity is put into mulser and is carried out the emulsification dispersion, and emulsifying temperature is 20~40
Emulsification times is 10~30min, and the rotating speed of mulser is 200-15000 rev/min, forms blend solution, and is standby;
The deaeration of B blend solution
Account for the defoamer that the blend solution mass ratio is 0.1-0.5% in interpolation in the blend solution of A step preparation, stir, then 4~38
Temperature under vacuumize, vacuum is-0.1MPa, leaves standstill 3~6h;
The spinning of C blend solution
To be 50~95% through obtaining the viscose quality umber behind the spinning technique through the blend solution after the deaeration of B step, the big molecular mass umber of elasticity be 5~50% elastic composite viscose, and wherein, spinning technology parameter is respectively: temperature 10-30
Extensibility 40-120%, draft temperature 30-150
Setting temperature 35-155
5. the preparation method of a kind of elastic composite viscose as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the solid content of described viscose solution is 5~15%.
6. the preparation method of a kind of elastic composite viscose as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: the big molecular solution of described elasticity is a kind of in soluble polyurethane or the oil soluble polyurethane, wherein: the solid content of soluble polyurethane is 10-60%, and the solid content of oil soluble polyurethane solution is 10-40%.
7. the preparation method of a kind of elastic composite viscose as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described defoamer is a kind of in polysiloxanes or polyether-modified silicon or higher alcohols or the organosilicon.
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