CN102100228A - A mixed granular agricultural chemical composition - Google Patents
A mixed granular agricultural chemical composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN102100228A CN102100228A CN201110028418XA CN201110028418A CN102100228A CN 102100228 A CN102100228 A CN 102100228A CN 201110028418X A CN201110028418X A CN 201110028418XA CN 201110028418 A CN201110028418 A CN 201110028418A CN 102100228 A CN102100228 A CN 102100228A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/10—Insect repellent
Abstract
A granular agricultural chemical composition (b) is prepared through coating a mixed composition on grain cores, wherein the mixed composition comprises the following components: an active composition for preventing pest, high-polymer resin, hydrophobic matter and a random agricultural additive. A mixed granular agrochemical composition capable of being used in a period from sowing time to directly before its transplantation in a seedling-growing box and also capable of performing harmful insects and pest control exactly after the transplantation can be prepared through mixing the granular agricultural chemical composition (b) with a granular agricultural chemical composition (a).
Description
The application is that the name submitted on June 23rd, 2006 is called the dividing an application of No. the 200610090107.5th, Chinese invention patent application of " a kind of granular agrichemical composition of mixing ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of granular agrichemical composition of mixing.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of granular agrichemical composition that includes mixing two kinds of granular compositions, that be particularly suitable for preventing and treating the rice class pest.
Background technology
Patent documentation 1 discloses a kind of granular agrichemical composition of slowly-releasing, and the stripping (elution) of highly-water-soluble insecticidal active ingredient wherein can be controlled.As the adhesive that constitutes described particle, enumerated polyvinyl alcohol, as hydrophobic fine powder, enumerated calcium stearate.
Patent documentation 2 discloses a kind of mixture of particle of pest control, and described mixture all keeps homogeneous in storage, carrying and process for preparation.
Patent documentation 3 discloses a kind of granular agrichemical composition that includes multiple granular solids reagent, described composition be difficult for by transportation, handling process caused such as shake, factor such as vibration and produce separation, but can keep its homogeneous state.
To the seedling growing box applying pesticides is the simplest laborsaving method, yet the kind difference that but exists with insecticidal active ingredient brings seedling with phytotoxic danger.Therefore, sprigging still is being maintained to the rice field for making the control of insect system of using by seedling growing box, very important provide a kind of do not have above-mentioned dangerous simultaneously can also laborsaving pesticidal preparations.
[patent documentation 1] Japanese publication text No.286602/1990
[patent documentation 2] Japanese publication text No.508260/1999
[patent documentation 3] Japanese publication text No.2000-86405
Have now found that, in sowing optional a period of time before be about to transplant seedling, when the granular agrichemical composition of mixing as described below is applied to seedling growing box, can to the rice field, still prevent and treat crop pest effectively transplanting seedling---particularly You Hai insect---and disease, simultaneously can not cause any phytotoxicity again, thereby finish the present invention.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the invention provides following technical scheme:
A kind of granular agrichemical composition of mixing, comprise a kind of granular composition (a) and a kind of granular composition (b) or a kind of granular composition (c), described granular composition (a) is coated on grain nuclear (granular core) by a kind of blend compositions that will include following component and upward makes: the reactive compound of pest control, adhesive and optional agricultural agent (agriculturaladjuvant); Described granular composition (b) is coated on grain nuclear by the blend compositions that will include following component and upward makes: the reactive compound of pest control, macromolecule resin, lyophobic dust, talcum and optional agricultural agent; Described granular composition (c) is coated on grain nuclear by the blend compositions that will include following component and upward makes: the reactive compound of pest control, macromolecule resin, lyophobic dust, talcum, water-soluble substances and optional agricultural agent.
Embodiment
According to the present invention, when mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention is applied to seedling growing box, from granular composition (a) stripping, and active component is from granular composition (b) or (c) stripping at a slow speed with common speed for the reactive compound of pest control (hereinafter referred to as active component).Thereby, reach transplanting seedling from the amount of the active component of these two kinds of granular composition strippings and to the rice field, to prevent and treat harmful insect and the necessary threshold value of disease, realize thus the harmful insect of crop and the accurate control of disease.And, adopt the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention, the cumulant of the active component of stripping is as above slowly risen, thereby can safely described composition be applied to seedling.
A kind of so accurate and outstanding mechanism of action that mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention is had is to protrude in prior art so especially, makes us unexpected.
As the reactive compound that in mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention, is used as the pest control of active component, the reactive compound of be usually used in preventing and treating crop pest below can proposing---particularly You Hai insect---and disease, for example, anabasine (neonicotinoid) class insecticidal compounds, it is represented as Imidacloprid (imidacloprid), thiophene worm quinoline (thiacloprid), thiophene worm amine (clothianidin), thiophene worm piperazine (thiamethoxam), Nitenpyram (nitenpyram), MTI-446 (dinotefuran), Acetamiprid (acetamiprid), fluorine worm clear (fipronil), ring propionyl mattress amine (carpropamid), dichlocimet, tricyclazole (tricyclazole), pyroquilon (pyroquilon), probenazole (probenazole), thiophene fluorine mattress amine (thifluzamide), pleocidin (spinosad), emamection benaoate (emamectin benzoate), 2 '-cyano group-3,4-two chloro-isothiazole-5-formailide, orysastrobin (orysastrobin), tiadinil (tiadinil) etc.These reactive compounds all can use separately or two or more are used in combination.
The reactive compound of the pest control that is comprised in the granular composition (a) with granular composition (b) or the reactive compound of the pest control that is comprised (c) can be identical, perhaps also can differ from one another.
There is no particular limitation for the total amount of the reactive compound of pest control in the mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention, but can change in the scope of broad according to the kind of reactive compound, effectiveness (utility) etc.Usually, in the weight of the granular agrichemical composition that mixes, preferably 0.5-10%, particularly 1-5%.
Equally, also there is no particular limitation for the relative scale of the reactive compound of granular composition (a) and granular composition (b) or the pest control that (c) comprised in the mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention, but can be according to the kind and the performance of reactive compound, treat the kind of pest control and go out present condition (state of emergence) etc. and change.Usually, granular composition (a) can comprise about 1/15-of the total content of the reactive compound of pest control in the mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention about 1/2, preferred about 1/8 to about 1/4, and granular composition (b) or (c) can comprise remaining content.
As employed adhesive in the granular composition (a), can propose, for example polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, dextrin, mosanom etc.Especially, polyvinyl alcohol is preferred.
Employed macromolecule resin as granular composition (b) or (c), can propose polyurethane resin, preferred waterborne polyurethane resin, its representative example can propose SUPERFLEX 820 (Di-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. (Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku) manufacturing), SUPERFLEX 160 (the same), BONDIC 2220 ((the Dainippon Ink﹠amp of Dainippon Ink. ﹠ Chemicals Inc; Chemicals) make), HYDRAN AP-20 (the same) etc.
Employed lyophobic dust as granular composition (b) or (c) can propose, for example calcium stearate, dolomol, aluminum stearate etc., wherein preferred especially calcium stearate.Water-soluble substances as using in the granular composition (c) can propose, for example potassium sulphate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, urea, ammonium sulfate and carbohydrate, wherein preferably sulfuric acid potassium.
As granular composition (a) and/or (b) and/or the agricultural agent that can comprise (c), can propose, for example surfactant, solid diluent (solid diluent), colouring agent etc.
As surfactant, can propose, for example anion surfactant, for example lignosulphonates, alkyl phosphate, soap, alkylsulfonate, alkylbenzenesulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonic acids-formaldehyde-condensation product, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulphate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyalkylene triphenylethylene base phenyl ether sulphate, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer sulphate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl sulfosuccinate (sulfosuccinate), polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphate etc.; Non-ionic surface active agent, for example polyoxyalkylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene fatty acid ester, polyoxyalkylene triphenylethylene base phenyl ether, polyoxyalkylene alkylamine, sorbitan fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty ester, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan ester, fatty glyceride, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block polymer alkyl phenyl ether etc.; And amphoteric surfactant, for example aliphatic alkyl betain, alkylammonium salt etc., cationic surfactant, for example Fixanol, polyethylene polyamine fatty acid amide (polyethylene polyamine fattyacid amide) etc.
As solid diluent, can propose, for example mineral matter, for example fine powder of clay, float stone, burnt diatomite, kaolin, talcum, acid clay, calcium carbonate etc.
As colouring agent, can propose, for example inorganic pigment (for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue etc.), organic dyestuff (for example alizarin dyes, azo dyes, metal phthalocyanine dyestuff etc.), micronutrient (for example iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum, zinc etc., or its salt) etc.
As other insecticides adjuvant except that above-mentioned example, also can use white carbon etc. in addition.
Employed grain nuclear can propose particulate matter for example calciferous, for example lime stone, marble etc. as the granular composition (a) and (b) or (c); Quartz sand (silica sand), float stone, clay particle, granular inorganic substances particle etc., wherein preferred quartz sand.The particle diameter of quartz sand can be the about 1700 μ m of about 300 μ m-among the present invention, preferred 500 μ m-1400 μ m.
Granular composition (a) can prepare by for example following method: a kind of adhesive that will be dissolved in the suitable quantity of water is sprayed on the quartz sand, by the ground wet mix that stirs, the bulk composition (bulk composition) that adds the reactive compound, white carbon and the clay that include pest control, by stirring and mixing composition is coated on the quartz sand, dry then entire product.
Granular composition (b) can prepare by for example following method: the waterborne polyurethane resin that will be scattered in the suitable quantity of water is sprayed on the quartz sand, evenly stirring makes it wetting, add the bulk composition that is similar to above-mentioned bulk composition, by stirring and mixing composition is coated on the quartz sand, dry entire product is with preparation primary granule (primary granule), and then the waterborne polyurethane resin that will be scattered in the suitable quantity of water is sprayed on the primary granule, stir the mixture and make it evenly wetting, add the mixture of talcum and calcium stearate, make its mixing by stirring then.
Granular composition (c) can prepare with preparation granular composition (b) similar methods, wherein adds water-soluble substances in the mixture of described talcum and calcium stearate, for example potassium sulphate.
Granular composition (a) in the mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention generally can be 2/3-3/2 with granular composition (b) or charge ratio (c), preferred 1: 1.
The seedling growing box that mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention can be used for to crop---particularly paddy rice---is used.For example; can in sowing optional a period of time before be about to transplant rice class seedling, mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention be applied to seedling growing box, thereby but cover crop avoids insect after migrating to the rice field---particularly You Hai insect---with the influence of disease.
There is no particular limitation for the amount of application of the mixing granular agrichemical composition of the present invention in seedling growing box to be administered, but can change according to the kind of composition pesticide, the kind of insect etc.
Hereinafter reference example is set forth the present invention in more concrete mode.Yet the present invention should not only limit to these embodiment.
Example of formulations 1
Granular composition (a-1)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 0.52 weight %
White carbon 0.052 weight %
Clay 0.148 weight %
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.05 weight %
Quartz sand 99.23 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (a-1) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (a).
Granular composition (b-1)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 3.64 weight %
White carbon 0.364 weight %
Clay 1.026 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 3.3 weight %
Talcum 1.25 weight %
Calcium stearate 11.25 weight %
Quartz sand 79.17 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (b-1) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (b).
With granular composition (a-1) with (b-1) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 2
Granular composition (a-2)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 1.04 weight %
White carbon 0.104 weight %
Clay 0.296 weight %
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.05 weight %
Quartz sand 98.51 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (a-2) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (a).
Granular composition (b-2)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 3.12 weight %
White carbon 0.312 weight %
Clay 0.878 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 3.3 weight %
Talcum 1.25 weight %
Calcium stearate 11.25 weight %
Quartz sand 79.89 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (b-2) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (b).
With granular composition (a-2) with (b-2) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 3
Granular composition (a-3)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 2.07 weight %
White carbon 0.207 weight %
Clay 0.593 weight %
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.05 weight %
Quartz sand 97.08 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (a-3) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (a).
Granular composition (b-3)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 2.07 weight %
White carbon 0.207 weight %
Clay 0.593 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 3.3 weight %
Talcum 1.25 weight %
Calcium stearate 11.25 weight %
Quartz sand 81.33 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (b-3) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (b).
With granular composition (a-3) with (b-3) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 4
Granular composition (a-4)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 0.41 weight %
White carbon 0.041 weight %
Clay 0.119 weight %
Polyvinyl alcohol 0.05 weight %
Quartz sand 99.38 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (a-4) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (a).
Granular composition (b-4)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 3.74 weight %
White carbon 0.374 weight %
Clay 1.056 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 3.3 weight %
Talcum 1.25 weight %
Calcium stearate 11.25 weight %
Quartz sand 79.03 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (b-4) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (b).
With granular composition (a-4) with (b-4) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 5
Granular composition (a-1)
Identical with the composition described in the above-mentioned example of formulations 1
Granular composition (c-1)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 3.64 weight %
White carbon 0.364 weight %
Clay 11.026 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 5.85 weight %
Sliding 2.00 weight %
Calcium stearate 14.0 weight %
Potassium sulphate 4.00 weight %
Quartz sand 59.12 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (c-1) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (c).
With granular composition (a-1) with (c-1) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 6
Granular composition (a-2)
Identical with the composition described in the above-mentioned example of formulations 2
Granular composition (c-2)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 3.12 weight %
White carbon 0.312 weight %
Clay 10.878 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 5.85 weight %
Sliding 2.00 weight %
Calcium stearate 14.0 weight %
Potassium sulphate 4.00 weight %
Quartz sand 59.84 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (c-2) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (c).
With granular composition (a-2) with (c-2) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 7
Granular composition (a-3)
Identical with the composition described in the above-mentioned example of formulations 3
Granular composition (c-3)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 2.07 weight %
White carbon 0.207 weight %
Clay 10.593 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 5.85 weight %
Sliding 2.00 weight %
Calcium stearate 14.0 weight %
Potassium sulphate 4.00 weight %
Quartz sand 61.28 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (c-3) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (c).
With granular composition (a-3) with (c-3) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Example of formulations 8
Granular composition (a-4)
Identical with the composition described in the above-mentioned example of formulations 4
Granular composition (c-4)
Imidacloprid (purity 98%) 3.74 weight %
White carbon 0.374 weight %
Sticking 11.056 weight %
Waterborne polyurethane resin (SUPERFLEX 820) 5.85 weight %
Sliding 2.00 weight %
Calcium stearate 14.0 weight %
Potassium sulphate 4.00 weight %
Quartz sand 58.98 weight %
Adopt above component, prepare, obtain granular composition (c-4) according to the preparation method of above-mentioned granular composition (c).
With granular composition (a-4) with (c-4) with the ratio batching of 1: 1 (weight), obtain the granular agrichemical composition of mixing of the present invention.
Test implementation example 1: dissolution test
(add 1500ml water in 19 * 28 * 8cm) at a container.With in the example of formulations 1 preparation granular composition (a-1) and (b-1) each 75mg put into container.1, after 2,3,5,7,9,11,14,17,21,24,28 and 31 days, takes out a part of water, the concentration of the Imidacloprid by the high-efficient liquid phase chromatogram technique measuring stripping.The result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Test implementation example 2: dissolution test
Adopt in the above-mentioned example of formulations 2 granular composition (a-2) of preparation and (b-2), carry out dissolution test according to the mode identical with test implementation example 1.The result is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Test implementation example 3: biological effect test (to control efficiency and the phytotoxicity of rice water elephant)
Test formulation
A: the granular agrichemical composition of the mixing that obtains in the example of formulations 2
B: the granular agrichemical composition of the mixing that obtains in the example of formulations 1
Reference substance: commercially available Imidacloprid case granula (box granule) (2%)
Method of testing
The seedling cultivation of rice case (evenly insert soil (golden yellow compost (golden compost) the 2.5L/ case that contains zeolite) with sower (THS-2205, Suzutec makes) among inner frame: 28cm * 58cm * 3cm), with it as bed soil (bed soil).Sow (the mutation: KOSHIHIKARI), and water (0.8L/ case) of 180g paddy rice in each case equably.Respectively handle with test formulation on the sowing surface, and use and the soil covering (1.2L/ case) together of the bed soil phase.To place seedling equipment (30 ℃) 3 days to germinate through the seedling growing box of chemical treatments, then with the seedling kind in plastic tunnel (vinyl house).
Resemble the effect of (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) with the control rice water of granula (2%) as the Imidacloprid case of reference substance for research, be different from above-mentioned treated seedling and prepare seedling separately without any chemical treatments, and when transplanting with the above-mentioned undressed seedling of contrast chemical treatments.
By 7,10,14 days phytotoxicity situation after 3 days germination and the chemical treatments after the range estimation chemical treatment, detect phytotoxicity.By following standard evaluation result.
Adult is to the harm situation of every nursery 100 strains in the time of 14,22 and 29 days by observing the transplanting back, and detection prevents and treats the effect of rice water elephant.The result who divides six each strains of grade evaluation.Based on evaluation result, make comparisons with untreated nursery, to calculate control value (controlling value).
The phytotoxicity evaluating standard
-: plant-less toxicity
±: observe a little phytotoxicity
+: phytotoxicity is obvious, but plant growing is not had influence
++: phytotoxicity is obvious, and growth is had negative effect
+++: causes the withered serious phytotoxicity of plant
The evaluation criterion of harm situation (resembling the harm that causes by rice water)
0: harmless
1: 1-2 place bite mark is observed in every strain.
2: 3-6 place bite mark is observed in every strain.
3: the bite mark that the 3-5 group connects together is observed in every strain.
4: about 10 groups of bite marks that connect together are observed in every strain.
5: all observe the bite mark that connects together on all leaves of plant, and owing to the whole plant of harm is white in color.
The computational methods of the extent of injury
The extent of injury=[(0 * N0+1 * N1+2 * N2+4 * N3+8 * N4+12 * N5)/12 * (N0+N1+N2+N3+N4+N5)] * 100
N0: the plant quantity of hazard rating 0, N1: the plant quantity of hazard rating 1, N2: the plant quantity of hazard rating 2, N3: the plant quantity of hazard rating 3, N4: the plant quantity of hazard rating 4, N5: the plant quantity of hazard rating 5.
The computational methods of control value
Control value %
=[(extent of injury in the extent of injury in the nursery of being untreated-treated nursery)/
The extent of injury in nursery is untreated] * 100
The result is shown in table 3 and table 4.
Table 3(phytotoxicity: handle during sowing)
*)Development stage
Table 4(rice water resembles control efficiency)
Claims (2)
1. granular composition, the blend compositions of the reactive compound by will including pest control, macromolecule resin, lyophobic dust, talcum and optional agricultural agent are coated on grain nuclear and go up and make.
2. the granular composition of claim 1, wherein macromolecule resin is a waterborne polyurethane resin, and lyophobic dust is a calcium stearate, and grain nuclear is quartz sand.
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WO2017186577A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 | 2017-11-02 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesselschaft | Timed-release-type granular agrochemical composition and method for manufacturing same |
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KR20060134843A (en) | 2006-12-28 |
CN1883263B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
CN102100228B (en) | 2014-02-19 |
KR101380775B1 (en) | 2014-04-04 |
CN1883263A (en) | 2006-12-27 |
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