CN102128142A - 风力设备组件的硼基硬质材料覆层 - Google Patents

风力设备组件的硼基硬质材料覆层 Download PDF

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CN102128142A
CN102128142A CN2011100074162A CN201110007416A CN102128142A CN 102128142 A CN102128142 A CN 102128142A CN 2011100074162 A CN2011100074162 A CN 2011100074162A CN 201110007416 A CN201110007416 A CN 201110007416A CN 102128142 A CN102128142 A CN 102128142A
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hard material
coating
wind energy
material layer
energy facility
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A·C·霍勒
C·霍曼
C·库默
H·克尔平
Y·李
B·彻姆乔亚
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/95—Preventing corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/10—Inorganic materials, e.g. metals
    • F05B2280/102—Light metals
    • F05B2280/1023—Boron
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05B2280/5007—Hardness
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05B2280/501—Self lubricating materials; Solid lubricants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6011—Coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种风力设备组件的硼基硬质材料覆层。风力设备（1），它包括至少一个具有表面（12）的组件（10）。该表面（12）至少部分地以硬质材料层（13）、优选以硼基硬质材料层覆层。

Description

风力设备组件的硼基硬质材料覆层
技术领域
本发明涉及风力设备、风场和一种用于改善风力设备组件表面特性的方法。
背景技术
为了保证所期待的风力设备使用寿命，有效地减少安装在内部的机械组件的磨损。同时在经济性方面有效地改善设备效率。
目前在风力设备中使用热的硬化工艺和改性的润滑剂，用于尤其使机械组件的磨损最小化或用于改善效率。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是，提供有利的风力设备供使用。本发明的第二目的是，提供有利的风场供使用。此外本发明的第三目的是，提供一种有利的用于改善风力设备组件表面特性的方法。
第一目的通过如权利要求1所述的风力设备得以实现。第二目的通过如权利要求8所述的风场得以实现。第三目的通过如权利要求9所述的用于改善风力设备组件表面特性的方法得以实现。从属权利要求包括本发明的其它有利扩展结构。
按照本发明的风力设备包括至少一个具有表面的组件。该表面至少部分地以硬质材料层覆层。所述组件尤其可以是机械组件。硬质材料层同时提供高能力，不仅减小磨损而且提高相互间相对运动部件的效率。在本发明的意义上，机械组件尤其指的是这样的组件，它具有机械功能或者处于机械负荷下。
有利地可以使所述表面至少部分地以硼基硬质材料层覆层。硼基硬质材料层除了硬质材料层的一般优点还具有自润滑的特性。通过硼基硬质材料层的自润滑特性显著地改善各元件的应急工作特性。此外也改善各组件的失效特性。此外硼与自由水反应成硼酸，它起到润滑剂作用并且减小或避免在润滑剂中产生自由水。
所述硼基硬质材料层尤其可以包括硼化物。如上所述，覆层具有自润滑特性。
此外所述组件的表面包括钢或由钢制成。钢表面至少部分地以硬质材料层、优选以硼基硬质材料层覆层。钢可以是硬化的或非硬化的钢。
所述风力设备组件可以是塔架、机舱、转子、转子轮毂、转子叶片、传动机构、传动机构元件、制动器、旋转轴或发电机元件，尤其是发电机的机械元件。
所述硬质材料层的层厚为10nm至1000μm之间，有利地为10nm至10μm之间或100μm至1000μm之间。按照本发明元件的表面仅仅部分地、但是也可完全地以硬质材料覆层。
例如所述表面可以包括未硬化的钢并且在表面上涂覆富硼物质。接着可以执行热处理。以这种方式可以产生几百μm、例如100μm至1000μm之间厚的覆层。对此备选地可以使表面包括硬化的钢并且通过物理气相沉积覆层。在这种方法中可以产生10nm至10μm之间厚的覆层。
所述硬质材料层、尤其是硼基硬质材料层原则上也可以起到各组件的防腐蚀作用。
按照本发明的风场包括至少一个按照本发明的风力设备。该风场具有与上述按照本发明的风力设备相同的特性和优点。因此请参阅按照本发明的风力设备的实施例。
按照本发明的用于改善风力设备组件特性的方法的特征在于，所述表面至少部分地以硬质材料覆层。所述组件优选是机械组件。有利地可以使表面至少部分地以硼基硬质材料覆层。对于硬质材料层尤其是硼基硬质材料层的优点请参阅上述的按照本发明的风力设备的实施例。所述表面优选可以以硼化物覆层。
借助于按照本发明的方法例如可以提高效率和/或耐磨性、尤其是冲击面或轴承面。所实现的覆层除了减小磨损和提高效率也可以作为防腐蚀。
在按照本发明方法的范围内所述组件的表面仅仅部分地、但是也可以完全地以硬质材料覆层。所述表面例如可以通过硼化或物理气相沉积（physical vapor deposition，PVD）覆层。在硼化时尤其可以首先将富硼物质涂覆在表面上。接着可以执行热处理。
此外所述表面可以包括钢。钢可以是硬化或非硬化的钢。硬质材料可以至少部分地涂覆到钢上。
优选可以使所述表面至少部分地以硬质材料覆层，尤其以硼基硬质材料在层厚为10nm至1000μm之间覆层。有利地在物理气相沉积情况下以10nm至10μm之间的层厚并且在硼化情况下以100μm至1000μm之间的层厚覆层。
附图说明
下面借助于附图中的实施例详细解释本发明的其它特征、特性和优点。附图中：
图1简示出风力设备，
图2简示出风力设备组件的部分截面图。
具体实施方式
下面借助于图1和2详细解释本发明的实施例。图1简示出风力设备1。该风力设备1包括塔架2、机舱3和转子轮毂4。该机舱3设置在塔架2上。在机舱3上设置可旋转支承的转子轮毂4。在转子轮毂4上固定至少一个转子叶片5。
所述风力设备1还包括至少一个旋转轴6、传动机构7、制动器8和发电机9。该旋转轴6、传动机构7、制动器8和发电机9设置在机舱3内部。原则上可在传动机构7里面实现轴间距。不同的组件因此也可以具有不同的旋转轴。
图2简示出风力设备1的机械组件10部分截面图。所述机械组件10例如是塔架2、机舱、转子轮毂4、转子叶片5、传动机构7、制动器8、旋转轴6或发电机9。该机械组件10同样也可以是上述组件的元件
所述机械组件10在本实施例中包括硬化或非硬化的钢11。钢11包括表面12，它以硬质材料层13覆层。所述硬质材料层优选是硼基硬质材料层。
所述硬质材料层在硬化钢情况下例如借助于物理气相沉积涂覆在钢11的表面12上。该硬质材料层13的层厚14为10nm至100μm之间。硬质材料层的厚度优选最多几μm、尤其最多10μm。
硼基硬质材料层在未硬化钢情况下例如通过硼化涂覆在钢11的表面12上。在此首先将富硼物质涂覆在表面12上，接着进行热处理。该硬质材料层13在这种情况下的层厚14为100μm至1000μm之间。

Claims (14)

1. 风力设备（1），它包括至少一个具有表面（12）的组件（10），其特征在于，该表面（12）至少部分地以硬质材料层（13）覆层。
2. 如权利要求1所述的风力设备（1），其特征在于，所述表面（12）至少部分地以硼基硬质材料层覆层。
3. 如权利要求2所述的风力设备（1），其特征在于，所述硼基硬质材料层包括硼化物。
4. 如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的风力设备（1），其特征在于，所述组件（10）的表面（12）包括钢，其中钢表面（12）至少部分地以硬质材料层（13）覆层。
5. 如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的风力设备（1），其特征在于，所述组件（10）是塔架（2）、机舱（3）、转子、转子轮毂（4）、转子叶片（5）、传动机构（7）、传动机构元件、制动器（8）、旋转轴（6）或发电机（9）的元件。
6. 如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的风力设备（1），其特征在于，所述硬质材料层（13）的层厚（14）为10nm至1000μm之间。
7. 如权利要求6所述的风力设备（1），其特征在于，所述硬质材料层（13）的层厚（14）为10nm至10μm之间或100μm至1000μm之间。
8. 风场，包括至少一个如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的风力设备（1）。
9. 一种用于改善风力设备（1）的组件（10）的表面（12）的特性的方法，其特征在于，所述表面（12）至少部分地以硬质材料（13）覆层。
10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面（12）至少部分地以硼基硬质材料覆层。
11. 如权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面（12）以硼化物覆层。
12. 如权利要求9至11中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面（12）通过硼化或通过物理气相沉积覆层。
13. 如权利要求9至12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面（12）包括钢并且所述硬质材料至少部分地涂覆到钢上。
14. 如权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述表面（12）至少部分地以硬质材料覆层，其层厚（14）为10nm至1000μm之间。
CN2011100074162A 2010-01-14 2011-01-14 风力设备组件的硼基硬质材料覆层 Pending CN102128142A (zh)

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