CN102144485B - Artificial light seedling cultivation method of tobacco - Google Patents
Artificial light seedling cultivation method of tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN102144485B CN102144485B CN2011100077531A CN201110007753A CN102144485B CN 102144485 B CN102144485 B CN 102144485B CN 2011100077531 A CN2011100077531 A CN 2011100077531A CN 201110007753 A CN201110007753 A CN 201110007753A CN 102144485 B CN102144485 B CN 102144485B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial light seedling cultivation method of tobacco, belonging to the field of tobacco seedling cultivation. The method can be used for culturing tobacco seedlings within two months by utilizing an artificial light source to adjust and control illumination factors such as illumination intensity, illumination time and the like in the tobacco seedling cultivation environment and combining the environmental elements such as temperature, humidity, concentration of CO2, air velocity and the like as well as proper regulation and control of water and fertilizer. Compared with the traditional tobacco seedling cultivation method, the method improves the tobacco seedling cultivation uniformity, omits the working procedure of cutting seedlings, shortens the production cycle, leads the standard industrial large-scale production to be easily realized, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tobacco seedling field, particularly the artificial light seedling-cultivating method that grows tobacco.
Background technology
Tobacco business is one in China and receives the very big monopoly industry of policy implication, carries out the management system of unified leadership, vertical management, sale monopoly franchise.Tobacco product has all obtained large increase at aspects such as structure, quality, technology, and the harmfulness of consumption cigarette greatly descends.The 1-11 month in 2009, the Chinese cigarette manufacturing realizes 4,392 ten thousand yuan of the accumulative total value of shipments, and total profit reaches 60,900,000,000 yuan.Since 1987, the taxes and profits that tobacco business is realized added up to be in first of the national economy every profession and trade in continuous 14 years, for huge contribution has been made in nation-building.We can say that tobacco produces the pillar industry that has become China tobacco main producing region, has played positive impetus for increasing farmers' income.
Beginning in 2008, national tobacco leaf planting area remains on the level about 1,600 ten thousand mu, generally adopts extensive, centralized production model, and it is grown seedlings and also adopts scale, centralized minimum facility to grow seedlings or nurse young plants in hothouses.In the tobacco seedling of the primary link that tobacco produces is produced, how to cultivate into that seedling age is in good time, quantity is sufficient, the cigarette seedling of neat stalwartness, be the prerequisite of accomplishing the tobacco planting plan, be obtain high-quality, fit produce, the basis of efficient, low-cost tobacco leaf.In order to satisfy the demand that extensive tobacco produces, general using floating seedlings, air-pruning seedling production and moistening technology such as grow seedlings is carried out centralized tobacco seedling at present.Traditional earth culture seedling raising manners is compared in the appearance of these novel seedling growing processs, has improved cigarette seedling quality, has saved workload, has stopped the soil-borne disease in seedling stage.But existing seedling growing process is owing to the extensive problem of the control of environmental conditions such as illumination, temperature causes that the tobacco seedling is not neat, thereby seriously restricted growing and cultivation management after cigarette seedling later stage and the field planting thereof.In order to improve the quality of growing seedlings, especially make tobacco seedling uniformity, can repeatedly fill the gaps with seedlings usually during tobacco seedling and cut the seedling operation.Leaf-cutting period generally after planting about 35 days, when promptly the cigarette seedling has 5-6 sheet true leaf, the high 5cm of the stem left and right sides, prunes in the position that is exceeding terminal bud 3-4cm, and the Da Ye of tobacco seedling is cut off 1/3-1/2 from top, makes maximum leaf length less than 10cm.The leaf-cutting degree is looked size and the growing way of tobacco seedling and is decided, and control is big short little, and generally weekly 1 time, up to Cheng Miao.The cigarette seedling is generally wanted leaf-cutting 3-4 time.Above-mentioned consuming time, the consumption power of operation operation of filling the gaps with seedlings and cutting seedling, and caused inconvenience for the work of growing seedlings, also can influence later the growing of tobacco.That is to say that the not neat problem during tobacco seedling has directly influenced the production efficiency and the economic benefit of factorial seedling growth, brought many hidden danger also for later stage tobacco production.
Tobacco is happiness light, thermophilous, no matter is that tobacco seedling or land for growing field crops produce, and all needs suitable illumination and temperature and could ensure that it grows and morphogenesis.Research shows that tobacco growing is grown in illumination and quality is formed with very big influence, and light-use is the key of leaf tobacco production.Photoenvironment change because of region, season, time different.Tobacco is in growth and development process, and regular meeting runs into and connects cloudy few the photograph or the strong weather of illumination, and this is very big to the quality of tobacco influence.But photoenvironment is less to the research of the influence of tobacco growing growth, Physiological and Biochemical Metabolism, quality and yield.There are some researches show: different tobacco types, kind and height above sea level have certain difference to the influence performance of photosynthesis diurnal variation; The power of illumination influences the strong weak degree of cigarette seedling, and the later stage of growing seedlings can also be suppressed the too longitudinal growth of cigarette seedling to effective regulation and control of light, promotes laterally to increase thick.When in existing simple plastic greenhouse or greenhouse, carrying out tobacco seedling, facilities environment is extensive to the regulation and control of illumination and temperature, is difficult to make that illumination and temperature satisfy the requirement that the tobacco seedling early growth is grown simultaneously.Therefore, existing each item technology of utilizing natural daylight to grow seedlings is difficult to solve the not neat problem of tobacco seedling.For this reason; The present invention is based on the artificial light controllable environment; Develop a kind of tobacco seedling method, through reasonably regulating and control these two main environment factors of illumination and temperature, thereby grow the adapt circumstance condition that provides for the tobacco seedling early growth based on artificial lighting; Improve the neat degree of tobacco seedling, omit and cut the seedling operation in existing the growing seedlings, further improve the seedling quality and shorten growing-seedling period.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the artificial light seedling-cultivating method that grows tobacco, utilize the illumination factors such as intensity of illumination, light application time of artificial light source regulation and control tobacco seedling environment, and combine temperature, humidity, CO
2The regulation and control of environmental key-element such as concentration, air velocity reach the neat degree of raising tobacco seedling, omit the target of cutting seedling operation, shortening production cycle, improving tobacco seedling quality.
The one artificial light seedling-cultivating method that grows tobacco is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) tobacco sowing: after in the dish of cave, putting into matrix, 1 of every cave dibbling, the cubic light that places black dull condition is treated to open illumination behind the seed germination according on the cultivating stand;
(2) environment conditioning of growing seedlings: the temperature in regulation and control tobacco seedling space is that 27-29 ℃, humidity are 55-70%, CO
2Concentration is 400-550umol mol
-1, air velocity is 0.3-0.6m s
-1It is 90-150m that regulation and control tobacco seedling receives the artificial lighting intensity of photograph
-2s
-1, light application time is 9-12h d
-1More than each envirment factor in the tobacco seedling process, be in the state of uniformity;
(3) water and fertilizer management: use tobacco seedling nutritious liquid every other day; Carried out the bottom surface in per 2 days in after planting 1 month and pour water, carry out thereafter that pour water in the bottom surface or nutrient solution every day.
(4) transplant: sow after 2 months, the tobacco seedling is bred, and is transplanted to the land for growing field crops field planting.
Said intensity of illumination is 90m
-2s
-1, 120m
-2s
-1Or 150m
-2s
-1, light application time is 9h d
-1Or 12h d
-1
Said tobacco seedling uses the prescription of nutrient solution to be:
Macroelement: nitrate of lime (Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O): 410mg/L; Magnesium sulfate (MgSO
47H
2O): 120mg/L; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2PO
4): 272mg/L; Ammonium nitrate (NH
4NO
3): 160mg/L; Potassium sulphate (K
2SO
4): 74mg/L.
Trace element: manganese sulphate (MnSO
4H
2O): 7.2mg/L; Boric acid (H
3BO
3): 5.4mg/L; Ferrous sulfate (FeSO
47H
2O): 26.8mg/L; Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate EDTA (C
10H
14N
2Na
2O
82H
2O): 53.6mg; Copper sulphate (CuSO
45H
2O): 0.2mg/L; Zinc sulphate (ZnSO
47H
2O): 0.8mg/L; Ammonium molybdate ((NH
4)
6Mo
7O
244H
2O): 0.2mg/L.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the neat degree that 1, improves the tobacco seedling.2, improve the breeding efficiency of unit are.3, the tobacco seedling cycle under the natural daylight was generally 2.5-3 month, and the tobacco seedling under the artificial light begins to have shortened the production cycle to becoming seedling generally to need 1.5-2 month from sowing.4, be easy to realize standardization, batch production, large-scale production.5, the artificial light seedling-cultivating method general using multi-layer solid cultivation of tobacco has improved land utilization efficiency greatly, and resources such as its water, electricity, gas can both obtain circulating and effectively utilize; The environment that is hedged off from the outer world can also further reduce the dangerous of damage by disease and insect and to the pollution of surrounding enviroment, its nutrient solution almost can both obtain recycle; Therefore, compare with the tobacco seedling method under the natural daylight, the artificial light seedling-cultivating method of tobacco has very big advantage aspect environmental protection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 grows for natural daylight and the following tobacco seedling of cultivating of artificial light environment;
Wherein, to represent at illumination condition respectively be 90umol m for P90H9, P90H12, P120H9, P120H12, P150H9, P150H12
-2s
-1, 9h d
-1, 90umol m
-2s
-1, 12h d
-1, 120umol m
-2s
-1, 9h d
-1, 120umol m
-2s
-1, 12h d
-1, 150umol m
-2s
-1, 9h d
-1, 150umol m
-2s
-1, 12h d
-1The tobacco seedling that condition of culture is cultivated down; CK-G is the tobacco seedling of cultivating under the natural lighting condition; MS cloud and mist 85, MSK326 are two tobacco breds of present embodiment.
Specific embodiment
With specific embodiment the present invention is further specified below:
Embodiment 1
The culture facility that present embodiment adopts is an artificial light type closed plant factor; Container for plant growth is 128 caves dishes; Matrix is mixed according to 3: 1: 1 by vermiculite, perlite, peat, adds the water hot fermentation and processes; Tobacco bred is MS cloud and mist 85 and MSK326.
The prescription of the nutrient solution of present embodiment tobacco seedling is following:
Macroelement: nitrate of lime (Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O): 410mg/L; Magnesium sulfate (MgSO
47H
2O): 120mg/L; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH
2PO
4): 272mg/L; Ammonium nitrate (NH
4NO
3): 160mg/L; Potassium sulphate (K
2SO
4): 74mg/L.
Trace element: manganese sulphate (MnSO
4H
2O): 7.2mg/L; Boric acid (H
3BO
3): 5.4mg/L; Ferrous sulfate (FeSO
47H
2O): 26.8mg/L; Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate EDTA (C
10H
14N
2Na
2O
82H
2O): 53.6mg; Copper sulphate (CuSO
45H
2O): 0.2mg/L; Zinc sulphate (ZnSO
47H
2O): 0.8mg/L; Ammonium molybdate ((NH
4)
6Mo
7O
244H
2O): 0.2mg/L.
The seedling raising process of present embodiment is:
(1) tobacco sowing: after in the dish of 128 caves, putting into matrix; 1 of every cave dibbling, the cubic light that places black dull condition be according on the cultivating stand, and (a dish peripheral circle in cave is generally broadcast 2 kinds to treat to open illumination behind the seed germination; According to circumstances mend after the germination and plant or lift seedlings, finally make every cave one strain in the dish of cave);
(2) the environmental condition setting of growing seedlings: the temperature that the illumination cultivation frame is set is that 26-28 ℃, humidity are 55-65%, CO
2Concentration is 450-550umol mol
-1, air velocity is 0.4-0.6m s
-1
(3) illumination condition setting: be provided with the illumination cultivation frame intensity of illumination and light application time be 90umolm
-2s
-1, 9h d
-1(P90H9), 90umol m
-2s
-1, 12h d
-1(P90H12), 120umol m
-2s
-1, 9h d
-1(P120H9), 120umol m
-2s
-1, 12h d
-1(P120H12), 150umol m
-2s
-1, 9hd
-1(P150H9) or 150umol m
-2s
-1, 12h d
-1(P150H12); Natural daylight contrast (CK-G) tobacco plant light application time and intensity of illumination are the natural lighting time and the intensity of illumination in 10-April 10 Beijing's February.
(4) water and fertilizer management: use tobacco seedling nutritious liquid every other day; Carried out the bottom surface in per 2 days in after planting 1 month and pour water, carry out thereafter that pour water in the bottom surface or nutrient solution every day.
The present embodiment nursery effect:
Sow after 2 months, utilize Net Photosynthetic Rate, stomatal conductance, the intercellular CO of portable photosynthetic appearance (LI6400, U.S. LICOR company) tobacco kind seedling leaf
2Concentration), physical signs such as transpiration rate carried out somatometry, thick to plant height, stem respectively then, cauline leaf fresh weight, root fresh weight, cauline leaf dry weight, root dry weight, cauline leaf dry rate, root dry rate, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll total amount, chlorophyll a/b have carried out actual measurement or calculation (table 1-4).The result shows: is superior to significantly under the greenhouse natural light environment MS cloud and mist of cultivating under the artificial light controllable environment 85 and growing of MSK 326 tobacco seedlings, and the very big again improvement of its neat degree; The intensity of illumination of artificial lighting has produced the significance influence to growing of tobacco seedling, but the influence of light application time is not remarkable; Intensity of illumination is 90-120umol m
-2s
-1With light application time be 12h d
-1The overall merit of each item index of test region be superior to other test regions.Therefore, this artificial light controllable environment can not only promote growing of tobacco seedling, also can improve its neat degree.Therefore; The artificial light seedling-cultivating method of tobacco has and promotes growing, shorten its production cycle, improving the useful effect of the neat degree of its seedling of tobacco seedling; Thereby improve the breeding efficiency of tobacco, solve in the existing tobacco seedling and cut the adverse effect that seedling technology is brought.
Table 1 photoenvironment is planted the influence of the physiological property of seedling leaf to cigarette seedling (MS cloud and mist 85)
Annotate: 1) different letter representatives have significant difference, the identical there was no significant difference (P=0.05) of representing most in the same column.2) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) expression variance analysis.3) * representes significant difference (P=0.05), and * * representes significant difference (P=0.01), and NS representes there is not significant difference.
Table 2 photoenvironment is planted the influence of the physiological property of seedling leaf to tobacco (MSK326)
Annotate: 1) different letter representatives have significant difference, the identical there was no significant difference (P=0.05) of representing most in the same column.2) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) expression variance analysis.3) * representes significant difference (P=0.05), and * * representes significant difference (P=0.01), and NS representes there is not significant difference.
The influence that table 3 photoenvironment is grown tobacco (MS cloud and mist 85) seedling early growth
Annotate: 1) different letter representatives have significant difference, the identical there was no significant difference (P=0.05) of representing most in the same column.2) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) expression variance analysis.3) * representes significant difference (P=0.05), and * * representes significant difference (P=0.01), and NS representes there is not significant difference.
The influence that table 4 photoenvironment is grown tobacco (MSK326) seedling early growth
Annotate: 1) different letter representatives have significant difference, the identical there was no significant difference (P=0.05) of representing most in the same column.2) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) expression variance analysis.3) * representes significant difference (P=0.05), and * * representes significant difference (P=0.01), and NS representes there is not significant difference.
Claims (3)
1. the artificial light seedling-cultivating method that grows tobacco is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) tobacco sowing: after in the dish of cave, putting into matrix, 1 of every cave dibbling, the cubic light that places black dull condition is treated to open illumination behind the seed germination according on the cultivating stand;
(2) environment conditioning of growing seedlings: the temperature in regulation and control tobacco seedling space is that 27-29 ℃, humidity are 55-70%, CO
2Concentration is 400-550umol mol
-1, air velocity is 0.3-0.6ms
-1It is 90-150umol m that regulation and control tobacco seedling receives the artificial lighting intensity of photograph
-2s
-1, light application time is 9-12h d
-1More than each envirment factor in the tobacco seedling process, be in the state of uniformity;
(3) water and fertilizer management: use tobacco seedling nutritious liquid every other day; Carried out the bottom surface in per 2 days in after planting 1 month and pour water, carry out thereafter that pour water in the bottom surface or nutrient solution every day.
(4) transplant: sow after 2 months, the tobacco seedling is bred, and is transplanted to the land for growing field crops field planting.
2. the artificial light seedling-cultivating method that grows tobacco according to claim 1 said is characterized in that, said intensity of illumination is 90umol m
-2s
-1, 120umol m
-2s
-1Or 150umol m
-2s
-1, light application time is 9h d
-1Or 12h d
-1
3. the artificial light seedling-cultivating method that grows tobacco according to claim 1 said is characterized in that, said tobacco seedling uses the prescription of nutrient solution to be:
Macroelement: nitrate of lime: 410mg/L; Magnesium sulfate: 120mg/L; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 272mg/L; Ammonium nitrate: 160mg/L; Potassium sulphate: 74mg/L.
Trace element: manganese sulphate: 7.2mg/L; Boric acid: 5.4mg/L; Ferrous sulfate: 26.8mg/L; Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate EDTA:53.6mg; Copper sulphate: 0.2mg/L; Zinc sulphate: 0.8mg/L; Ammonium molybdate: 0.2mg/L.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102432368A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2012-05-02 | 四川农业大学 | Compound fertilizer special for burley tobacco |
| CN105340836A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-02-24 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for improving factory propagation efficiency of encarsia formosa |
| CN106922506B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2022-12-02 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Artificial light environment cultivation method for tobacco |
| CN107382549A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2017-11-24 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | A kind of acid-base accommodation tobacco seedling aqua nutrient solution and preparation method thereof |
| CN107445710A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2017-12-08 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | Micro- tobacco seedling liquid fertilizer and preparation method thereof in one kind |
| CN107750743A (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2018-03-06 | 黄新军 | A kind of Apparatus for growing tobacco seedlings |
-
2011
- 2011-01-14 CN CN2011100077531A patent/CN102144485B/en active Active
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