CN102135776A - Industrial robot control system based on visual positioning and control method thereof - Google Patents
Industrial robot control system based on visual positioning and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of a robot, in particular to an industrial robot control system based on visual positioning and a control method thereof. The control system provided by the invention is convenient to operate and has the advantages of simple structure and high efficiency and accuracy. In artificial teaching process, positioning motion control process and oriented motion control process of the control method provided by the invention, the positioning of luminescence mark points or the ends of an operating tool is performed in the coordinates ow, xw, yw and zy of a visual measuring device, thus the control system has no requirement on the motion control accuracy of the robot and the relative position relation of the coordinates of the tool and the coordinates of the robot, and the control method only requires linear motion realized by the rotation of axes from the first axis to the third axis and rotary motion realized by the rotation of axes of axes from the fourth axis to the sixth axis according to the theoretical model of the robot and, thereby fundamentally avoiding the extremely strict requirements on the accuracy of a robot model and the calibrating accuracy of the coordinates of the tool in conventional off-line programming teaching and meeting the operating requirements of a complicated track with high accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the robot field, especially based on the industrial robot control system and the control method thereof of vision localization.
Background technology
Industrial robot has obtained widespread use in each industrial circle, as robot welding, robot spray paint, robot transport etc.Industrial robot replaces manually making repeatably accurate movement in these fields, thereby has guaranteed the consistance of product quality.Robot will finish specific action and must move along particular track, and dual mode planning robot's movement locus is arranged at present, and the one, online teaching, the 2nd, off-line programing teaching.
Online teaching is the handcontrolled manipulation box control robot motion by robot, and the process of online teaching comprises the instrument of installing in the robot that makes, and moves to its operating position as the end of spray gun, welding gun etc., and notes the coordinate in this position robot; Control robot moves to a plurality of positions as required, and writes down these tracks; The track autokinetic movement that writes down when robot is along teaching is then finished specific operation task.It is low that the advantage of this teaching method is that the model accuracy to robot requires, and uses the theoretical model of robot to get final product; In addition, need not demarcate the tool coordinates system of robot.The shortcoming of this method is: not only process is loaded down with trivial details, efficient is low for the online teach programming of (1) robot, take the valuable production time, and make robot system become a relatively independent unit, be difficult to realize seamless integrated with other system or production run; (2) by demonstrator's experience range estimation decision, precision is lower fully for the precision of teaching, is difficult to obtain gratifying teaching effect for complicated weld seam etc.; (3) in the teaching process, manual control robot motion is to a specified point, complicated operating process, and the teaching personnel are tired easily, but also are under robot working space's the hazardous environment.Therefore to be only applicable to movement locus simple for this method, i.e. the occasion that teaching is counted less, accuracy requirement is not high can not satisfy the needs of the flexible production of current short run, many kinds.
The off-line programing mode is adopted in teaching to the compound movement track usually.The off-line programing teaching is based on accurate robot model, and set up tool coordinates system, the coordinate of tool tip is accurately transformed under the robot frame of reference continuous motion track of tool tip when cooking up practical operation according to the cad model of operation workpiece.The realization of this mode is to robot model's precision, and the robot tool coordinate system is established a capital very high accuracy requirement really.
The robot model is the orientation of expression robot end under the robot frame of reference, typically refers to the theoretical model of robot, and theoretical model also is designing a model of robot, the relation when promptly designing between determined bar length and each joint.And the actual manufacturing of robot and installation process can produce error, cause the realistic model of robot and theoretical model that very big-difference is arranged, and use the site error that must cause the robot end as realistic model with theoretical model.For the real model that obtains robot just must be demarcated robot, determine that promptly real joint relation and bar are long.At present, scaling method commonly used is a rotation situation of measuring each joint with three coordinate measuring machine, joint arm measuring machine or laser tracker, thereby determines the axis direction and the position in each joint, rebuilds the robot model with this.Usually gauge point is fixed on the arm in a joint of robot, robot can be turned to a plurality of positions around this joint, utilize measuring machine or laser tracker to measure the position of this gauge point, utilize the coordinate fitting circle of same gauge point under diverse location can get the normal direction of central coordinate of circle and circle, the normal direction of circle can be represented the axis direction in this joint.The error of measuring machine and laser tracker can be brought the site error of gauge point, thereby causes the joints axes error.Therefore, existing scaling method is not greatly improved to the stated accuracy of robot, still can be greater than 1 millimeter through the site error of calibrated robot.
The robot end installs different operation tools all will determine the robot model according to said method with the coordinate conversion of tool tip in the robot frame of reference, only need tool coordinates system is transformed in robot end's coordinate system to get final product.Method commonly used at present is a three point method, thereby this method is the demarcation that three points of hand-guided robot and space contact the implementation tool coordinate system.Yet, in practical operation, be difficult to make the operation tool end to contact with fixed in space point fully, or on contacting fully, have the gap, or both contact amounts be excessive, bump.Therefore, be that finding the solution of parameter certainly exists error to tool coordinates.
In sum, there is following problem in existing robot teaching mode: (1) online teaching operation process is loaded down with trivial details, and efficient and precision are all lower, and it is simpler to be only applicable to operation trace, and the not high occasion of accuracy requirement; (2) the off-line programing teaching requires very high to the solving precision that robot model's precision and tool coordinates is parameter, and the present stated accuracy that robot model's stated accuracy and tool coordinates are parameter is lower, therefore, the path accuracy that off-line programing generates is not high, can not satisfy the action need of high precision complicated track.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of industrial robot control system and control method thereof based on vision localization, its security is good, motion state for operation tool is more prone to monitoring, and accomplishes real-time processing, precision height, can expand the application of robot.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize: a kind of industrial robot control system based on vision localization, this system comprises robot and robot controller, the end of robot is provided with operation tool, wherein, this system also comprises vision measurement device, robot is connected with vision measurement device by robot controller, be fixed with at least four luminescent marking points on the operation tool, first luminescent marking point wherein, line between the second luminescent marking point and the 3rd luminescent marking point, line between the 4th luminescent marking point is perpendicular and meet at a bit, and first gauge point, second gauge point is different with the distance of intersection point, and remaining luminescent marking o'clock is along the line of the first luminescent marking point with the second luminescent marking point, and the 3rd luminescent marking point, the line setting of the 4th luminescent marking point.
Among the present invention, described vision measurement device can be the binocular vision measurement mechanism, and this device is made up of two video cameras, and at a distance of 1.0-2.0m, and the angle between two video cameras is 10 °-25 ° between two video cameras.Described vision measurement device also can adopt monocular vision measurement mechanism or trinocular vision measurement mechanism.The video camera that is adopted can be the industrial digital camera.
The artificial six-joint robot of described machine, seven robots or parallel robot.
Can be fixed with five luminescent marking points on the described operation tool, wherein the 5th luminescent marking point is arranged on the intersection point.Also can be fixed with six luminescent marking points on the described operation tool, wherein the 6th luminescent marking point be arranged on second luminescent marking point under.
The present invention also comprises a kind of industrial robot control method based on vision localization, and this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) vision measurement device is carried out modeling and demarcation:
Each video camera to vision measurement device is set up the pin-hole imaging model, utilize same plane grid target simultaneously each video camera to be demarcated, obtain the unknown parameter in each model, and definite vision measurement device coordinate system o that constitutes by each video camera measurement space point
wx
wy
wz
w, the three-dimensional coordinate of the spatial point that vision measurement device is surveyed is all in this coordinate system;
(2) determining of the identification of luminescent marking point and three-dimensional coordinate:
Each video camera is taken the luminescent marking point respectively, the position of identification luminescent marking point in each width of cloth image, and mate respectively, each monocular vision model simultaneous solution can be obtained each luminescent marking point at vision measurement device coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wIn three-dimensional coordinate;
(3) determining of the terminal three-dimensional coordinate of operation tool:
In luminescent marking point plane, set up two-dimensional coordinate system O
TX
TY
T, be X promptly with the line of crossing the 3rd luminescent marking point, the 4th luminescent marking point
TAxle, the line of crossing first luminescent marking point, the second luminescent marking point is Y
TAxle, the end with operation tool is placed in the taper hole then, and operation tool is rotated around this taper hole, at least rotate to four positions, the invariant position of operation tool end like this, and variation has taken place in the position of luminescent marking point, the three-dimensional coordinate according to each luminescent marking point under each position can be determined O
TCoordinate, according to the O under at least four positions
TCoordinate fitting obtain sphere centre coordinate O
S, this sphere centre coordinate is the operation tool end at vision measurement device coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wUnder three-dimensional coordinate;
(4) artificial teaching process:
Operation tool is taken off from the robot end, with the hand-held flexible motion of staff, the movement locus that needs when walking out real work, track as weld seam, with the movement locus of each luminescent marking point on the vision measurement device real time record operation tool, this movement locus is at vision measurement device coordinate system o in this process
wx
wy
wz
wUnder the 3 d-dem point; Can determine the movement locus and the attitude of operation tool end according to the method in (3) by the movement locus of luminescent marking point;
(5) robot learning process:
After artificial teaching finishes, again operation tool is fixed on the end of robot, the track of walking out when making operation tool walk out artificial teaching once more by the control robot motion, in this process, position by vision measurement device observation luminescent marking point, and be input in the robot controller, robot controller can calculate the position of operation tool end and the attitude of operation tool according to the position of luminous point, poor with the position of the current location of operation tool end and artificial teaching process operation tool tip, and the difference of the attitude of the current attitude of operation tool and the artificial teaching process of operation tool is as the feedback information of robot control, the end that alternately makes operation tool by the setting movement control and the process of decide direction motion control robot end's during along artificial teaching orbiting motion, the attitude when making simultaneously the attitude of operation tool with artificial teaching process under each terminal position is identical.
Among the present invention, in the described setting movement control procedure, the current location of operation tool end is defined as current point, makes the operation tool end point out from current that to be sent to impact point close, the coordinate of current point and impact point all is at vision measurement device coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wDown, ideal model according to robot, utilize its first to the 3rd can set up along three directions and make straight-line model, i.e. rotation by first to the 3rd realizes the rectilinear motion along three directions: first to three of robot that control has operation tool makes robot move along the Z direction, and the position of real-time calculating operation tool tip, obtain poor between terminal current location and the target location, when the operation tool end when impact point is nearest, write down Z coordinate at this moment; Then first of control robot to three rotation make robot along X to moving, and record decision operation tool tip is to the distance of impact point, record distance X coordinate hour, next make robot along Y to moving, record along Y to the Y coordinate of back tool tip when impact point is nearest that move.Several steps can make operation tool terminal near impact point on the process.
Describedly decide in the direction motion control process, with Y
TThe direction of direction indication operation tool be attitude, from current point, around the 4th rotation of robot, work as Y earlier
THour write down the 4th angle with the direction vector angle of impact point; Around the 5th rotation, work as Y again
THour write down the 5th angle with the direction vector angle of impact point; Around the 6th rotation, work as Y at last
THour write down the 6th angle, at this moment Y with the direction vector angle of impact point
TDirection near the direction of impact point.
The setting movement control procedure is whenever carried out a step can make the operation tool end near impact point, same decide direction motion control process and whenever carry out a step and also can make the attitude of the attitude of operation tool near artificial teaching, so setting movement control and decide position and the attitude all approaching manually position and the attitude of teaching that the process of direction motion control hockets and makes robot.When the direction of the position of operation tool end and the operation tool deviation during with artificial teaching is in allowed band, note the current angle of six axles of robot, robot has just finished the study of a position like this, and in kind robot can carry out the study of other positions.Continuous path during with artificial teaching is separated into several positions, as long as robot finishes track identical in the time of just can walking out with artificial teaching to the study of these positions; Robot finishes the position of writing down when motion after the study is repetitive learning, no longer needs vision measurement device that it is monitored in the motion process.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the first, control system of the present invention is simple in structure, and is easy to operate, and efficient and precision are all very high; The second, artificial teaching process, the setting movement control procedure of control method of the present invention and deciding in the direction motion control process all is at vision measurement device coordinate system o to the location of luminescent marking point or operation tool end
wx
wy
wz
wUnder, therefore the motion control precision to robot does not require, tool coordinates system is not required with robot coordinate system's relative position relation, as long as the theoretical model according to robot rotates the realization rectilinear motion by first to the 3rd, rotate realizing rotatablely moving for the 4th to the 6th get final product, the extremely requirement of strictness that when fundamentally having avoided conventional off-line programing teaching robot model's precision and tool coordinates has been stated accuracy; The 3rd, the robot model is simple relatively, and the theoretical model when designing with robot is fully done controlling models, and does not need the precision of robot is debugged especially; The 4th, vision measurement device is can many robots shared, by the setting movement control procedure with decide after direction motion control process forms stable motion path, as long as robot has better repeatability, and operation tool is fixing reliable, do not have change in location just can move repeatedly and finish same task, therefore can realize many shared binocular vision measurement mechanisms of robot, save cost along this path; The 5th, this method has very strong adaptability to workpiece location and putting position, as long as workpiece is placed in the working range of robot, having overcome the off-line programing teaching needs the accurate shortcoming of determining initial point; The 6th, this method is carried out closed-loop control to robot based on the vision measurement system on highest level, and greatly reducing robot model, tool coordinates is the accuracy requirement of intermediate links such as parameter, can expand the application of robot; The 7th, this method is safe, is more prone to monitoring for the abnormality of instrument, and accomplishes real-time processing, reduces because control or the economic loss that cooperates fault to cause.In sum, operating process of the present invention is simple, and efficient and precision height can satisfy the operation requirement of high precision complicated track.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the structural representation of the industrial robot control system of vision localization;
Fig. 2 is the distribution schematic diagram of luminescent marking point among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that the terminal three-dimensional coordinate of operation tool is determined;
Fig. 4 be among the embodiment 1 the operation tool end at gauge point three-dimensional system of coordinate O
TX
TY
TZ
TUnder coordinate;
Fig. 5 is the movement locus of setting movement control procedure operation tool end among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 6 is the movement locus of directed movement process operation instrument among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 7 is the distribution schematic diagram of luminescent marking point among the embodiment 2;
Fig. 8 is the distribution schematic diagram of luminescent marking point among the embodiment 3.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 to Fig. 6 is embodiment 1 described industrial robot control system and a control method thereof based on vision localization.Described industrial robot control system as shown in Figure 1, this system comprises robot 1, robot controller 2 and vision measurement device, described vision measurement device is a binocular vision measurement mechanism 3, robot 1 adopts six-joint robot, end is provided with operation tool 5, robot 1 is connected with binocular vision measurement mechanism 3 by robot controller 2, robot controller 2 with the locating information of binocular vision measurement mechanism 3 as feedback information.Luminescent marking point 4 is fixed on the operation tool 5 of robot, and 3 pairs of luminescent marking points 4 of binocular vision measurement mechanism are measured in real time, by just can determine the movement locus of robot end's operation tool to the measurement of luminescent marking point.In the position input robot controller 2 of binocular vision measurement mechanism 3 with operation tool 5 ends that record, robot controller 2 carries out contrary separating according to the robot theoretical model, sends robot 1 to, and control robot 1 motion.Be fixed with flat board on the described operation tool, flat board is provided with four luminescent marking points 4, the i.e. first luminescent marking point 4A, the second luminescent marking point 4B, the 3rd luminescent marking point 4C and the 4th luminescent marking point 4D, wherein the line between line between the first luminescent marking point 4A, the second luminescent marking point 4B and the 3rd luminescent marking point 4C, the 4th luminescent marking point 4D is perpendicular and to meet at any be the O point, and the first luminescent marking point 4A, the second luminescent marking point 4B are different with distance between the O point.Binocular vision measurement mechanism 3 is made up of two video cameras, and at a distance of 1-2m, and the angle between two video cameras is 15-25 ° between two video cameras.
Utilize said system to realize that the method for industrial robot motion control is as described below:
(1) the binocular vision measurement mechanism is carried out modeling and demarcation:
Utilize the three-dimensional coordinate of these two video camera measurement space points at first to demarcate it, each video camera is set up the pin-hole imaging model, model is as follows:
Wherein, r
1～r
9Be the rotating vector that camera coordinates is tied to world coordinate system, t
x, t
y, t
zBe translational movement, f is a focal length, u
0, v
0Be the computer picture center, more than these parameters are unknown parameters, need come determine by demarcating.(u v) is the computer picture pixel, (x
w, y
w, z
w) be the coordinate in the three-dimensional world coordinate system, utilize same plane grid target simultaneously two video cameras to be demarcated, obtain the unknown parameter in each self model, and definite binocular vision measurement mechanism coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
w
(2) determining of the identification of luminescent marking point and three-dimensional coordinate:
The distribution of luminescent marking point as shown in Figure 2, the distance that intersection point O point is 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D to these four luminescent marking points all is known, in two video cameras, take this four gauge points simultaneously, because the distance that 4A point, 4B point are ordered to O is different, can discern the position of a gauge point in two width of cloth images in view of the above, realize coupling, two monocular vision model simultaneous solutions can be got each luminescent marking point at binocular vision measurement mechanism coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wIn three-dimensional coordinate;
(3) determining of the terminal three-dimensional coordinate of operation tool:
Can determine the three-dimensional coordinate of operation tool end according to the coordinate of four luminescent marking points,, in luminescent marking point plane, set up two-dimensional coordinate system O as Fig. 2
TX
TY
T, promptly the line of ordering with mistake the 3rd luminescent marking point 4C, the 4th luminescent marking point 4D is X
TAxle, the line of crossing the first luminescent marking point 4A, the second luminescent marking point 4B is Y
TAxle, the end with operation tool is placed in the taper hole then, makes operation tool around this taper hole rotation, the invariant position of operation tool end like this, luminescent marking point rotates to four positions at least, and as Fig. 3, the three-dimensional coordinate according to four luminescent marking points under each position can be determined O
TCoordinate, according to the O under four positions
TThe coordinate fitting ball obtain sphere centre coordinate O
S, this sphere centre coordinate is the operation tool end at o
wx
wy
wz
wUnder coordinate;
(4) artificial teaching process:
The teaching process is artificial teaching, fixing luminescent marking point on operation tool, operation tool can be taken off from the robot end, with the hand-held flexible motion of staff, the movement locus that needs when walking out real work, as shown in Figure 1, the terminal track that moves along the weld seam 7 that is operated workpiece 6 of welding gun during welding; In the process of artificial teaching, use the movement locus of each luminescent marking point on the binocular vision measurement mechanism real time record operation tool, this movement locus is the 3 d-dem point under visual coordinate system, this movement locus can use in the individual robot of specification different accuracy of the same race, also can use in dissimilar even the diverse robot of structure;
As Fig. 4, in the first luminescent marking point 4A position, according to sphere centre coordinate O
STo coordinate plane O
TX
TY
TDistance, the two-dimensional coordinate system of the luminescent marking point at position 4A place expanded be three-dimensional system of coordinate O
TX
TY
TZ
T, sphere centre coordinate O then
STo coordinate plane O
TX
TY
TDistance be the Z of this three-dimensional system of coordinate
TCoordinate, O
SAt gauge point X
TY
TThe coordinate of the subpoint of coordinate plane is the X and Y coordinates of tool tip at gauge point, can determine that like this operation tool end is at gauge point three-dimensional system of coordinate O
TX
TY
TZ
TUnder coordinate, thereby can determine the movement locus of tool tip by the track of luminescent marking point;
By CAD software or CAM software the teaching track that generates in the artificial teaching process is carried out fairing processing, be input to then in the robot controller 2, use for the motion control in the robot learning process;
(5) robot learning process:
After artificial teaching finishes, operation tool 5 is fixed on the end of robot 1, the track of walking out when making operation tool 5 walk out artificial teaching once more by control robot 1 motion, in this process, position by binocular vision measurement mechanism 3 observation luminescent marking points, and in the input robot controller 2, robot controller 2 calculates the track of luminescent marking point 4 in real time, the alternate position spike of luminescent marking point 4 during with artificial teaching with the current location of luminescent marking point 4, robot end's orbiting motion by setting movement control and when decide end that the direction motion control makes operation tool 5 along artificial teaching, the attitude in the time of can also guaranteeing the attitude of operation tool 5 with artificial teaching simultaneously is identical; The artificial six-joint robot of machine that the present invention uses, first to three of six-joint robot is mainly used to finish the allocation motion, mainly finish for the 4th to six and decide the direction motion, utilize first to three hypothetical machine human model of being set up the rotation of three axles can be converted into rectilinear motion; Utilize the 4th to the six hypothetical machine human model of being set up to realize the rotation of operation tool.Following mask body is introduced the setting movement control procedure and is decided direction motion control process.
In the setting movement control procedure, curve as shown in Figure 5 is the movement locus of the operation tool end of artificial teaching formation, the current location of operation tool is defined as current point, make operation tool point out from current that to be sent to impact point E close, the coordinate of current point and impact point all is at binocular vision measurement mechanism coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wDown, in the motion control process, first to three rotation of control robot 1 makes robot move along the Z direction, and the position of real-time calculating operation tool tip, obtain poor between terminal current location and the target location, as Fig. 5, this difference diminishes during the ascending variation of Z value, hour terminal nearest when this difference from impact point, write down Z coordinate at this moment; Then first of control robot to three rotations make robot along X to moving, and record decision operation tool tip is to the distance of impact point, record distance X coordinate hour, next make first to three rotation of robot make robot along Y to moving, through the front along Z to X to move, can be near impact point along Y to moving back operation tool end.
In deciding direction motion control process, as shown in Figure 6, the direction that can change operation tool 5 around the 4th to six rotation of robot is an attitude.With Y
TThe direction of direction indication operation tool, from current point,, work as Y earlier around the 4th rotation
THour write down the 4th angle with the direction vector angle of impact point E; Around the 5th rotation, work as Y again
THour write down the 5th angle with the direction vector angle of impact point E; Around the 6th rotation, work as Y at last
THour write down the 6th angle, at this moment Y with the direction vector angle of impact point E
TDirection and the direction of impact point E very approaching.
The setting movement control procedure is whenever carried out a step can make the operation tool end near impact point, decides the attitude of direction motion control process when whenever carrying out attitude that a step also can make operation tool near artificial teaching equally.Setting movement control and the process of decide the direction motion control hocket the position that makes robot and attitude all near the position and the attitude of manually teaching.
Artificial teaching process, setting movement control procedure and decide in the direction motion control process all are at binocular vision measurement mechanism coordinate system o to the location of luminescent marking point 4 or operation tool 5 ends
wx
wy
wz
wUnder.Approximate algorithm from current to impact point in the motion process also is under binocular vision measurement mechanism coordinate system, therefore the motion control precision to robot does not require, tool coordinates system is not required with robot coordinate system's positioning relation, as long as the theoretical model according to robot makes first to three to realize rectilinear motion, the the 4th to six realization rotatablely moves and gets final product, demarcate the extremely strict requirement of robot model and tool coordinates system when fundamentally having avoided conventional off-line programing teaching, the robot model is simple relatively simultaneously, theoretical model when designing with robot is fully done controlling models, does not need the precision of robot is debugged especially.
Vision measurement device can be shared by many robots, by the setting movement control procedure with decide after direction motion control process forms stable motion path, as long as robot has better repeatability, and operation tool is fixing reliable, do not have change in location just can move repeatedly and finish same task along this path, therefore can realize many shared binocular vision measurement mechanisms of robot, save cost.
Six-joint robot of the present invention can be replaced by seven robots or parallel robot.In the present embodiment, described binocular vision measurement mechanism also can be by replacements such as monocular vision measurement mechanism or trinocular vision measurement mechanisms.When adopting the monocular vision measurement mechanism, the distance between each luminescent marking point has strict regulation; And adopt binocular vision measurement mechanism, trinocular vision measurement mechanism or more during the used for multi-vision visual measurement mechanism, distance between each luminescent marking point is not required, and the order number of the vision measurement device that adopts is many more, can observe the luminescent marking point from more perspective, the scope that robot allows to change increases.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 7, as different from Example 1, being fixed with five luminescent marking points on the described operation tool, is respectively the first gauge point 4A, the second gauge point 4B, the 3rd gauge point 4C, the 4th gauge point 4D and the 5th gauge point 4E.Wherein the line of the line of the first gauge point 4A, the second gauge point 4B and the 3rd gauge point 4C, the 4th gauge point 4D is perpendicular, and intersects at a point, and the 5th gauge point 4E is positioned on this intersection point.The gauge point that distributes is many more, and single luminescent marking point is more little to the influence of action accuracy.
Other is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 8, as different from Example 1, being fixed with six luminescent marking points on the described operation tool, is respectively the first gauge point 4A, the second gauge point 4B, the 3rd gauge point 4C, the 4th gauge point 4D, the 5th gauge point 4E and the 6th gauge point 4F.Wherein the line of the line of the first gauge point 4A, the second gauge point 4B and the 3rd gauge point 4C, the 4th gauge point 4D is perpendicular, and intersects at a point, and the 5th gauge point 4E is positioned on this intersection point, the 6th gauge point 4F be positioned at the second gauge point 4B under.
More luminescent marking point also can be set on the operation tool, and luminescent marking point is all along the line setting of line and the 3rd gauge point 4C, the 4th gauge point 4D of the first gauge point 4A and the second gauge point 4B.
Other is with embodiment 1.
Claims (8)
1. industrial robot control system based on vision localization, this system comprises robot (1) and robot controller (2), the end of robot (1) is provided with operation tool (5), it is characterized in that: this system also comprises vision measurement device, robot (1) is connected with vision measurement device by robot controller (2), be fixed with at least four luminescent marking points (4) on the operation tool (5), first luminescent marking point (4A) wherein, line between second luminescent marking point (4B) and the 3rd luminescent marking point (4C), line between the 4th luminescent marking point (4D) is perpendicular and meet at a bit, and first gauge point (4A), second gauge point (4B) is different with the distance of intersection point, and remaining luminescent marking o'clock is along the line of first luminescent marking point (4A) with second luminescent marking point (4B), and the 3rd luminescent marking point (4C), the line setting of the 4th luminescent marking point (4D).
2. the industrial robot control system based on vision localization according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vision measurement device is binocular vision measurement mechanism (3), this device is made up of two video cameras, at a distance of 1-2m, and the angle between two video cameras is 15-25 ° between two video cameras.
3. the industrial robot control system based on vision localization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described vision measurement device is monocular vision measurement mechanism or trinocular vision measurement mechanism.
4. the industrial robot control system based on vision localization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described robot (1) is six-joint robot, seven robots or parallel robot.
5. the industrial robot control system based on vision localization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be fixed with five luminescent marking points (4) on the described operation tool (5), the 5th luminescent marking point (4E) is arranged on the intersection point.
6. control method of utilizing the described industrial robot control system based on vision localization of claim 1 is characterized in that this method may further comprise the steps:
(1) vision measurement device is carried out modeling and demarcation:
Each video camera to vision measurement device is set up the pin-hole imaging model, utilize same plane grid target simultaneously each video camera to be demarcated, obtain the location parameter in each model, and definite vision measurement device coordinate system o that constitutes by each video camera measurement space point
wx
wy
wz
w
(2) determining of the identification of luminescent marking point and three-dimensional coordinate:
Each video camera is taken the luminescent marking point respectively, the position of identification luminescent marking point in each width of cloth image, and mate respectively, each monocular vision model simultaneous solution can be obtained each luminescent marking point at vision measurement device coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wIn three-dimensional coordinate;
(3) determining of the terminal three-dimensional coordinate of operation tool:
In luminescent marking point plane, set up two-dimensional coordinate system O
TX
TY
T, be X promptly with the line of crossing the 3rd luminescent marking point (4C), the 4th luminescent marking point (4D)
TAxle, the line of crossing first luminescent marking point (4A), second luminescent marking point (4B) is Y
TAxle, the end with operation tool is placed in the taper hole then, makes the stationkeeping of operation tool end, and operation tool rotates to four positions at least around this taper hole rotation, and the three-dimensional coordinate according to each luminescent marking point under each position can be determined O
TCoordinate, according to the O under at least four positions
TCoordinate fitting obtain sphere centre coordinate O
S, this sphere centre coordinate is the operation tool end at vision measurement device coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wUnder three-dimensional coordinate;
(4) artificial teaching process:
Operation tool is taken off from the robot end, with the hand-held flexible motion of staff, the movement locus that needs when walking out real work, with the movement locus of each luminescent marking point in the operation of vision measurement device real time record, this movement locus is at vision measurement device coordinate system o in this process
wx
wy
wz
wUnder the 3 d-dem point, determine the attitude of the movement locus and the operation tool of operation tool end by the track of luminescent marking point;
(5) robot learning process:
After artificial teaching finishes, again operation tool (5) is fixed on the end of robot (1), the track that operation tool (5) is walked out by control robot (1) motion when walking out artificial teaching once more, in this process, position by vision measurement device observation luminescent marking point (4), and in the input robot controller (2), robot controller (2) is according to the position of the real-time calculating operation instrument in the position of luminescent marking point (5) end and the attitude of operation tool (5), poor with the terminal position of terminal current location of operation tool (5) and artificial teaching process operation instrument (5), and the difference of the attitude of the current attitude of operation tool (5) and artificial teaching process operation instrument (5) is as the feedback information of robot control, the end that alternately makes operation tool (5) by the setting movement control and the process of decide direction motion control robot end's during along artificial teaching orbiting motion, the attitude when making simultaneously the attitude of operation tool (5) with artificial teaching process under each terminal position is identical.
7. the industrial robot control method based on vision localization according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: in the described setting movement control procedure, the current location of operation tool end is defined as current point, make the operation tool end point out from current that to be sent to impact point close, the coordinate of current point and impact point all is at vision measurement device coordinate system o
wx
wy
wz
wDown, first to three rotation of robot (1) that control has operation tool (5) makes robot move along the Z direction, and the position of calculating operation tool tip in real time, obtains poor between terminal current location and the target location, when tool tip when impact point is nearest, write down Z coordinate at this moment; Then first of control robot to three rotations make robot along X to moving, and record decision operation tool tip is to the distance of impact point, record distance X coordinate hour, next first to the three rotary machine people who makes robot along Y to moving, along Y to the back operation tool end that moves near impact point.
8. the industrial robot control method based on vision localization according to claim 6 is characterized in that: describedly decide in the direction motion control process, with Y
TThe direction of direction indication operation tool be attitude, from current point, around the 4th rotation of robot, work as Y earlier
THour write down the 4th angle with the direction vector angle of impact point; Around the 5th rotation, work as Y again
THour write down the 5th angle with the direction vector angle of impact point; Around the 6th rotation, work as Y at last
THour write down the 6th angle, at this moment Y with the direction vector angle of impact point
TDirection near the direction of impact point.
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