CN102117876A - 半导体封装结构 - Google Patents
半导体封装结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种半导体封装结构,包括有一具有一延伸部与一连接部的引线框、一具有一上表面与一下表面的散热平板、至少一设置于该散热平板的该上表面的芯片、至少一用以电性连接该芯片与该引线框的导线、以及一封装胶体。该封装胶体包覆该引线框、该散热平板、该芯片与该导线,且该散热平板的该下表面与该引线框的该延伸部暴露于该封装胶体之外。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关一种半导体封装结构,尤指一种包括发光二极管(light-emittingdiode,LED)的半导体封装结构。
背景技术
随着发光二极管的发展,发光二极管越来越广泛地应用于显示器背光源、汽车灯源以及照明领域中。由于发光二极管是个光电组件,接受电力后将电能转换为光能与热能,然而在操作过程中仅有15~25%的电能转换成光能,其余的电能几乎都转换成热能。若这些热能无法及时地排除,将使发光二极管芯片的结温(junction temperature)在操作时持续升高,导致发光二极管芯片发光效率下降、发光二极管封装结构本体甚至封装材料的劣化加速以及使用寿命衰减。因此,发光二极管芯片的热管理问题一直都受到业界的重视。
请参阅图1,图1为一公知表面黏着元件(surface-mounted device,SMD)型发光二极管封装结构的俯视图。如图1所示,公知表面黏着元件型发光二极管封装结构100包括一引线框102,引线框102则包括一承载部102a与延伸部102b。承载部102a的表面设置有一发光二极管芯片110。发光二极管芯片110包括有一正电极与一负电极(图未示),并分别利用一导线112a、112b与引线框102电性连接。
请继续参阅图1。表面黏着元件型发光二极管封装结构100更包括一封装外壳120,其包括聚碳酸酯树脂(polycarbonate,PC resin)与二氧化钛(TiO2),并利用注射成型(injection molding)工艺而形成一白色杯壳。引线框102则利用埋入成型(insert molding)工艺埋设于封装外壳120内;其延伸部102b则延伸而外露出封装外壳120,用以作为电性接点。之后,利用一环氧树脂(epoxy)、一硅胶、或一可透光材料填入封装外壳120中,再使其固化形成具有保护功能的封胶122。
一般来说,表面黏着元件型发光二极管封装结构100的热传导途径是由引线框102传导至外界,因此在封装设计上,业界常以增加引线框102的延伸部102b或整体封装的表面积等方法增加散热面积,以大幅降低延伸部102b与外部的热阻值。或者,以改变引线框102的材质,增加引线框102的热传导速率。然而,随着表面黏着元件型发光二极管封装结构100功率的提高,增加延伸部102b散热面积以降低热阻抗的方式已不敷现今的散热要求;采用其它材质的引线框102则须面对成本考虑。此外,直接采用引线框102作为散热途径,亦可能因表面黏着元件型发光二极管封装结构1 00在操作时产生的高热影响组件的电性表现。因此,如何能提供一种具有优良散热效率的表面黏着元件型发光二极管封装结构,仍为业界致力研究的范畴。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一目的为提供一种具有优良散热功能的半导体封装结构。
根据本发明所提供的权利要求,提供了一种半导体封装结构,该半导体封装结构包括一具有一延伸部与一连接部的引线框、一具有一上表面与一下表面的散热平板、至少一设置于该散热平板的该上表面的芯片、至少一用以电性连接该芯片与该引线框的导线、以及一封装胶体。该封装胶体包覆该引线框、该散热平板、该芯片与该导线,且该散热平板的该下表面与该引线框的该延伸部暴露于该封装胶体之外。
根据本发明所提供的权利要求,另提供一种发光二极管封装结构。该发光二极管封装结构包括一具有一延伸部的引线框、一具有一上表面与一下表面的散热平板、至少一设置于该散热平板的该上表面上的发光二极管芯片、至少一用以电性连接该发光二极管芯片与该引线框的导线、以及一封装胶体。该封装胶体更包括一包覆该发光二极管芯片与该导线的透光部,以及一外壳。该外壳包括一第一凹杯与一第二凹杯,且该引线框设置于该第一凹杯的底部;而该散热平板则设置于该第二凹杯的底部。
本发明所提供的半导体封装结构与发光二极管封装结构是利用散热平板作为一热电分离的管道:芯片的电连接路径由导线与引线框建构,而其热传导路径则由散热平板提供。因此可避免封装结构产生的高热影响其电性表现,同时利用散热平板将热迅速而有效地传导出去。此外,利用具有第一凹杯与第二凹杯的封装胶体外壳,可增加发光二极管封装结构的发光效率,并可增加其封装胶体与引线框的密合度。
附图说明
图1为一公知表面封装型发光二极管封装结构的剖面示意图;
图2为本发明所提供的半导体封装结构的一第一优选实施例的俯视图;
图3为该半导体封装结构的一剖面示意图;
图4为该半导体封装结构的一仰视图;
图5为第一优选实施例的一变化型的剖面示意图;
图6为本发明所提供的半导体封装结构的一第二优选实施例的剖面示意图;
图7为第二优选实施例的一变化型的剖面示意图。
其中,附图标记说明如下:
100 表面黏着型发光二极管封装结构
102 引线框 102a 承载部
102b 延伸部 110 发光二极管芯片
112a、112b 导线 120 封装外壳
122 封胶
200、200a 半导体封装结构/发光二极管封装结构
202 引线框 202a 延伸部
202b 连接部 204 散热平板
204a 上表面 204b 下表面
206 发光二极管芯片 206a 芯片
206b 芯片 206c 芯片
208 导线 210 封装胶体
212 外壳 214 透光部
212a 第一凹杯 212b 第二凹杯
220 第一斜面 222 第二斜面
具体实施方式
请参阅图2至图4,图2与图4分别为本发明所提供的半导体封装结构的一第一优选实施例的俯视图与仰示图;图3则为该半导体封装结构的剖面图。如图2至图4所示,本发明所提供的半导体封装结构200包括一引线框(leadframe)202,其具有一延伸部202a与一连接部202b。引线框202更可包括一公知的反射层(图未示),用以提升反射效率。发光二极管封装结构200更包括一散热平板(dissipating plate)204,其具有一上表面204a与一下表面204b。散热平板204包括金属材料或非金属材料,金属材料可为金、银、铜、铝或上述材料的组合;而非金属材料则可为石墨、硅、陶瓷或上述材料的组合。
在散热平板204的上表面204a上,设置有一发光二极管芯片206。值得注意的是,本发明所提供的半导体封装结构是以发光二极管芯片为例示说明,因此以下将半导体封装结构直接以发光二极管封装结构称之,但所属领域技术人员应知,该半导体封装结构可包括各型芯片,而不限于发光二极管芯片。本第一优选实施例所提供的发光二极管芯片206至少包括一半导体叠层、一正电极与一负电极(图皆未示),半导体叠层包括一n型外延层、一p型外延层,以及设置于n型外延层与p型外延层之间的活性层,上述膜层与正负电极皆为所属领域技术人员应知,故于此不再赘述。发光二极管封装结构200尚包括至少一导线208,用以电性连接发光二极管芯片206与引线框202的连接部202b。此外,发光二极管封装结构200更包括一封装胶体210,其包覆引线框202、散热平板204、发光二极管芯片206与导线208。但引线框202的延伸部202a与散热平板204的下表面204b暴露于封装胶体210之外。
请继续参阅图2至图4。详细地说,封装胶体210更包括一外壳212与一透光部214。外壳212可包括聚碳酸酯(polycarbonate,PC)、改性聚苯醚(noryl)、聚丁烯对苯二甲酸酯(polybutylene terephthalate,PBT)、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(polyphthalamide,PPA)、聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)、玻璃纤维、氧化钛、氧化钙或上述材料的组合;而透光部214则包括环氧树脂(epoxy)或硅胶(silicone)等可透光材料。此外,根据发光二极管封装结构200所欲发出的颜色光种类,发光二极管透光部214亦可包括黄光荧光粉体、红光荧光粉体或绿光荧光粉体等、其它不同颜色荧光粉体或其组合。如图2与图3所示,外壳212包覆引线框202的连接部202b与部分散热平板204的上表面204a。换句话说,引线框202的延伸部202a延伸且外露于外壳212之外,用以作为电性接点;散热平板204的下表面204b则暴露于外壳212的底部。
由于发光二极管芯片206的热传导途径是由散热平板204提供,而其电连接路径由导线208与引线框204建构,因此可避免发光二极管芯片206在操作时产生的高热影响组件的电性表现。更由于此一热电分离的概念,散热平板204可免除电性考虑,径选择任何高导热的材料,如铜(其热传导系数(thermal conductivity)为401 W/m.K)、硅(170 W/m.K)、金(318 W/m.K)、银(429 W/m.K)、或铝(237 W/m.K)等金属;散热平板204甚至可为导热比金属还好的非金属材料如石墨或陶瓷(其热传导系数为500~900W/m.K)。由于发光二极管芯片206直接设置于此一热传导功能优良的散热平板204的上表面204a上,而散热平板204的下表面204b则直接暴露于外壳212的底部,因此发光二极管芯片206所产生的热可通过散热平板204直接排出发光二极管封装结构200,有效地增加半导体封装结构/发光二极管封装结构200的散热效率。
请重新参阅图2至图4。封装胶体210的外壳212更包括一第一凹杯212a与一第二凹杯212b。详细地说,第二凹杯212b如图2与图3所示,设置于第一凹杯212a的中央,且低于第一凹杯212a。散热平板204设置于第二凹杯212b的底部,而引线框202则设置于第一凹杯212a的底部,其延伸部202a延伸外露于外壳210之外,且可如图4所示,依外壳210的外型设计向下弯折而嵌设于第二凹杯212b的底部,使得发光二极管封装结构200大致上具有一立方体的形状。此外,由于引线框202与散热平板204设置于不同的平面,因此散热平板204的设置不会占用到引线框202的空间。且利用双凹陷部212a/212b的设置,可更提升封装胶体210与引线框202的密合度。
另外请参阅图5,图5为本第一优选实施例的一变化型的剖面示意图。如前所述,由于散热平板204设置于第二凹杯212b的底部,而引线框202设置于第一凹杯212a的底部,即散热平板204与引线框202设置于不同的平面,故散热平板204与引线框202的设置不会占用彼此的空间。也因此发光二极管封装结构200的散热平板204可延伸至引线框202的连接部202b的下方,而与连接部202b重迭,但不接触连接部202b与延伸部202a。如图5所示,通过此一变化,发光二极管封装结构200可获得一具有更大面积的散热平板,可以增加散热面积的方式来更提升其散热效率。
更值得注意的是,第一凹杯212a具有一第一斜面220;而第二凹杯212b具有一第二斜面222,第一斜面220与第二斜面222斜率并不相同,优选为第一斜面220的斜率大于(>)第二斜面222的斜率。利用此一具不同斜率的双斜面设计,可更聚敛发光二极管芯片206所发射的光线,提升发光二极管封装结构200的发光效率。
另外,请参阅图6,图6本发明所提供的半导体封装结构的一第二优选实施例的剖面示意图。请注意图6中与前述第一优选实施例相同的组件沿用相同的组件符号说明,不同的组件另用其它的组件符号说明。如图6所示,本第二优选实施例提供一半导体封装结构200a,与第一优选实施例不同的是,在第二优选实施例中,散热平板204上设置复数个芯片206a、206b、206c,且连接芯片206a、206b、206c与引线框202的导线于图6中省略。由于半导体封装结构200a利用散热效率甚佳的散热平板204提供导热途径,因此本发明所提供的半导体封装结构200a更可作为一多芯片半导体封装结构,而无须担心该等芯片在运作过程中产生的热能无法及时排出。此外,所属领域技术人员应知,图6中所示的芯片206a、206b、206c仅为示意所用,即散热平板204上所承载的芯片数量可依产品需求所定,并不限于图6所绘示者。
请参阅图7,图7为第二优选实施例的一变化型的剖面示意图。在本变化型中,芯片206a、206b、206c可分别为红色、绿色、蓝色发光二极管芯片,辅以包括于透光部214内的荧光粉体,半导体封装结构200a可依产品需求作为一具有RGB芯片的多波长发光二极管封装结构或或白光发光二极管封装结构。
综上所述,本发明所提供的半导体封装结构是利用散热平板作为一热电分离的管道:芯片的电连接路径由导线与引线框建构,而其热传导路径则由散热平板提供。因此可避免半导体封装结构产生的高热影响其电性表现,同时利用散热平板将热迅速而有效地传导出去,提升半导体封装结构的散热效率,继而增加组件寿命。此外,利用具有第一凹杯与第二凹杯的封装胶体外壳,可增加发光二极管封装结构的发光效率,并可增加其封装胶体与引线框的密合度。简单地说,本发明所提供的半导体封装结构与发光二极管封装结构具有良好的散热效率与发光效率,同时具有更佳的可靠度与信赖度。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,凡依本发明权利要求所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种半导体封装结构,其特征在于,包括:
一引线框,具有一延伸部与一连接部;
一散热平板,具有一上表面与一下表面;
至少一芯片,设置于该散热平板的该上表面上;
至少一导线,用以电性连接该芯片与该引线框;以及
一封装胶体,包覆该引线框、该散热平板、该芯片与该导线,且该散热平板的该下表面与该引线框的该延伸部暴露于该封装胶体之外。
2.如权利要求1所述的半导体封装结构,其特征在于,该封装胶体更包括一外壳与一透光部,且该外壳包覆部分该引线框与该散热平板的该上表面。
3.如权利要求2所述的半导体封装结构,其特征在于,该外壳更包括一第一凹杯与一第二凹杯,且该第二凹杯设置于该第一凹杯的中央,且低于该第一凹杯。
4.如权利要求3所述的半导体封装结构,其特征在于,该引线框设置于该第一凹杯的底部,该散热平板设置于该第二凹杯的底部。
5.如权利要求3所述的半导体封装结构,其特征在于,该第一凹杯包括一第一斜面,该第二凹杯包括一第二斜面,且该第一斜面的斜率>该第二斜面的斜率。
6.一种发光二极管封装结构,其特征在于,包括:
一引线框,具有一延伸部;
一散热平板,具有一上表面与一下表面;
至少一发光二极管芯片,设置于该散热平板的该上表面上;
至少一导线,用以电性连接该发光二极管芯片与该引线框;以及
一封装胶体,包括:
一透光部,包覆该发光二极管芯片与该导线;以及
一外壳,包括一第一凹杯与一第二凹杯,且该引线框设置于该第
一凹杯的底部,而该散热平板设置于该第二凹杯的底部。
7.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构,其特征在于,该外壳包覆部分该引线框与该散热平板的该上表面,且该散热平板的下表面与该引线框的该延伸部暴露于该封装胶体之外。
8.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构,其特征在于,该第二凹杯设置于该第一凹杯的中央,且低于该第一凹杯。
9.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构,其特征在于,该第一凹杯包括一第一斜面,该第二凹杯包括一第二斜面,且该第一斜面的斜率>该第二斜面的斜率。
10.如权利要求6所述的发光二极管封装结构,其特征在于,该引线框更包括一连接部,与该导线电性连接,且该散热平板延伸至该连接部下方。
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