CN102141542B - System and method for elastic wave computed tomography (CT) test of concrete dam based on wireless sensor network - Google Patents
System and method for elastic wave computed tomography (CT) test of concrete dam based on wireless sensor network Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of non-destructive examination of hydraulic engineering and aims to provide a system and a method for an elastic wave computed tomography (CT) test of a concrete dam based on a wireless sensor network. The system comprises a manual vibration source module, a vibration signal acquisition module and a wireless sensor module, wherein the vibration signal acquisition module comprises a wireless sensor transmission component, a signal conditioner and a signal acquirer which are connected with a computer respectively; the wireless sensor module consists of a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes, and each wireless sensor network node comprises a three-component acceleration sensor, a global positioning system (GPS) one-machine multi-antenna positioning component and the wireless sensor transmission component which are connected with a control unit respectively; and the GPS one-machine multi-antenna positioning component is arranged in the manual vibration source module or the vibration signal acquisition module. The invention has the advantages that: test safety is high, and vibration source excitation operation is simple and convenient; the positioning of a measurement point is more accurate and intelligent; a large amount of wire connection operation in field test is avoided; one-transmission multi-reception in test process can be realized; and test efficiency can be improved greatly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hydraulic engineering technical field of nondestructive testing, particularly a kind of intelligent elastic wave CT method of testing and system that is applicable to the Non-Destructive Testing of mass concrete dam body.
Background technology
Since 1971 succeeded in developing First medicine CT machine, the CT technology had been widely used in the fields such as industry, geophysics.Elastic wave CT technique is introduced in the concrete dam safety detection field in recent years, and the main technical points of elastic CT comprises just to be drilled and inverting two parts.With regard to its imaging computing method, based on the image reconstruction technique of ray theory comparative maturity, also progressively begin to use based on the image reconstruction technique of wave equation.But, compare with the huge advance made that elastic wave CT computing method aspect is obtained, the elastic wave CT measuring technology relatively lags behind, particularly for the massive structure as dam, the development of the inefficient greatly restriction elastic wave CT of existing CT measuring technology, existing subject matter is:
(1) vibration source control is inconvenient.Conventional ultrasound wave emission vibration source only can be used for 1～2 meter of size with interior small-size concrete component testing.Because the concrete dam body volume is very large, in the situation that does not have high precision, high sensitivity testing system, need very large energy to produce the excited vibration signal to dam body.Artificial excitation's vibration source of current routine comprises: explosive, spark polarization source, ultra-magnetic telescopic acoustic emission vibration source etc.Wherein, explosive and electric spark energy are larger, but execute-in-place is convenient not, and explosive charge or spark discharge operation meeting produce the secondary harm such as vibration, impact, noise to surrounding enviroment; Particularly dam CT need to be carried out many times data sampling, and explosive and electric spark cost are higher, and environment is friendly not.Ultra-magnetic telescopic acoustic emission vibration source generally only is suitable for several meters with interior sonic test, can't be used for the concrete dam body CT test of tens of rice even up to a hundred meters.
(2) the measuring point location is inconvenient.In order to carry out the dam CT test, need to accurately locate launching site and the acceptance point of elastic wave.But because dam complex geometry, for example arch dam is the space curved surface structure of a complexity, adopt the total station survey technology to carry out time-consuming, the effort in measuring point location in test site, and precision is difficult to guarantee, greatly restricted the efficient of elastic wave CT data acquisition.
(3) adopt data line to be electrically connected between the main frame of existing elastic wave test macro and the sensor, when carrying out the dam CT test, because of the dam body size very large, need very long connecting line, cause the on-the-spot test inconvenient operation, and the long efficient that also reduces data transmission of data line, reduced the entire system reliability.
(4) on test mode, owing to be subjected to the restriction of existing test macro data acquisition scheme, when carrying out the dam CT test, " one one receipts " pattern often, namely an exciting point is launched elastic wave, by a receiving sensor reception.Tens of to hundreds of transmitting-receiving tests when dam being carried out elastic wave when covering sweep test, often have carrying out, take " one one receipts " pattern must efficient very low.
In sum, existing elastic wave CT test macro is only applicable to the member of smaller size smaller, and is unsuitable for the structure of large volume as dam; Arrange the aspects such as location, test data collection mode from on-the-spot measuring point, all there are the problems such as inconvenient operation, efficient are low in existing test macro, so demands developing new detection system urgently.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of novel, intelligentized dam CT test macro is provided, the main test assignment of this test macro is: record the reception vibration signal on some groups of emission signal of vibrating and each point position of dam, record the volume coordinate position of artificial vibration source point and reception measuring point.In the time of after obtaining these test datas, can calculating elastic wave between each space measuring point of concrete dam and walk, utilize the elastic wave Traveltime data that obtains to carry out the elastic wave tomography that can carry out dam body after FORWARD AND INVERSE PROBLEMS is calculated.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of concrete dam elastic wave CT test macro based on wireless sensor network is provided, comprises artificial vibration source module, a power hammer for generation of the vibrational excitation signal is arranged in this module, this system is involving vibrations signal acquisition module and wireless sensor module also;
Described vibration signals collecting module comprises the wireless senser transmission assembly, signal condition instrument and the signal sampler that link to each other with computing machine respectively, and wireless senser transmission assembly, signal condition instrument are connected with signal sampler and are connected;
Described wireless sensor module is comprised of a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes, and each wireless sensor network node includes: the Three-component accelerometer that links to each other with control module respectively, GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component and wireless senser transmission assembly;
This system also comprises GPS one many antennas of the machine positioning component that is arranged in artificial vibration source module or the vibration signals collecting module: as be arranged in the artificial vibration source module, then power hammer and GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component join by signal wire and a wireless senser transmission assembly respectively; As be arranged in the vibration signals collecting module, then this assembly directly links to each other with computing machine, and the power hammer is connected with the signal condition instrument through data line.
Among the present invention, described vibration signals collecting module and each wireless sensor network node include for the power supply to each work package power supply.
Among the present invention, the control module of described wireless sensor network node is the Single-chip Controlling unit.
As goal of the invention further, a kind of concrete dam elastic wave CT method of testing based on aforementioned system also is provided, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with each wireless sensor network node, artificial vibration source module and vibration signals collecting module arrangement on dam, the position of wireless sensor node and artificial vibration source module determines that according to requirement and the focal point of concrete dam CT test section the vibration signals collecting module is in the adjacent position with artificial vibration source module;
(2) before carrying out the dam CT test, each instrument component is carried out self check;
(3) determine the volume coordinate position of each wireless sensor network node and artificial vibration source module by GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component, and be stored in computing machine;
(4) artificial vibration source module is carried out vibration-testing, and employing power hammer knocks excited vibration, and percussion power determines that according to the measuring distance size can encourage clear vibration signal as principle, percussion power is ascending to be determined by test;
(5) the excited vibration signal of artificial vibration source module directly transfers to signal acquisition module by the data line that is connected with the power hammer, or is passed to the vibration signals collecting module by the wireless senser transmission assembly;
When (6) artificial vibration source module is carried out excited vibration, vibration signal through concrete dam body to around propagate, when being transmitted to each wireless sensor node of arranging in advance, pick up through Three-component accelerometer, collect vibration signal, and it is beamed back the vibration signals collecting module, realize that " multicast " gathers;
Test data imports the elastic wave CT software for calculation that is built in computing machine when (7) elastic wave between positional information, vibration source and the acceleration transducer of vibration source and acceleration transducer being walked, through just drilling and the inverting iterative computation, can obtain the elastic wave CT figure of concrete dam.
Among the present invention, go back the step that the involving vibrations signal filtering is processed: utilize the low-pass filtering function of signal condition instrument to realize HFS filtering, remove the high frequency composition that concrete dam body is subjected to the response of surging force excited vibration.
Among the present invention, go back the involving vibrations signal and amplify the step of processing: utilize electric charge or the voltage amplification function of signal condition instrument, realize the amplification to the collection Vibration Signal in Frequency Domain, so that effective identification and the quantitative test of signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) this test macro is casted away traditional electric spark and explosive vibration source, and the security of on-the-spot test improves greatly, and vibration source excites easy and simple to handle, to environment without any adverse effect;
(2) the measuring point location is more accurate and intelligent, need not the in-site measurement operation, and the coordinate of all measuring points can record and store automatically;
(3) behind the employing wireless sensor network, a large amount of connection line operations when having avoided on-the-spot test, the test data transmission is more convenient reliable;
(4) behind the employing wireless sensor network, realize the great change of data-transmission mode, can realize " multicast " in the test process, can greatly improve testing efficiency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is test macro main assembly figure;
Fig. 2 is artificial vibration source module diagram;
Fig. 3 is the vibration signals collecting module diagram;
Fig. 4 is wireless sensor network node;
Fig. 5 dam CT test synoptic diagram; Wherein, 1 for being arranged in the artificial vibration source module of concrete dam crest upstream face, and 2 is the vibration signals collecting module that links to each other with artificial vibration source module, and 3 for being arranged in the wireless sensor network node on the dam facing of concrete dam downstream.
Embodiment
The technical term of at first the present invention being mentioned is confirmed.Artificial vibration source module 1, vibration signals collecting module 2 and the wireless sensor module that the present invention uses is the functional module of summary.Power hammer in its building block, signal condition instrument, signal sampler, computing machine, power supply, GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component, Three-component accelerometer, wireless senser transmission assembly etc., be can be directly commercial inventory, perhaps can assemble voluntarily realization by those skilled in the art by the conventional techniques means, so the present invention repeats no more its specific implementation.
Technology path of the present invention is: (1) employing power hammer knocks and produces the vibrational excitation signal, adopts high-precision vibrating data collection instrument to obtain vibration signal on each measuring point.In order to obtain the Vibration Signal in Frequency Domain of large volume concrete structural, adopt the signal condition instrument to carry out the signal processing operations such as amplification, noise reduction, filtering of signal.(2) in order to solve the problem that on-the-spot measuring point location is inconvenient, precision is not high, adopt GPS one machine multi-antenna technology to carry out the accurate location of all vibration measuring points.(3) adopt wireless sensor network technology to set the vibration transducer network, avoided the troublesome operation of field data line, realize hyperchannel, the multipath transmitting of data.
The chief component of test macro of the present invention comprises: artificial vibration source module 1, vibration signals collecting module 2 and wireless sensor module.Artificial vibration source module 1 mainly is comprised of power hammer, data line.Vibration signals collecting module 2 is comprised of signal condition instrument, signal sampler, computing machine, power supply, GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component, wireless senser transmission assembly.Wireless sensor module is comprised of a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes 3, and each wireless sensor network node 3 is comprised of high sensitivity Three-component accelerometer, control module, GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component, wireless senser transmission assembly, power supply etc.
System forms as shown in Figure 1.Artificial vibration source module 1 produces the signal of vibrating of dam CT test, and this signal of vibrating transfers to signal acquisition module by data line on the one hand and record is preserved; At tested object (being dam) internal communication, after the wireless sensor node of a plurality of each point position on the dam body receives, be sent to signal acquisition module by wireless mode on the other hand.
Artificial vibration source module 1 as shown in Figure 2, each several part form and function as follows: the power hammer is connected with signal condition instrument in the signal acquisition module by data line.When employing power hammer knocks concrete dam body, the power hammer has applied vibrational excitation (that is: artificial excitation source) to concrete dam body, and can when produce artificial excitation's vibration, this artificial excitation's vibration signal be transferred to the signal acquisition module record by data line preserve.
Vibration signals collecting module 2 is shown in Fig. 3, each several part composition and function are as follows: the wireless senser transmission assembly is connected with the signal condition instrument, the signal condition instrument is connected with signal sampler, and the test signal after the signal condition instrument is processed can store and show on computers.Power supply provides power supply to each parts of this module.The major function of signal condition instrument is the processing such as electric charge amplification, voltage amplification, analog integration, noise reduction, filtering that realize original test signal.The major function of signal sampler is to realize multichannel synchronousing collection, AD conversion, program control amplification etc.Computing machine can the setting signal regulating instrument, the relevant parameters of signal sampler, carries out the file operation of test signal.The major function of wireless senser transmission assembly is both-way communication and the data transmission that realizes between signal acquisition module and the wireless sensor module; On the one hand, can send instrument initialization directive, self-checking command, automatic acquisition instructions etc. to wireless sensor module by computer operating wireless senser transmission assembly; On the other hand, the vibration signal that wireless sensor module detects receives by the wireless senser transmission assembly behind wireless transmission, behind signal condition instrument, signal sampler by Computer Storage or demonstration.Usually, it is very faint that the power hammer knocks artificial excitation's signal of generation, but after signal condition instrument and signal sampler carry out filtering, noise reduction, amplification etc. and process, can in this test macro, effectively pick up and differentiate originally very faint vibration signal, thereby measuring accuracy and sensitivity are improved greatly.
Wireless sensor module as shown in Figure 4, size according to measurement scope, a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes 3 can be arranged, and composition and the function of each node are as follows: Communication Control, the parameter that the Single-chip Controlling unit is used for each parts of module such as arranges at the simple operations, deposits test data etc. temporarily.Highly sensitive Three-component accelerometer is for the vibration signal that picks up point position.The wireless senser transmission assembly is used for the vibration signal that picks up is transferred to signal acquisition module by wireless mode.GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component is for the locus of determining Three-component accelerometer.Power supply provides electric energy for wireless sensor module.
Employing is carried out the enforcement synoptic diagram of dam CT test and is seen Fig. 5 based on the concrete dam elastic wave CT test macro of wireless sensor network.Adopt data line to be connected between artificial vibration source module 1 and the vibration signals collecting module 2, pass through the communication of wireless network mode between vibration signals collecting module 2 and a plurality of wireless sensor network node 3.
The dam CT testing procedure is as follows:
(1) at first with each wireless sensor network node 3, artificial vibration source module 1(vibration source shot point) be arranged on the dam.The position of wireless sensor network node 3 and artificial vibration source shot point is mainly determined according to requirement and the focal point of concrete dam CT test section.General and the artificial vibration source modules 1 of vibration signals collecting module 2 are in the adjacent position, as shown in Figure 2, its objective is that GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component in the vibration signals collecting module 2 is as vibration source shot point location.
(2) before carrying out the dam CT test, carry out first instrument self checking.Inspection item comprises: whether the power sensor of inspection power hammer reliably connects, and not firm meeting is installed causes false vibration signal; Check whether each parts is in correct collection waiting status in the vibration signals collecting module 2; Whether communication is normal to check wireless sensor network; Check whether the three-component vibration acceleration transducer reliably is connected with dam body, and can receive vibration signal.
(3) according to GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component, determine the volume coordinate position of each wireless sensor network node 3, and be stored in computing machine.
(4) carry out vibration-testing.When employing power hammer knocks excited vibration, hold hammer and want steady, it is accurate that drop point is wanted, and percussion power can be fixed according to the measuring distance size, and can encourage clear vibration signal as principle, percussion power is ascending to be determined by test.
(5) artificial excitation's vibration signal directly transfers to vibration signals collecting module 2 by the data line that is connected with the power hammer.
(6) in the artificial excitation, the vibration source vibration signal,, picks up through Three-component accelerometer when being transmitted to each wireless sensor network node 3 of arranging in advance to propagating all around through concrete dam body.Adopt the wireless sensor network pattern, sensor terminal node and aggregation node can form the network of a self-organization, multi-hop automatically, carrying out when an artificial excitation vibrates operation, a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes 3 can both collect vibration signal, and it is beamed back signal acquisition module, realize that " multicast " gathers.
(7) vibration signal filtering is processed.Concrete dam body can contain unwanted high frequency composition in the analysis in its vibratory response after being subjected to hammering (surging force excitation), and these high frequency compositions can cause aliasing distortion, increases the difficulty that post-processed is analyzed.In native system, adopt the low-pass filtering function of signal condition instrument to realize HFS filtering.
(8) vibration signal amplifies processing.The vibration signal of ARTIFICIAL FORCE hammer excitation is very faint, adopts electric charge or the voltage amplification function of signal condition instrument, realizes the amplification to the collection Vibration Signal in Frequency Domain, so that effective identification and the quantitative test of signal.
(9) for the dam elastic wave CT, needed test data mainly is the positional information of vibration source and acceleration transducer, when the elastic wave between vibration source and the acceleration transducer is walked.These test datas are imported the elastic wave CT software for calculation that is built in computing machine, through just drilling and the inverting iterative computation, can obtain the elastic wave CT figure of dam.
Certainly, the present invention can also have another kind of implementation: a GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component is set in artificial vibration source module 1 is used to vibration source shot point location.Simultaneously, in artificial vibration source module 1, a wireless senser transmission assembly is set, is used for the data that GPS is located and the excited vibration signal that receives pass to vibration signals collecting module 2 in the lump by wireless communication networks wireless senser transmission assembly.At this moment, power hammer and GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component join by signal wire and this wireless senser transmission assembly respectively, and GPS one many antennas of the machine positioning component in the vibration signals collecting module 2 just can have been cancelled.
The benefit of this technical scheme is, vibration signals collecting module 2 is separated with artificial vibration source module 1, need not data line and connects, and can arrange more neatly vibration source and signal acquisition module, or simply realize the distance reception of test data, avoid test process to be subjected to external environmental interference.
Adopt test macro of the present invention, can avoid depending on the not too easily excitation method such as explosive, electric spark, and use lighter power hammer artificial excitation instead, eliminated the secondary harm such as shock wave, noise; Can realize wireless data delivery in the test process, avoid conventional method to lay the very troublesome operation of long data line; Adopt test macro of the present invention, can realize " multicast " test, greatly improved on-site data gathering efficient; Can accurately carry out space orientation to exciting point and sensor network quickly, greatly improve measuring accuracy, significantly reduce field operation surveying work intensity.After adopting electric charge amplification and High frequency filter, make traditional data acquisition system (DAS) can gather and recognize fainter vibration signal, expanded the Validity Test distance of elastic wave, be more applicable for the massive structure as dam.
Claims (6)
1. based on the concrete dam elastic wave CT test macro of wireless sensor network, comprise artificial vibration source module, the one power hammer for generation of the vibrational excitation signal is arranged in this module, it is characterized in that this system is involving vibrations signal acquisition module and wireless sensor module also;
Described vibration signals collecting module comprises the wireless senser transmission assembly, signal condition instrument and the signal sampler that link to each other with computing machine respectively, and wireless senser transmission assembly, signal condition instrument are connected with signal sampler and are connected;
Described wireless sensor module is comprised of a plurality of wireless sensor network nodes, and each wireless sensor network node includes: the Three-component accelerometer that links to each other with control module respectively, GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component and wireless senser transmission assembly;
This system also comprises GPS one many antennas of the machine positioning component that is arranged in artificial vibration source module or the vibration signals collecting module: as be arranged in the artificial vibration source module, then power hammer and GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component join by signal wire and a wireless senser transmission assembly that is arranged in the artificial vibration source module respectively; As be arranged in the vibration signals collecting module, then this assembly directly links to each other with computing machine, and the power hammer is connected with the signal condition instrument through data line.
2. elastic wave CT test macro according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described vibration signals collecting module and each wireless sensor network node include for the power supply to each work package power supply.
3. elastic wave CT test macro according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the control module of described wireless sensor network node is the Single-chip Controlling unit.
4. based on the concrete dam elastic wave CT method of testing of the described system of claim 1, may further comprise the steps:
(1) with each wireless sensor network node, artificial vibration source module and vibration signals collecting module arrangement on dam, the position of wireless sensor network node and artificial vibration source module determines that according to requirement and the focal point of concrete dam CT test section the vibration signals collecting module is in the adjacent position with artificial vibration source module;
(2) before carrying out the dam CT test, each instrument component is carried out self check;
(3) determine separately corresponding wireless sensor network node and manually the volume coordinate position of vibration source module by each GPS one many antennas of machine positioning component, and be stored in computing machine;
(4) artificial vibration source module is carried out vibration-testing, and employing power hammer knocks excited vibration, and percussion power determines that according to the measuring distance size can encourage clear vibration signal as principle, percussion power is ascending to be determined by test;
(5) the excited vibration signal of artificial vibration source module directly transfers to signal acquisition module by the data line that is connected with the power hammer, or is passed to the vibration signals collecting module by the wireless senser transmission assembly;
When (6) artificial vibration source module is carried out excited vibration, vibration signal through concrete dam body to around propagate, when being transmitted to each wireless sensor network node of arranging in advance, pick up through Three-component accelerometer, collect vibration signal, and it is beamed back the vibration signals collecting module, realize that " multicast " gathers;
Test data imports the elastic wave CT software for calculation that is built in computing machine when (7) elastic wave between positional information, vibration source and the acceleration transducer of vibration source and acceleration transducer being walked, through just drilling and the inverting iterative computation, can obtain the elastic wave CT figure of concrete dam.
5. concrete dam elastic wave CT method of testing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the step processed of involving vibrations signal filtering also: utilize the low-pass filtering function of signal condition instrument to realize HFS filtering, remove the high frequency composition that concrete dam body is subjected to the response of surging force excited vibration.
6. concrete dam elastic wave CT method of testing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, also the involving vibrations signal amplifies the step of processing: electric charge or the voltage amplification function of utilizing the signal condition instrument, realization is to the amplification of collection Vibration Signal in Frequency Domain, so that effective identification and the quantitative test of signal.
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| CN201277904Y (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2009-07-22 | 西安理工大学 | Wireless vibration monitoring apparatus for hydroelectric generating set |
| US20090303042A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | National Chiao Tung University | Intruder detection system and method |
| CN101633363A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-01-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Train curve prewarning system and prewarning method of wireless sensor network |
| CN101902831A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-12-01 | 太原理工大学 | Node in wireless sensor network, applicable to detection of mechanical equipment vibration |
| CN201974411U (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | CT (computed tomography) testing system for elastic waves of concrete dam based on wireless sensor network |
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| US20090303042A1 (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-10 | National Chiao Tung University | Intruder detection system and method |
| CN201277904Y (en) * | 2008-09-26 | 2009-07-22 | 西安理工大学 | Wireless vibration monitoring apparatus for hydroelectric generating set |
| CN101633363A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-01-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Train curve prewarning system and prewarning method of wireless sensor network |
| CN101902831A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-12-01 | 太原理工大学 | Node in wireless sensor network, applicable to detection of mechanical equipment vibration |
| CN201974411U (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | CT (computed tomography) testing system for elastic waves of concrete dam based on wireless sensor network |
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