CN102102021B - Lignite upgrading furnace - Google Patents
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Abstract
There are various known lignite upgrading technologies targeting outward transport; and a Lurgi gasifier is a mature industrial furnace, but the Lurgi gasifier has a strict requirement on the block diameter of a charging material (25-60mm generally) and cannot process powder and easily-pulverized lignite. In order to overcome the defects of the Lurgi gasifier, the invention provides a lignite upgrading furnace. The lignite upgrading furnace consists of a distributor, a shaft furnace body, a gas fired furnace, a circulating fan, a gas mixing chamber, gas guiding grooves, gas collecting grooves, a gas inlet and outlet pipe system and an unloading machine, and is characterized in that: a plurality of gas guiding channels and gas guiding grooves are formed in the furnace body; under the action of the gas guiding channels, a plurality of W shapes are formed on the surface of the charging material; and under the action of the gas guiding grooves and clapboards therein, a gas heat carrier flows in a Z shape in multiple paths in multiple layers, and flows horizontally with the vertically descended coal in narrow coal beds to exchange heat and mass with the coal. The lignite upgrading furnace is suitable for processing the easily-pulverized lignite with small block diameter (less than or equal to 25mm). Calculation shows that: compared with the conventional furnaces, the lignite upgrading furnace has the advantages that the area facing the wind can be increased by an order of magnitude, the route of the gas heat carrier in the coal beds can be decreased by an order of magnitude, the resistance can be reduced by about two orders of magnitude, and the retention time can be shortened by 40 to 60 percent.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of the low-calorie brown coal of high-moisture be promoted the industrial furnace of its quality, the upgraded brown coal that produces take long-distance outward transport as purpose.
Background technology
Global brown coal geologic reserve is about 4,000,000,000,000 T, account for global coal geological exploration reserves 40% a little less than.According to the statistics in 20 end of the centurys, China is existing verifies brown coal retained reserve 1,300 hundred million T, accounts for about 13% of national coal total reserves.Reserves are huge.And depth of burial is shallow, and minable coal seam is thick, mostly suitable strip mining transformation, and production safety, cost of winning is low.
But its calorific value low (generally between 2700-3600Kcal/kg), moisture high (total water is between 26-40%), run-of-mine coal (ROM coal) is soft, and porosity is large, and easily cracked, specific surface area is large, easy-weathering, oxidation, burning-point is low, and the ignition phase is shorter, the outward transport difficulty.The Inner Mongol is the brown coal main producing region of China, and according to planning, to the year two thousand twenty, the brown coal throughput of Inner Mongol will reach 8,000 ten thousand T/, and mining area, Huo Lin river will become world-class super-huge brown coal surface mines.Because the Inner Mongol serious water shortage, can not a large amount of development electric power stations near coal-mines, institute's brown coal that produce must be transported outward.Unique selection is to transport outward after the inferior brown coal upgrading.Develop the still task of top priority of efficient brown coal upgrading technology.
Water in the brown coal has three classes, i.e. free water, inherent water and crystal water.When brown coal were heated to more than 100 ℃, most free water can be evaporated.When brown coal continued to be heated to more than 150 ℃ under normal pressure, brown coal began to be removed in conjunction with water (inherent water), and hydroxy functional group (mainly is-COOH) decompose, separates out CO
2Gas, simultaneously getting rid of in conjunction with water (inherent water) brown coal.Further improve temperature, will cause increasing hydroxy functional group to decompose, thereby the surface properties that causes brown coal changes.Crystal water is and the water of ash coexistence, could decomposes under higher temperature.
For the upgraded brown coal that need not way far away outward transport, for example be used for the brown coal of electric power stations near coal-mines, only need remove free water.Need the upgraded brown coal of way far away outward transport, the essential dehydration degree of depth that improves is got damp easily because only remove the brown coal of free water.Under higher drying temperature, because a large amount of hydroxy functional group decomposes, cause the pore of brown coal inside to decay and produce crosslinked.Pore decays and can stop moisture to enter pore; Crosslinking reaction then can seal pore, stops the pore that decays to expand when absorbing moisture again.In addition, when the brown coal temperature was heated to more than 200 ℃, its surface-area can greatly reduce.The major cause that surface-area reduces is that namely tar is moved to pore is outside by pore inside owing to cause the strong migration of the tar of brown coal inside under the high temperature drying condition.Move to the tar of pore outside in process of cooling, because tar condensing, thereby pore is sealed, and the surface-area of brown coal is reduced.
Because said process, namely pore collapses, and crosslinked and tar migration forms sealing to pore, and brown coal become more and more hydrophobic as a result, also can observe the sclerosis of brown coal simultaneously, and this also causes the formation of the rigid structure of brown coal.Its result is exactly that brown coal can be converted to hard coal from cherry coal, is converted to hydrophobicity by wetting ability, thereby can realizes the long-distance transport of brown coal.
This best upgrading temperature of brown coal is a kind of speciality of brown coal, and the brown coal that have may be 250 ℃, and the brown coal that have namely reach the required temperature of low-temperature pyrolysis possibly up to more than 550 ℃, and this should be determined by experiment.Therefore, the present invention does not add restriction to this best upgrading temperature of brown coal.
Known have multiple take long-distance outward transport as purpose brown coal upgrading technology.
Can be classified as follows them:
1. heating vaporization:
1.1 gaseous heat-carrier:
1.1.1 this technology of cylinder upgrading can be down to brown coal moisture about 15%, dehydration rate is high, and calorific value promotes
To 4500kcal/kg.Its principle is that the material coal is put into the cylinder that is full of about 500 ℃ high-temperature hot-air after being crushed to 0-50mm.In the cylinder that tilt to rotate, make brown coal at the full section material curtain that forms of the expert Cheng Wending of dry cylindrical shell by the material delivering plate on the cylinder wall, make the abundant heat-shift of flue gas and raw coal, swap time about 30 minutes, thereby make brown coal obtain drying.
1.1.2 the vibrating mixed flow upgrading is crushed to 35-50mm with raw coal, and is dry through hot air dryer.Drying machine is the closed casing, in establish 4-5 layer " it " font oscillatory type inclined screen net.The high-temperature hot-air that hotblast stove produces through and cold wind be mixed to form about 230 ℃ in warm wind from below to up pass loft drier.Coal grain process vibrating screen surface from top to down, fine particle leaks down from mesh, finish very soon drying, coarse particles then slowly tumbles and descends through compass screen surface, can slough brown coal moisture about 10%, calorific value is promoted to about 3500kcal/kg, and the single device drying power is larger, can reach 3,000,000 tons of every year, but dehydration rate is low.
1.1.3 warm air drying is used in the band oven upgrading, but the employed hot blast temperature of this technology can up to 300 ℃, adopt preheating, drying and process of cooling, except brown coal are carried out the drying, can also modification upgrading one decompose oxygen-containing functional group, the partial oxygen atom separated out, thereby make dehydration rate higher.Brown coal are placed on the netted heating resisting metal band and carry, and the powerful wind that produces through blower fan passes mesh and the gap between the brown coal of netted conveying belt and carries out thermal exchange with hot blast, makes brown coal obtain drying and modification upgrading.Brown coal moisture can be down to below 10%, calorific value is brought up to more than the 5000kcal/kg.
The common shortcoming of above-mentioned several upgrading technology is: the separate unit treatment capacity is little; Thermo-efficiency is not high; Need running gear, complex structure, cost is expensive, casualty ratio of accidents is high.
1.1.4 U.S. MR﹠amp; E company brown coal drying and destructive distillation upgrading (LFC) technology as thermal barrier, are carried out drying (flue-gas temperature＜300 ℃) or low-temperature pyrolysis (flue-gas temperature～550 ℃) to brown coal with flue gas in the vertical rotated stove.1000 tons/day commercialization demo plant, successful operation 5 years (1992～1998), having finished simultaneously processing power is the engineering design of the commercialization factory of 5,000,000 ton/years of (3 * 1,650,000 ton/years of covers) scales.It is said that this technology is the most ripe a kind of of commercialization degree in the present similar technology.But still needing running gear, complex structure, cost is expensive, casualty ratio of accidents is high.
1.1.5 vertical shaft type stove upgrading China Datang state can coal dry company limited improved commercialization upgrading furnace that has built up 1200T/d on the basis of lurgi gasifier, successful operation the several months.
The vertical shaft type stove is a kind of essential industry stove of processing lumpy material.Such as blast furnace, gas furnace, vertical limestone kiln, coal and oil shale low-temperature pyrolysis stove ... large-scale industrial application is arranged.Flowing law for cloth, gas distribution and heat transfer, mass transfer and the gas of this class stove all has deep research.For the brown coal that in hot procedure, do not bond, it is first-selected industrial furnace.This be because: gaseous heat-carrier, countercurrent flow direct with processed blocks of solid in the vertical shaft type stove, overall heat transfer coefficient is large, hot-work product (such as water vapor, coal gas and tar) is taken out of with the gas that rises and is effluxed, the blocks of solid material moves down automatically by gravity in stove, need not to add mechanical force, with corresponding mechanism, and it is large to process intensity.
But can not dare not or would not speak up, the upgrading furnace that can the coal dry company limited of Datang state builds up on the basis of lurgi gasifier, the stability of operation still remains the Operation trial of long period.And lurgi gasifier can have a strong impact on because of the obstruction that dust causes the length in operational cycle.
1.2 solid thermal carriers: the solid thermal carriers low-temperature pyrolysis technique of Dalian University of Technology, made the type approval test of 20T/d in the eighties in last century, at present at the preliminary stage of the Industrial demonstration project of carrying out 5,000,000 T/.Still there is one to improve and ripening process.
2 mechanical process
2.1 this method of hot evaporation is that water is removed under liquid state, thermal source is superheated vapour, about 235 ℃ of the temperature of technological process.For moisture is not vaporized, system pressure should greater than the saturation pressure under this temperature, be about about 3MPa.The advantage of this method is to remove water under liquid state, and the gradable utilization of the waste hot steam in the technological process is so energy consumption is low.Its shortcoming is that moisture removal is incomplete, and the dry coal water content is about 23%.
2.2 this method of mechanical dehydration method be about 100 ℃, make the brown coal dehydration under less than 16Mpa pressure.Energy consumption is minimum, but high to equipment requirements, still is at present the laboratory study stage, has no the report of industrial application
2.3 hot pressing evaporation Chinese patent 200710010607.8 discloses " brown coal drying and upgrading integral processing method and equipment thereof ".200 ℃～400 ℃ high-temperature flue gas are sent in the high temperature air cavity the roll the roll heating from the high-temperature flue gas entry joint by pipeline, be used for the oven dry brown coal; Again brown coal are sent into the main feeder through helical screw feeder uniformly from former coal bunker, are opened the eccentric swage motor, by eccentric swage brown coal are pressed onto between the roll in the pressurizing device, through 20～80 tons of pressure extrusion, with moisture removal in the brown coal below 1-5%; Become the cylinder of φ 5～10mm through the coal charge of high temperature extrusion.
China Sunpower Inc. brown coal upgrading commerical test project, after the open-air mineral products brown coal of Sunpower Inc. are become raw coal below 3 millimeters by the two-stage fragmentation, be Filter Tuber For Clean Coal by the oven dry extrusion molding again, thermal value will be promoted to more than the 5500kcal/kg by original 3700kcal/kg.At present, still there is one to improve and ripening process.
The vertical shaft type stove is the first-selected industrial furnace of brown coal upgrading.But existing lurgi gasifier and exist following difficult problems at the improved Datang upgrading furnace of lurgi gasifier: brown coal from charging opening to coke outlet stroke height more than 16 meters, and the intensity of brown coal is low, easily efflorescence, and some brown coal is when removing free water, too fast such as rate of drying, heat easily occurs collapse phenomenon.The strange stove service experience of Lu proves: the obstruction that dust causes will have a strong impact on the length in operational cycle, and temperature distributing disproportionation will have a strong impact on the efficient of stove.
At last, the same with all vertical shaft type stratiform stoves, improved Datang upgrading furnace directly has strict requirement (piece directly is generally 25-60mm) to the furnace charge piece that enters stove on the lurgi gasifier basis, and they can not process powder, and the output of powder can be up to 40%.This is another serious shortcoming of this class stove.
All vertical shaft type stoves that comprise lurgi gasifier, gaseous heat-carrier all is to flow vertically upward along the cross section in the whole stove, its windward side is very little, be defined as the cross section in the stove, the stroke of gaseous heat-carrier in stove is the whole height of furnace charge, the gaseous heat-carrier flow path length is so the flow resistance of gaseous heat-carrier is very large.
Because furnace charge has a piece footpath scope, (the Datang upgrading furnace has adopted and the same passage aisle of the strange stove of Lu between dryer section and retort section to have again collection to analyse phenomenon, it is more serious to make collection analyse phenomenon), therefore, along on the cross section of stove, the porosity of furnace charge is different, for square lurgi gasifier, the size of porosity is strip and distributes, and for the vertical shaft type stove of circle, the size of porosity is concentric annular and distributes.As everyone knows, the channel resistance that porosity is large is little, and the flux of gaseous heat-carrier is large, and the little channel resistance of porosity is large, and the flux of gaseous heat-carrier is little.Consequently make furnace gas heat carrier flow skewness, also make temperature distributing disproportionation, affect that furnace charge is hot worked to carry out.And easily the brown coal of efflorescence more aggravate this ununiformity.
In addition, drying is an important procedure of brown coal upgrading, should according to the characteristic of the drying process of the brown coal in different mining areas, work out drying process.For example: determine rate of drying according to the collapsing property of heat of brown coal; To according to brown coal under how high drying temperature, just there be again water absorbability; Will be according to the downstream use of the solid product of brown coal to wear resistance, intensity, reactive behavior, burning-point ... requirement, formulate hot worked outlet temperature, can bring up in case of necessity 550-600 ℃, to satisfy the requirement of downstream user.Regrettably existing upgrading furnace to these Extraordinary requirements, does not give concern, lacks necessary technical measures yet.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the above-mentioned shortcoming of vertical shaft type brown coal upgrading furnace, the invention provides a kind of brown coal upgrading furnace.It is a kind ofly to make the industrial furnace of brown coal upgrading by gaseous heat-carrier, and it is by distributor, vertical shaft type body of heater, gas fired furnace (thermal source is provided), recirculation blower, gas mixing chamber, air slot, pneumatic trough, gas lead into, derive piping and unloading machine forms.It is characterized in that: many air guide Ji Dao and air slot are arranged in the described vertical shaft type body of heater, under the effect of described air guide Ji Dao, the furnace charge face is a plurality of W shapes, under the effect of described air slot and its median septum, gaseous heat-carrier is many, multilayer is Z-shaped flows, in narrow coal seam, do flowing of horizontal direction with the coal of vertical decline, carry out heat, matter exchange with coal.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of brown coal upgrading furnace, and Fig. 2 is the A section enlarged view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is the B section enlarged view of Fig. 1.Among the figure: 1. distributor, 2. efflux dry flue gas Ji Dao, 3. efflux dry flue gas and derive arm, 4. dryer section air slot, 5. dryer section air slot dividing plate, 6. dryer section circulation gas Ji Dao, 7. dryer section circulation gas is derived arm, 8. dryer section air slot, 9. dryer section air slot dividing plate, 10. the dryer section dry flue gas imports arm, 11. retort section destructive distillation product Ji Dao, and 12. retort section destructive distillation products are derived arm, 13. the retort section air slot, 14. retort section air slot dividing plates, 15. retort section thermal barrier import arm, 16. cooling section coal gas is derived arm, 17. the cooling section air slot, 18. cooling section air slot dividing plates, 19 cooling sections cooling coal gas imports arm, 20. unloading machine, 21. the dryer section recirculation blower, the burning of 22. dryer section and mixing tank, 23 retort section recirculation blowers, the burning of 24 retort section and mixing tank, 25 soot-blowing wind machines, 26 tornado dust collector, I section. coal envelope section 1, the II section. predrying section, the III section. dryer section, IV section. coal envelope section 2, V section. retort section, the VI section. coal envelope section 3, VIII section. cooling section.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1.The raw material brown coal of screening are added by furnace roof, uniform through distributor 1, rely on furnace bottom unload burnt machine constantly finished product is effluxed with action of gravity under, automatically move down, to I section coal envelope section 1, the effect of this section is to guarantee that air does not seal in may cause in the stove and catch fire or explode that for this reason, should make dry flue gas is pressure-fired on the surface, coal seam.
The II section is predrying section, and an exclusive dry flue gas collection road 2 that drains is arranged at the top of this section, under their clothes, the furnace charge face is a plurality of W shapes, efflux dry flue gas and efflux after dry flue gas derivation arm 3 compiles through effluxing, described discharged gas fume dew point is very high, should recycle the area of some serious water shortage." a kind of method from high dew point brown coal drying off-gas recovery water " Chinese patent 2010101519277 by applicant's invention discloses this method.For the high brown coal of some collapsing property of heat, part can be effluxed high dew point flue gas has the dryer section recirculation blower 21 that passes through of control to circulate, with the rate of drying of regulation and control dryer section.
By flue gas drying section air slot 4 and the window shutter of altering on the dryer section, under the effect of dividing plate 5, be many, the Z-shaped narrow coal seam (referring to Fig. 2) of repeatedly passing of multilayer, carry out heat, matter exchange with coal.
The III section is dryer section, imports from the bottom from the dry heat carrier flue gas of dryer section burning mixing tank 22, and temperature should be lower than the tar from lignite heat decomposition temperature, and is about below 250 ℃.Produce the temperature of flue gas for reducing the dryer section burning, use dryer section recirculation blower 21 to extract the exhaust of dryer section out on the top of dryer section, hybrid cooling in dryer section burning mixing tank 22.Leave the brown coal temperature of dryer section about 150-180 ℃.
The primary coal dust that has raw material to bring in the dryer section, with because of wearing and tearing, heat collapses the secondary coal dust of generation, can have a strong impact on whole hot worked trouble-free operation, the operation practice of all vertical shaft type stoves shows: it is the greatest factor that affects stove operating rate and efficient that dust stops up.For this reason, the present invention is provided with dust-removal system especially in dryer section.At the offside of circulation gas derivation arm, be furnished with blow valve port along air slot dividing plate top, irregularly purge with circulating flue gas.Described circulating flue gas is with purging circulation gas blower fan 25, circulating flue gas is boosted deliver to blow valve port, on the outlet pipe of circulating flue gas, being provided with tornado dust collector 26.
The IV section is coal envelope section 2, its effect is to prevent that the coal gas of the flue gas of dryer section and retort section from altering logical mutually, this section of lurgi gasifier is to adopt the effective passage aisle of coal envelope, in view of most brown coal very poor in dried wear resistance, here do not adopt little logical, because in passage aisle, the lowering speed of coal is fast, can unstable wear.Certainly, if any enough wear resistancies, still can adopt passage aisle for some dried brown coal.
The V section is retort section, and the effect of this section is to make brown coal carry out degree of depth hot-work.The main task of brown coal upgrading is to remove moisture to improve thermal value.Must consider the water absorbability of dried brown coal as the upgrading of purpose brown coal take outward transport.Only remove the drying brown coal of free water, because internal structure change is very little, specific surface is very large, and water absorbability is very strong, can not transport outward.Must carry out degree of depth hot-work.General brown coal are when being heated to more than 180 ℃, and hydroxy functional group (mainly is-COOH) decompose, separates out C0
2Gas.Further improve temperature, will cause increasing hydroxy functional group to decompose, thereby the surface properties that causes brown coal changes, along with temperature further improves, a large amount of hydroxy functional groups decomposes, and causes the pore of brown coal inside to decay and produces crosslinked.Pore decays and can stop moisture to enter pore; Crosslinking reaction then can seal pore, stops the pore that decays to expand when absorbing moisture again.In addition, general brown coal temperature is heated to 200 ℃ of degree when above, and its surface-area can greatly reduce.The major cause that surface-area reduces is that namely tar is moved to pore is outside by pore inside owing to cause the strong migration of the tar of brown coal inside under the high temperature drying condition.Move to the tar of pore outside in process of cooling, thereby owing to tar condensing seals pore, thereby the surface-area of brown coal is reduced.Because said process, namely pore collapses, and crosslinking reaction and tar migration form sealing to pore, and brown coal become more and more hydrophobic as a result, also can observe the sclerosis of brown coal simultaneously, and this also causes the formation of the rigid structure of brown coal.Its result is exactly that brown coal can be converted to hard coal from cherry coal, is converted to hydrophobicity by wetting ability, thereby can realizes the long-distance transport of brown coal.This task realizes in retort section.
Deliver to many retort section heat in retort section bottom by about 600-650 ℃ high-temperature heat carrier of retort section burning mixing tank 24 and carry importing arm 15 and retort section air slot 13, through window shutter, under the effect of retort section air slot dividing plate 14, be the Z-shaped narrow coal seam (referring to Fig. 3) of repeatedly passing, carry out heat, matter exchange with coal.Produce the temperature of flue gas for reducing the retort section burning, with the coal gas of retort section recirculation blower 23 extraction cooling sections, hybrid cooling is to 600-650 ℃ in retort section burning mixing tank 24.
Be to be noted that the hot worked optimal temperature of the brown coal degree of depth is a personalized index of brown coal, should be decided by actual measurement.The present invention can not limit.When the hot worked optimal temperature of the described brown coal degree of depth surpasses the tar from lignite decomposition temperature, just have tar and separate out, should give recycling.
Leave retort section the about 550-600 of semicoke temperature ℃, after VI section coal envelope section 3, enter into cooling section again.
The VIII section is cooling section, and its effect is that spontaneous combustion is avoided in the semicoke cooling, reclaims again the heat of semicoke simultaneously.Cooled semicoke effluxes through unloading burnt machine 20.
Beneficial effect
Uniform many gas collection roads on the cross section of the present invention in stove, the coal surface is a plurality of W shapes, makes collection analyse phenomenon and greatly weakens; Particularly make many of gaseous heat-carriers, repeatedly be the Z-shaped narrow coal seam of passing, expanded the windward side area urgently largely; Shortened again the stroke of gaseous heat-carrier in the coal seam; Make with heat, the matter exchange of coal more even.
The suitable processing of the present invention fritter footpath (≤25mm) and the easy brown coal of efflorescence.
Calculating shows that than the existing type of furnace, front face area of the present invention can increase an order of magnitude; The stroke of gaseous heat-carrier in the coal seam can reduce by an order of magnitude; Resistance can reduce nearly two orders of magnitude; Left alone without helply stay the time can reduce 40-60%.
Claims (3)
1. brown coal upgrading furnace, by distributor, the vertical shaft type body of heater, gas fired furnace, recirculation blower, gas mixing chamber, air slot, pneumatic trough, gas lead into, derive piping and unloading machine forms, it is characterized in that: many air guide Ji Dao and air slot are arranged in the described vertical shaft type body of heater, and under the effect of described air guide Ji Dao, the furnace charge face is a plurality of W shapes, under the effect of described air slot and its median septum, gaseous heat-carrier is many, multilayer is Z-shaped flows, and does flowing of horizontal direction with the coal of vertical decline in narrow coal seam, carries out heat, matter exchange with coal.
2. a brown coal upgrading furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: for the high brown coal of collapsing property of heat, have the dryer section recirculation blower (21) that passes through of control to circulate with partly effluxing high dew point flue gas, with the rate of drying of regulation and control dryer section.
3. a brown coal upgrading furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be provided with purging system in dryer section, irregularly remove primary and secondary coal dust.
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| CN 201010569366 CN102102021B (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Lignite upgrading furnace |
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| CN 201010569366 CN102102021B (en) | 2010-12-02 | 2010-12-02 | Lignite upgrading furnace |
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| CN102102021B true CN102102021B (en) | 2013-04-17 |
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| CN101706196A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2010-05-12 | 郑州拉姆顿清洁能源工程技术有限公司 | Oxygen-free drying and upgrading system of lignite and lignite drying process |
| CN201548016U (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2010-08-11 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Fluidized-bed type lignite drying and quality raising device |
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