CN102116670B - Vibration acquisition and analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a vibration acquisition and analysis instrument and a vibration acquisition and analysis method, and the vibration acquisition and analysis instrument comprises a vibration signal conditioning device, a key phase signal processing device, a phase-locked frequency multiplication device, a vibration signal sampling device and a control processing device, wherein the vibration signal conditioning device is used for receiving a vibration signal of a measured rotary machine, which is sent from a vibration sensor, performing processing on the vibration signal, generating multi-channel vibration conditioning signals corresponding to different sensor types, and gating one way of the vibration conditioning signal for output according to the type of the vibration sensor and sampling requirements; the key phase signal processing device is used for receiving a key phase signal of the measured rotary machine, processing the key phase signal and generating a key phase pulse signal; the phase-locked frequency multiplication device is used for receiving the key phase pulse signal, processing the key phase pulse signal and generating a frequency multiplication signal; the vibration signal sampling device is used for receiving the frequency multiplication signal and the output vibration conditioning signal, adopting the frequency multiplication signal to sample the outputted vibration conditioning signal, and generating sample data; and the control processing device is used for receiving the key phase pulse signal and starting the sampling process under the trigger of the key phase pulse signal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is about the vibration detection field of power equipment, especially in regard to a kind of vibration acquisition analyser and vibration acquisition analytical approach.
Background technology
In recent years, for alleviating electricity shortage, each big Utilities Electric Co. constantly increases the newly-increased large-scale unit of electric power input enlarging.Owing to receive the characteristics such as high capacity, high parameter and complicacy of many-sided influence such as design, manufacturing, installation, operation, maintenance and unit self, the actual available rate of big unit is not high, compares with external similar unit to have big gap.At present, the unstable unplanned stoppage in transit of unit, the unplanned situation of exerting oneself of falling of causing of operating states of the units that causes because of factors such as main and auxiliary machine vibration defectives still constantly increases.
Adopt multi-channel portable vibration acquisition analytical instrument; Utilize vibrational state to detect and the vibration data analytical technology; Can make assessment, carry out defective and Fault Diagnosis set state effectively, be the vibrational state test and the main means of analyzing that realizes under unit starting, shutdown, load change, vibration fault and other special operation condition.At present, many hyperchannel vibration acquisition analyser products have been arranged both at home and abroad, major part has all adopted single-chip microcomputer, microprocessor or technology such as embedded, and it is actual to be widely used in the engineering that unit debugging and vibration administer.But these instrument systems mainly comprise because of mentality of designing and different certain defective or the deficiencies of more or less existing of technology utilization:
(1) the key signal processing power is not enough
Key signal generally through at the groove that shows out certain width or the bonding jumper of burn-oning, is picked up by eddy current sensor; Perhaps on axle, paste reflecting piece, pick up through photoelectric sensor; Also possibly directly draw from on-the-spot TSI equipment buffer interface.Key signal is whenever the turn around periodic signal of a pulse of rotating shaft, and because of the sensor that uses or obtain manner is different, key phase mark mode is different, this signal possibly be positive pulse or negative pulse; The voltage of signals grade is also different, possibly be the pulse of 3.5～5V or the pulse more than the 5V; The ratio difference of key phase mark phase countershaft girth can make the dutycycle of this pulse signal also different, possibly be 50% square wave, also possibly be 0.1% grade of other little duty cycle pulse signal.
In the Turbo-generator Set Vibration monitoring analysis, key signal has played vital phase reference effect, in the vibration signal sampling; As the CPU external interrupt signal, when the pulse of key phase arrived, the Vibration on Start-up signal was integer-period sampled with the pulse of key phase; Like this, the sampling starting point is key phase position, the height point phase place that calculates through FFT from sampled signal; Be the phase differential of relative key phase position, thereby this phase place can be used for the foundation that transient equilibrium adds re-computation.Key signal sensor commonly used has types such as photoelectricity, eddy current; From TSI (turbine supervisory instruments; The turbine monitoring tool) system's key signal of drawing also possibly be TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic, logic gates) pulse signal.
Be accurate pick-up key phase signals from ground unrest and vibration signal; Key phase treatment circuit need have the certain trigger comparative voltage to be provided with and the dutycycle adaptive faculty; The key signal trigger voltage of most existing analytical instrument all is designed to fix; Can't adjust automatically, be difficult to satisfy the key signal identification of unlike signal grade, and existing filtering mode be not enough to the adaptive faculty of less dutycycle (as 0.01% grade).Therefore, the most existing analytical instrument does not possess the adaptive ability that multiple key signal inserts;
(2) access capability of vibration signal is not enough
Because of set structure with the configuration different; Field erected vibration transducer type is various; Comprise eddy current, speed, acceleration and ICP types such as (Integrated Circuits Piezoelectric, the piezoelectric sensors of built-in integrated circuit), the sensitivity of sensor also difference is bigger; Most of existing analytical instrument seldom can be supported various sensors specially to a kind of type sensor Design of Signal comprehensively.The most of design of the vibrating channel capacity of existing analytical instrument is not enough, is generally single, double, 4,6,8 and 16 passages, and the separate unit instrument can't satisfy the comprehensive vibration monitoring of big unit;
(3) sample collection scarce capacity:
Key synchronised, hyperchannel simultaneously, integer-period sampled be the basic demand of vibration acquisition analytical instrument; But most of analytical instrument only provides conventional fixed length sample (as: 8 cycles 1024 point) to gather, because of less instrument possesses customizable long sample, refinement spectrum analysis function.
(4) host computer interface communication scarce capacity:
The vibration sample data that the vibration acquisition analyser is gathered generally needs to upload to host computer (being generally notebook computer) through certain interface, thereby realizes functions such as status surveillance, vibration analysis, data-storing and management, historical query.The main interface mode of existing analytical instrument comprises serial port, EPP (Enhanced Parallel Port strengthens parallel interface) interface, USB interface, field-bus interface (like Controller Area Network, being called for short the CAN bus).
Serial communication speed is lower, can't satisfy the real-time transmission of high capacity sample data; Though the EPP parallel port possesses certain data transfer bandwidth, dispose the computer of EPP parallel port now, notebook computer especially, very difficulty is looked for, and versatility is relatively poor; USB interface also has higher traffic rate; And interface is simple, but is used for the usb communication of vibration data transmission, and the data transmission driver of special exploitation often need be installed; Do not possess software generic property preferably, the bad usb communication of performance drives the reliability that has also directly influenced system; The field-bus interface traffic rate is also higher; But its communication protocol design is mainly short message (in the 100B); Be mainly used in site intelligent instrument and meter low volume data transmission, to hyperchannel, particularly be the vibration signal transmission of unit with the sample, often need carry out the mass data bag and decompose; Even need expansion existing standard agreement, bring the deficiency of versatility.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of based on embedded system structure vibration acquisition analyser and vibration acquisition analytical approach.
For realizing above goal of the invention; The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of vibration acquisition analyser; Said vibration acquisition analyser comprises: the vibration signal conditioning device; Be used to receive the vibration signal of the tested rotating machinery that vibration transducer transmits, said vibration signal is handled the multichannel vibration conditioned signal of generation corresponding to the different sensors type, export according to the type and sample requirement gating one tunnel vibration conditioned signal of said vibration transducer; The key signal treating apparatus is used to receive the key signal of tested rotating machinery, said key signal is handled generating the key phase pulse signal; The phase locking frequency multiplying device is used to receive said key phase pulse signal, and said key phase pulse signal is handled the generation frequency-doubled signal; The vibration signal sampling apparatus is used to receive the vibration conditioned signal of said frequency-doubled signal and output, adopts said frequency-doubled signal to the vibration conditioned signal of the output generation sample data of sampling; The control and treatment device is used to receive said key phase pulse signal, under the triggering of said key phase pulse signal, starts said sampling process.
For realizing above goal of the invention; The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of vibration acquisition analytical approach; Said method comprises: the vibration signal of the tested rotating machinery that the reception vibration transducer transmits; Said vibration signal is handled the multichannel vibration conditioned signal of generation corresponding to the different sensors type, according to the type and one tunnel vibration conditioned signal output of sample requirement gating of said vibration transducer; Receive the key signal of tested rotating machinery, said key signal is handled generating the key phase pulse signal; Receive said key phase pulse signal, said key phase pulse signal is handled the generation frequency-doubled signal; Receive the vibration conditioned signal of said frequency-doubled signal and output, adopt vibration conditioned signal the sample generation sample data of said frequency-doubled signal output; Receive said key phase pulse signal, under the triggering of said key phase pulse signal, start said sampling process.
Vibration acquisition analyser of the present invention has overcome the insufficiency of function at aspects such as key signal processing, vibrating channel access, sample collection and host computer interface communications of existing hyperchannel vibration monitoring analyser, has satisfied the comprehensive vibration monitoring of large-scale unit and has analyzed needs.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the function of embodiment of the invention vibration acquisition analyser;
Fig. 2 is the refinement schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention vibration signal conditioning device 10;
Fig. 3 is the refinement schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention key signal treating apparatus 20;
Fig. 4 is the systematic schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 24 passage vibration acquisition analysers;
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram of the vibration signal conditioning module of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the detailed vibration signal modulate circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the circuit block diagram of the key signal processing module of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the detailed key signal modulate circuit of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is the theory diagram of the high-speed AD sampling module of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is the theory diagram of the rotating speed acquisition module of the embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is that the key signal of the embodiment of the invention uses synoptic diagram;
Figure 12 carries out the process flow diagram that vibration acquisition is analyzed for the vibration acquisition analyser that adopts present embodiment;
Figure 13 is the communication process synoptic diagram of vibration acquisition analyser and host computer.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of vibration acquisition analyser and vibration acquisition analytical approach.This vibration acquisition analyser comprises vibration signal conditioning device, key signal treating apparatus, phase locking frequency multiplying device, vibration signal sampling apparatus, rotating speed harvester and control and treatment device, passes through bus transfer data between these devices.
The vibration signal conditioning device of present embodiment can adapt to the vibration signal that sensors of various types transmits, and exports corresponding conditioned signal according to sensor type and actual samples demand.The key signal treating apparatus of present embodiment can be handled the key signal of different amplitudes and dutycycle; Key signal after the processing is divided into three the tunnel to be used: the first via is delivered to the phase locking frequency multiplying device and is carried out process of frequency multiplication, and the frequency-doubled signal of generation will be used for vibration signal is sampled; The second the road delivers to the control and treatment device, and the control and treatment device promptly starts the one-time continuous sampling process after receiving this signal; Third Road is delivered to the rotating speed harvester, is generated the rotary speed data of rotating machinery by the rotating speed harvester.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is elaborated:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the function of embodiment of the invention vibration acquisition analyser.As shown in Figure 1: the vibration acquisition analyser comprises: vibration signal conditioning device 10; Be used to receive the vibration signal of the tested rotating machinery that vibration transducer transmits; Said vibration signal is handled the multichannel vibration conditioned signal of generation corresponding to the different sensors type, according to the type and one tunnel vibration conditioned signal output of sample requirement gating of said vibration transducer; Key signal treating apparatus 20 is used to receive the key signal of tested rotating machinery, said key signal is handled generating the key phase pulse signal; Phase locking frequency multiplying device 30 is used to receive said key phase pulse signal, and said key phase pulse signal is handled the generation frequency-doubled signal; Vibration signal sampling apparatus 40 is used to receive the vibration conditioned signal of said frequency-doubled signal and output, adopts said frequency-doubled signal to the vibration conditioned signal of the output generation sample data of sampling; Control and treatment device 50 is used to receive said key phase pulse signal, under the triggering of said key phase pulse signal, starts said sampling process.This control and treatment device can be the built-in network module, like Intel 386.
In a preferred embodiment; This vibration acquisition analyser also comprises: rotating speed harvester 60; Be used to receive said key phase pulse signal, said key phase pulse signal is handled the rotary speed data that generates said tested rotating machinery, this rotary speed data is the important referential data of vibration analysis.Said control and treatment device 50 also is used for said key phase pulse signal is handled, and generates the vibration performance parameter, and said sample data, rotary speed data and vibration performance parameter are sent to host computer.
The vibration signal conditioning device 10 of present embodiment comprises multichannel vibration conditioning passage.Every road vibration conditioning passage is used to receive the vibration signal that a vibration transducer transmits; Said vibration signal is handled the multichannel vibration conditioned signal of generation corresponding to the different sensors type, according to exporting with this channel attached vibration transducer type and sample requirement gating one tunnel vibration conditioned signal.Corresponding to multichannel vibration conditioning passage, the vibration signal sampling apparatus 40 of present embodiment comprises the multi-channel sampling passage, is used for the vibration conditioned signal of multichannel vibration conditioning passage output is sampled simultaneously.
Fig. 2 is the refinement schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention vibration signal conditioning device 10, and is as shown in Figure 2, and vibration signal conditioning device 10 comprises: direct current signal extraction unit 201 is used for extracting direct current signal from said vibration signal; Original signal acquiring unit 202 is used for that said vibration signal is carried out filtering and amplifies the original AC signal of acquisition; An integrated signal acquiring unit 203 is used for said AC signal is carried out integration, obtains one time integrated signal; Quadratic integral signal acquiring unit 204 is used for a said integrated signal is carried out integration once more; Obtain the quadratic integral signal; Multichannel selected cell 205 is used for selecting the output of one road signal according to the type of said vibration transducer and sample requirement from said direct current signal, AC signal, integrated signal and quadratic integral signal.
Fig. 3 is the refinement schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention key signal treating apparatus 20; As shown in Figure 3; This key signal treating apparatus 20 comprises: bi-directional voltage comparing unit 301; Be used for amplitude adjustment trigger voltage value, adopt said trigger voltage that said key signal is carried out the peak-peak detection according to key signal; Pulse signal generation unit 302 is used for the parameter according to the dutycycle adjustment trigger circuit of key signal, the signal through the peak-peak detection is carried out rising edge J-K trigger the stable TTL pulse signal of generation.
In a preferred embodiment; Said key signal treating apparatus 20 comprises at least two key signal treatment channel; Each key signal treatment channel is used to receive the key signal of tested rotating machinery, said key signal is handled generating the key phase pulse signal.The key signal treating apparatus 20 of Fig. 3 also comprises: the key signal selected cell, be used for instruction according to said control and treatment device, and from the key of the two-way at least phase pulse signal that generates, select one tunnel output.
To specify the principle of work of embodiment of the invention vibration acquisition analyser below with 24 passage vibration acquisition analysers.
Fig. 4 is the systematic schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 24 passage vibration acquisition analysers.As shown in Figure 4: this 24 passage vibration acquisition analyser is the basis with the built-in network module, forms through simplifying modules such as isa bus connection high-speed synchronous AD sampling, rotating speed collection, vibration signal conditioning, key signal processing.24 passage vibration acquisition analysers comprise: 38 passage vibration signal conditioning module, 2 road redundant key signal processing modules, phase locking frequency multiplying module, pulsewidth counting rotating speed acquisition module, 2 16 tunnel high-speed AD sampling modules and based on the built-in network module of Intel 386.This built-in network module communicates through 10M Ethernet and host computer, and each module all is articulated in simplifying on the isa bus that the built-in network module provides.Below respectively the principle of work of each ingredient is described:
(1) vibration signal conditioning module
38 passage vibration signal conditioning module receive outside 24 road vibration signals of introducing; Each vibration signal conditioning passage includes height/LPF, signal amplification, AC/DC separation, one-level integration, second order product parallel circuit; Press modulate circuit elder generation after-stage and extract signals such as DC component, original waveform, integrated waveform or quadratic integral waveform; Insert multiplexer circuit, the signal according to sensor type and collection needs gating needs send the collection of high-speed synchronous AD sampling module; To the ICP type sensor, the vibration signal conditioning module can provide constant current source power supply.The conditioning of integrated 8 road vibration signals of each module finally provides 24 the tunnel, the processing and the output of number of different types sensor vibration signal.
The sensor type that is used to measure rotating machinery vibrating is generally eddy current sensor, speed pickup, acceleration transducer or ICP acceleration transducer, and wherein the ICP sensor is required to be provides constant current source power supply.What vibration survey was concerned about most is the shift value of vibration, to eddy current sensor, needs to obtain the vibration displacement AC signal through removing gap voltage at a distance from straight processing; To speed pickup, then need just can obtain displacement signal through after integration; To acceleration or ICP sensor, then need just can obtain displacement signal through twice integration.In addition, the electric pressure of dissimilar sensor output is also different, and eddy current sensor is a V level signal, and speed pickup is the mV level, and acceleration signal is littler.
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram of vibration signal conditioning module.As shown in Figure 5: the outside vibration signal that inserts gets into integrating circuit and quadratic integral circuit one by one after high and low pass filter is handled.To eddy current sensor signals, direct current extracts the gap voltage direct current signal that circuit is used for extracting original signal, and according to the power supply instruction, direct current extracts circuit corresponding constant current power supply is provided for the ICP acceleration transducer inserts.Signals such as direct current signal, filtered original waveform signal, integration, quadratic integral are according to the instruction of cpu access type selecting, by multiplexer circuit gating wherein a tunnel, send the high-speed AD sampling.
Fig. 6 is detailed vibration signal modulate circuit, comprising: constant current feed circuit 601, gap voltage treatment circuit 602, second order high-pass filtering and second-order low-pass filter circuit 603, original signal acquisition cuicuit 604, integrating circuit 605, quadratic integral circuit 606 and an oscillatory type are selected circuit 607.
As shown in Figure 6, the AC wave shape signal BSIN1 of vibration signal SIN1 after obtaining removing interference and direct current biasing after second order high pass, second-order low-pass filter, separated straight the processing; BSIN1 obtains the original waveform signal VW1 that can be used for sampling through processing and amplifying.Original waveform signal VW1 is original vibration displacement signal for eddy current sensor, is original vibration velocity signal for speed pickup, is original acceleration signal for acceleration transducer.
AC signal BSIN1 order again obtains AC signal V1 through an integrating circuit, and AC signal V1 is the vibration displacement signal for speed pickup, is the vibration velocity signal for acceleration transducer.AC signal V1 obtains AC signal VV1 through the quadratic integral circuit, and AC signal VV1 is the vibration displacement signal to acceleration transducer.Each grade circuit is provided with different magnifications, and the signal that guarantees to output at last the AD sampling module is standard signal (10V～10V).The direct current biasing that gap voltage treatment circuit 602 can extract in the eddy current sensor signals is gap voltage GAP1.To the ICP type sensor, be designed with in the circuit according to cpu instruction gating input channel constant current source power supply circuit 601.
Draw direct current signal GAP1, original AC signal VW1, integrated signal V1 and quadratic integral signal VV1 in the circuit different phase to different sensor input.Each passage 4 road signal, access oscillatory type selection circuit 607 (as, the simulation multidiameter option switch), software systems are sent the collection of high-speed AD sampling module through the sensor type gating various signals of configuration.As, when needing to gather the eddy current signal gap, gating direct current signal GAP1; When need gathering the original acceleration waveform of original displacement waveform of eddy current sensor or speed pickup raw velocity waveform or acceleration transducer, gating original waveform signal VW1 then; Need the displacement waveform of picking rate sensor or the velocity wave form of acceleration transducer, integrated signal V1 then selects a topic one time; The displacement waveform of need collection acceleration transducer is gating quadratic integral signal VV1 then.
(2) key signal processing module
Because of the transient speed of tested rotating machinery is changing at any time; Especially in startup, stopping process; Produce trigger pip if press the multiple of speed-frequency through timer, the rotating speed of the collection rotating speed at that time of might not sampling exactly, the frequency multiplication trigger pip that the obtains phaselocked loop hardware that is far from is followed the tracks of accurate; Many or few some points of phase weekly, last signal spectral analysis possibly produce leakages, especially influence accurate that vibration phase measures.Therefore present embodiment adopts key signal to come synchronized sampling.
The key signal processing module of this embodiment provides redundant two-way key signal treatment circuit, through disposal of Redundancy, improves the key signal processing reliability, and redundant key phase passage can be selected according to the instruction of built-in network module.Can also provide two-way above disposal of Redundancy circuit in the practical application.The outside key signal that inserts generates stable TTL key pulse mutually through Filtering Processing, behind straight, amplification, bi-directional voltage comparator circuit and trigger circuit.
Fig. 7 is the circuit block diagram of key signal processing module.As shown in Figure 7, key signal at first through filtering, at a distance from pre-service such as straight, amplifications, obtaining stable TTL key phase pulse signal after triggering through two-way comparison, peak-to-peak detector circuit and rising edge J-K then.This stable TTL key phase pulse signal will be divided into three tunnel outputs: the one tunnel send the phase locking frequency multiplying circuit, generates the n frequency-doubled signal of stable, accurate speed-frequency, as the synchronous AD sampling trigger signal of sample; One the tunnel send pulsewidth counting rotating speed Acquisition Circuit, gathers the axle rotating speed; One the tunnel as the external interrupt signal of simplifying isa bus, delivers to CPU, is used for triggering the sample collection of startup one-time continuous.
Fig. 8 is a key signal treatment circuit schematic diagram reality, effective, comprising: filter preprocessing circuit 801, two-way comparator circuit 802, rising edge J-K trigger circuit 803, phase locking frequency multiplying circuit 804, luminous indicating circuit 805.Need to prove: the edge J-K flip flop is a kind of common form of trigger, and present embodiment can also adopt other trigger, selects for use the edge J-K flip flop mainly to consider strong phase signals treatment circuit main test edges of signals saltus step at this.
As shown in Figure 8, key signal RPM actual in the filter preprocessing circuit 801 possibly be the positive pulse or the negative pulse of certain amplitude, through filtering, at a distance from straight, be amplified into two-way comparator circuit 802 (being also referred to as peak-to-peak detector circuit).Wherein: the forward comparator circuit provide about 2V trigger voltage and key mutually ratio of pulse length to the total cycle length, the positive pulse that only surpasses this voltage can be passed through; Reverse comparator circuit provides-trigger voltage about 2V and key mutually ratio of pulse length to the total cycle length, the negative pulse that only is lower than this voltage can be passed through.The two-way rectified signal synthesizes effective key phase pulse signal RPM2.Trigger voltage wherein can suitably be adjusted according to actual needs, as, can adjust resistance capacitance parameter in the circuit as required, be adjusted into other threshold values, like 2.5V, 3V, 1.5V etc.The trigger voltage threshold value of the two-way comparator circuit 802 of present embodiment is selected for use about 2V, is that the amplitude of considering the actual strong phase signals that inserts is generally the above pulse signal of 3.5V.
Key phase pulse signal RPM2 can obtain stable TTL pulse signal RPM1 behind rising edge J-K trigger circuit 803, supply CPU and follow-up phase locking frequency multiplying circuit 804 to use.Simultaneously, the stabilization signal of key phase TTL pulse signal and phase locking frequency multiplying will be delivered to luminous indicating circuit 805 and carry out external status indication.Two-way comparator circuit 802 can adapt to the polarity of actual signal; (like 2V～20V scope, this voltage range is the maximum possible scope according to the strong phase signals of reality, i.e. the strong phase signals of eddy current sensor as long as signal reaches certain amplitude; And fixed), all can accurately extract positive pulse or negative pulse.Simultaneously, two-way comparator circuit 802 is used with rising edge J-K trigger circuit 803, adjusts circuit parameter (like the numerical value of resistance, electric capacity) wherein, can discern the key signal of dutycycle very little (more than 0.1%).
(3) phase locking frequency multiplying:
In the vibration signal processing of rotating machinery,, influence analysis of vibration signal for avoiding the appearance of spectrum leakage and aliasing; Generally need to realize integer-period sampled to vibration signal; Promptly be benchmark with the speed cycle, the sampling period is the frequency multiplication of speed cycle, and sample length is a plurality of complete cycles.Through the Transistor-Transistor Logic level key signal that the key signal processing module is extracted, the one road delivers to the phase locking frequency multiplying circuit, produces the frequency-doubled signal (PPL) of adjustable key signal, for synchronous AD sampling module provides outside sampling trigger signal.Rotating speed adopts the step-by-step counting mode to gather through strong phase pulse, and strong phase signals is that unit whenever rotates a circle and produces a pulse, represents speed cycle.Through the signal that phase locking frequency multiplying produces, produce n (as 128) pulse for whenever rotating a circle, through this frequency doubling signals springs sample collection,, be the sample of gathering the integer speed cycle if the sample length of gathering is the multiple of n.This also is the effect (follow the tracks of speed cycle, guarantee that the AD trigger collection signal that generates is the n frequency multiplication of stable former pulse) of phase locking frequency multiplying circuit.The effect of rotary speed data is to be used for data-storing, operating mode record and demonstration on the one hand; On the other hand, also can determine whether to adopt the hardware frequency multiplier circuit to generate AD trigger collection signal.About the software collection flow process, see hereinafter for details and describe.
The core of this phase locking frequency multiplying circuit is 4046 chips, and the VCO voltage controlled oscillator of 4046 phaselocked loops is the multivibrators that the linearity is very high, and it can produce good symmetrical square wave output.Cooperate with 4046 phase-locked loop circuits through two timing counters in the circuit; Timer4 (T in 804) and Timer7 (PLL in 804) all with 4046 output as the Clock signal, Gate then connects high level, the Timer4 pattern is set to 3, initial value 512; The Timer7 pattern is set to 2, initial value 4; Through changing the initial value of Timer4, can obtain the phase locking frequency multiplying pulse signal of frequency adjustable, frequency promptly: Timer4 initial value/Timer7 initial value.
(4) high-speed synchronous AD sampling module:
The theory diagram of high-speed AD sampling module is as shown in Figure 9; This module keeps switch, high-speed a/d converter, 256K buffer storage, internal clocking counter, address decoder, gating circuit, DMA/ interruptable controller etc. to form based on simplifying isa bus by amplifier, multi-channel sampling.By the interchange vibration waveform signal of vibration signal conditioning module output, after amplifying, keep and the multichannel switching through sampling, by 44 passage A/D chip acquisition order.A/D chip rate 300KHz, AD chip sampled result is through fifo circuit control, and order gets into the 256K buffer storage, realizes independently sampling.Built-in system software only need be provided with parameters such as sample mode, sample length, after the startup sampling, through dma mode or inquiry sampling end mark, can realize a sample collection.
High-speed AD sampling module working method comprises that internal timing triggers at interval, external signal triggers and software trigger etc.Under the situation that has key signal to insert, key signal treatment circuit and phase locking frequency multiplying circuit can be the frequency multiplication trigger pip that the AD sampling module provides external bond to follow mutually; If do not insert key signal, software systems can be provided with the AD sampling module and be operated under the internal timing interval sampling mode, guarantee vibration signals.High-speed synchronous AD sampling module is made up of two 16 passage high-speed AD sampling modules; Software systems can be according to the vibrating channel quantity of reality access; The running parameter of adjustment AD sampling module, the high capacity buffer storage of 256K can be realized long sample, the data acquisition of refinement analyzing samples.
(5) rotating speed collection:
The rotating speed acquisition module is made up of a plurality of 16 timing counters.The key phase pulse signal that the key signal processing module that inserts is extracted converts square-wave signal into behind 2 frequency divisions, under the 100k clock frequency, carry out the pulse width counting through 16 timing counters of cascade again, thereby realizes the rotating speed collection and the calculating of tested rotating machinery.Rotating speed is the important duty parameter of rotating machinery, especially in startup, stopping process, analyzes the important evidence that the vibration situation is administered fault analysis and vibration with the curve of rotation speed change.
In the present embodiment, a road of the Transistor-Transistor Logic level key signal that extracts through the key signal processing module is delivered to the rotating speed Acquisition Circuit, and this circuit comprises the timing counter of two cascades, and the mode through the pulsewidth counting realizes the rotating speed collection, and its theory diagram is shown in figure 10.
Key signal inserts timing counter Timer1 as Clock (clock) signal, and the Timer1 pattern is set to 3, initial value is 2, Gate connects the VCC high level, is about to Timer1 as frequency divider, is the square-wave signal of frequency halving with TTL key phase pulses switch.The square-wave signal of Timer1 output is as the Gate signal of Timer2, and the Timer2 pattern is set to 2, initial value is set to 0xFFFF, and the Clock of Timer2 inserts the 80KHz clock signal.
Figure 11 has provided the comparison diagram of key signal, frequency-doubled signal, key phase 2 frequency division square-wave signals and clock pulse width count signal.Shown in figure 11, at the high level of square-wave signal, use the 80K clock that it is counted down, when square-wave signal was low level, counting stopped, and software systems are read its count value, can obtain tachometer value through simple computation.Because of adopting 16 digit counters to carry out pulsewidth counting, be 3000 rev/mins (50Hz) according to general Steam Turbine working speed, overflow for avoiding the excessive or counting of error, the frequency of Clock can not be too high also can not be too low.The clock frequency that this embodiment is used is 80KHz, guarantees that count value is near the maximal value of 16 digit counters under 3000 rev/mins the rotating speed.The pulsewidth counting with the calculated relationship of rotating speed is:
F=80000/ (65,536 one N)
rpm＝f*60
Wherein: N is the counter readout, and 65536 is 16 digit counter initial values (counter is the countdown mode), and promptly (65535-N) is the pulsewidth count value; F is a speed-frequency; Rpm is a rotating speed, unit: rev/min.
(6) built-in network module
The built-in network module is the core of vibration acquisition analyser, and the built-in network module of present embodiment adopts Intel 386 microprocessors and 512K user Flash disk space, operation DOS system, provides and simplify isa bus driving interface and integrated 10/100M Fast Ethernet interface.Special data acquisition, calculating, the data distributing program of this mixed-media network modules mixed-media operation simplified other module of isa bus driving interface connected system, and its Ethernet interface is used for high speed, the real-time data communication with host computer.
Figure 12 carries out the process flow diagram that vibration acquisition is analyzed for the vibration acquisition analyser that adopts present embodiment.As shown in the figure: after accomplishing necessary system bus initialization, house dog setting, network and hardware initialization, software gets into the data acquisition major cycle, by certain interval house dog is set that is:, guarantees system's reliability service; The networking command that host computer issues is read and handled to cycle, like sampling parameter setting and status report etc.; The fixed rotating speed of gathering at interval; Through the rotating speed of gathering; Confirm whether key signal inserts and (can know according to aforesaid rotating speed acquisition principle; When having strong phase signals to insert, the strong phase pulse after conditioning gets into the counter circuit of pulsewidth counting, just count value can be arranged; Therefore, whether be 0 can judge whether that strong phase signals inserts according to the tachometer value that collects); Under the key phase situation AD sampling module is set and is operated under the external trigger mode having, and open key and interrupt mutually; In key phase interrupt handling routine, start the AD sampling process, close key interrupts mutually simultaneously, guarantees the sampling starting point effect that key interrupts mutually; Do not having under the key access situation mutually, AD sampling module internal clocking parameter is being set, it is operated under the internal timing interval sampling pattern, software startup AD sampling simultaneously by the SF that is provided with; The AD sampling is independently sampled by the pattern and the sampling parameter that are provided with, and image data order under the control of sequential circuit gets into the FIFO buffer storage; The software systems cycle is read AD sampling end mark, if a specimen sample finishes, software calls over FIFO buffer storage content, if the AD sampling is overtime within a certain period of time, then software systems restart new sampling process; Sample data calculates characteristic parameters such as vibration amplitude, phase place through DFT; Rotating speed, sample data, characteristic parameter are all uploaded master system through network interface, do further processing, analysis and storage.
Figure 13 is the communication process of vibration acquisition analyser and host computer.Acquisition and analysis instrument is that master system provides the sampled data transmission through 10/100M Ethernet interface, and the device for logging on network system also realizes acquisition parameter setting, working method adjustment, running state monitoring etc. through this interface to acquisition and analysis instrument.With the network service of host computer in; The role of Acquisition Instrument is the webserver, and the network of monitoring host computer at any time connects, and host computer then is a networking client; Behind the acquisition and analysis instrument, host computer is through the work of networking command setting and control acquisition and analysis instrument in the connection.
Shown in figure 13: acquisition and analysis instrument is the listens for network connection request at any time; The host computer request issues the SetAcqParam order after connecting completion; The collection analysis instrument parameter is set, like port number, each channel type, sample length, SF etc., simultaneously; Host computer issues the SetDataRefresh order, and acquisition and analysis instrument active upload image data is set; The sampling configuration effort of acquisition and analysis instrument to be provided with gathered the rotary speed data, sample data, the characteristic that obtain and uploaded at any time; Host computer can open or close the duty report of acquisition and analysis instrument through the SetInfoReport sign is set; Host computer can be reset the IP address argument of acquisition and analysis instrument through SetAddress; Also can be through Restart order replacement acquisition and analysis instrument; When host computer need not connect acquisition and analysis instrument, can initiatively close network and connect, acquisition and analysis instrument gets into the network monitoring state once more.
The vibration acquisition analyser of the embodiment of the invention can provide following beneficial effect:
1, the vibration signal of 24 passages inserts through providing nearly, can satisfy the comprehensive vibration monitoring of 8 watts, every watt 3 road vibration signal of big unit and analyze needs;
2, the vibration signal modulate circuit provides the multichannel of signals such as direct current, original vibrational waveform, integrated waveform and quadratic integral waveform to select and the constant current source power supply ability, guarantees the adaptability to dissimilar sensor signals such as eddy current, speed, acceleration and ICP;
3. the redundant key phase treatment circuit of two-way has guaranteed vital key signal processing reliability;
4. adopt two-way trigger voltage comparison techniques, accurate pick-up key phase signals, adapt to photoelectricity, eddy current, TTL etc. dissimilar, insert than the key phase sensor signal of low duty ratio;
5. big buffer zone, configurable, high-speed synchronous AD sampling module have guaranteed long sample, refinement spectrum analysis needs;
6. sampling 10M/100M Fast Ethernet host computer communication interface has good versatility.
Above embodiment only is used to explain the present invention, but not is used to limit the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a vibration acquisition analytical approach is characterized in that, said method comprises:
The vibration signal of the tested rotating machinery that the reception vibration transducer transmits; Said vibration signal is handled the multichannel vibration conditioned signal of generation corresponding to the different sensors type, according to the type and one tunnel vibration conditioned signal output of sample requirement gating of said vibration transducer;
Receive the key signal of tested rotating machinery, said key signal is handled generating the key phase pulse signal; Said key signal is handled generation key phase pulse signal to be comprised: the amplitude adjustment trigger voltage value according to key signal, adopt said trigger voltage that said key signal is carried out the peak-peak detection; According to the parameter of the dutycycle of key signal adjustment trigger circuit, the signal through the peak-peak detection is carried out rising edge J-K trigger and generate stable TTL pulse signal;
Receive said key phase pulse signal, said key phase pulse signal is handled the generation frequency-doubled signal;
Receive the vibration conditioned signal of said frequency-doubled signal and output, adopt vibration conditioned signal the sample generation sample data of said frequency-doubled signal output;
Receive said key phase pulse signal, under the triggering of said key phase pulse signal, start said sampling process.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said method also comprises:
Receive said key phase pulse signal, said key phase pulse signal is handled the rotary speed data that generates said tested rotating machinery.
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said method also comprises:
Said key phase pulse signal is handled, generated the vibration performance parameter, and said sample data, rotary speed data and vibration performance parameter are sent to host computer.
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