CN102086137B - Drought-resistant controlled-release fertilizer special for corn in northwest regions as well as preparation method and applications thereof - Google Patents
Drought-resistant controlled-release fertilizer special for corn in northwest regions as well as preparation method and applications thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drought-resistant controlled-release fertilizer special for corn in northwest regions as well as a preparation method and the applications thereof. The fertilizer is prepared by compounding water swelling and conservation composition, sulfur high-molecular polymer coated urea, sulfur coated urea, potassium chloride composite fertilizer and zinc sulfate, wherein the water swelling and conservation composition is prepared by mixing and pelleting weathered coal, water-absorbent resin, soybean meal and corn cob powder; and the fertilizer is mainly suitable for drought and semiarid soil in Gansu, Ningxia, northern Shaanxi, southern Xinjiang and west Inner Mongolia in China and used as a base fertilizer to be applied once before rowing corn. With the nutrient proportion, the special fertilizer is suitable for the high-yield need of corn in northwest regions, the effect of the controlled-release fertilizer and is improved, and the fertilizer application problem of coated corn in northwest regions is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of release and release control fertilizer, particularly be used for the geographic drought resisting type of NORTHWEST CHINA corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer material and preparation and application, belong to the release and release control fertilizer production technical field.
Background technology
In the past, the vast arid of NORTHWEST CHINA, semiarid zone comprise Gansu, Ningxia, the north, Shaanxi, western part, Inner Mongol etc., because rainfall amount few (general annual rainfall 300 millimeter), and non-irrigated condition again, maize sown area is little, yields poorly.Along with the corn planting new technology, particularly full film double-furrow is broadcast applying of corn, these geographic maize sown areas enlarge rapidly, output also increases substantially, only Gansu Province's maize sown area has just surpassed 1,000 ten thousand mu, ground corn full film double-furrows such as the Yan'an in Shaanxi Province, Yulin are broadcast the highest per mu yield and have been broken through 1000 kilograms, for the grain security of China provides the reserve support.
Full film double-furrow is broadcast corn and is promoted in arid, semiarid zone big area, and traditional fertilizer practice has been proposed challenge.Corn is a kind of fertile more crops that need, and compares with corn planting districts, ground such as China northeast, North China, and the Northwest's soil is barren relatively, the soil nutrient content deficiency, and along with improving constantly of corn yield, rate of fertilizer application also significantly increases.At present, based on the readily avaiable fertilizer kind, because the instantly-soluble of fertilizer determines, to be base manure use with topdressing to combine the fertilization mode in the production the Northwest's corn with fertilizer, and to topdress.The change of planting patterns is topdressed the overlay film corn and has been become a difficult problem.Undoubtedly, disposable base is executed, to discharge the slow-release or control-release fertilizer consistent with Maize Absorption be one of ways of addressing this issue to nutrient.
CN 100429186C discloses a kind of corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof, this patent document is according to the regulation of fertilizer requirement of corn, 5% and 6% thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, sulfur coating urea and Repone K composite fertilizer, Repone K, granular urea and zinc sulfate are carried out accurately composite, form corn proiprietary formula controlled release fertilizer.CN 101177365 B disclose a kind of long-acting special controlled release fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof, and fertilizer core accounts for 80～92% of fertilizer gross weight, and the coating coating accounts for 8～20% of fertilizer gross weight.Molten state sulphur and polyethylene wax are sprayed at the surface of fertilizer core synchronously, form release-controlled coated layer.More than two kinds of corn special-purpose fertilizers solved the nutrient proportioning of controlled release fertilizer and discharged the problem that meets the corn nutrition absorption, but also there are two aspect deficiencies in NORTHWEST CHINA area corn fertilizing, the one, the nutrient proportioning has only been considered the Maize Absorption situation, and does not relate to the Northwest's soil nutrient status.The 2nd, the nutrient of these two kinds of corn special-purpose fertilizers discharges and is fit to corn growth in the sufficient edaphic condition of moisture, with northwest drought, semi-arid soil certain gap is arranged.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of nutrient proportioning and be fit to the soil nutrient status of NORTHWEST CHINA arid, semiarid zone and the fertile rule of suction of corn, and the corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer with water-absorbing-retaining performance, the present invention also provides a kind of above-mentioned corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer preparation method and methods for using them.Can guarantee that the normal nutrient of controlled release fertilizer discharges in moisture build op around the fertiliser granulates when drought resisting type corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer of the present invention is applied in the relative water deficient of soil,, promote the healthy and strong growth of corn to improve the utilising efficiency of fertilizer nutrient.
The term explanation:
1, northwest drought, semiarid zone refer to China Gansu, Ningxia, the north, Shaanxi, southern Xinjiang or west area, Inner Mongol, and these regional soil water evaporation amounts are far longer than average precipitation, and general annual precipitation is below 500mm.
2, arid soil is meant that quantity of precipitation is few, and steam output is far longer than quantity of precipitation, annual precipitation below 200mm, the soil under the weather condition such as dust storm is many, cloud amount is few, sunshine is strong.
3, semi-arid soil is meant that quantity of precipitation is less, and steam output is greater than quantity of precipitation, the soil under the annual precipitation 200-500mm weather condition.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, raw materials quality part is as follows:
280～350 parts of water-absorbing-retaining compositions
Sulphur adds 100～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides
130～170 parts in sulfur coating urea
380～420 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
8～15 parts in zinc sulfate
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition is to be formed by 150～250 parts of weathered coals, 10～30 parts of water-absorbing resins, 30～80 parts of bean cake powders, 200～300 parts of mixing granulations of corn cob meal; Wherein water-absorbing resin is selected from polyacrylic acid potassium, polyacrylamide or carboxymethyl cellulose;
It is to be nuclear core fertilizer with the granular urea that described sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, and spraying inner cladding sulphur film sprays the surrounding layer polymer membrane again and makes earlier; Wherein, it is 20% that inner cladding sulphur mould material accounts for nuclear core fertilizer quality per-cent, the mass percent that polymer membrane accounts for nuclear core fertilizer is 2%, and is preferred, high polymer film-coated dose of mixing that is novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine with 9: 1 mass ratioes.The preparation method is referring to CN1246265C (200410024050.X) " is the preparation method of the high polymer film-coated controlled release fertilizer of undercoat with sulphur ", and the present invention quotes the full text of this patent document as prior art.Wherein, the preferred granular urea of nuclear core fertilizer urea, 2～3 millimeters of particle diameters.
Described sulfur coating urea is to be nuclear core fertilizer spraying sulphur film with the granular urea, and it is 25% that the sulphur mould material accounts for nuclear core fertilizer quality per-cent, by prior art for preparing.
The above sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, sulfur coating urea can be bought in market, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale, in the described Repone K composite fertilizer, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide content are respectively 15wt%, 15wt%, 15wt%.
Described zinc sulfate, the commercially available prod.
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition, 2～4 millimeters of preferable particle size.Raw material in the water-absorbing-retaining composition further is preferably as follows:
Described weathered coal is meant the expose portion in coal seam through effects such as long oxidation, hydrolysis, and variation has taken place for chemical constitution and character, and organic content reaches 40～80%, and wherein major part is the regeneration humic acids.
Described bean cake powder is that a kind of byproduct that obtains behind the soybean extraction soya-bean oil makes through physical pulverization, and particle diameter is less than 60 orders.
Described corn cob meal is that the pulverizing of corn cob direct physical makes, and particle diameter is less than 60 orders.
Described water-absorbing resin is the macromolecular material that a class has strong water-retaining capacity, optimization polypropylene acid potassium.
According to the present invention, optimized technical scheme is as follows:
One, drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, raw materials quality part is as follows:
340～350 parts of water-absorbing-retaining compositions,
Sulphur adds 100～110 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
145～155 parts in sulfur coating urea,
380～390 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers,
10～11 parts in zinc sulfate.
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition is to be formed by 210～250 parts of weathered coals, 25～30 parts of water-absorbing resins, 50～80 parts of bean cake powders, 200～250 parts of mixing granulations of corn cob meal; Wherein water-absorbing resin is selected from polyacrylic acid potassium.
Above-mentioned screening formulation one is particularly suitable for arid soil.
Two, drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, raw materials quality part is as follows:
280～290 parts of water-absorbing-retaining compositions,
Sulphur adds 140～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
130～140 parts in sulfur coating urea,
410～420 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers,
14～15 parts in zinc sulfate.
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition is to be formed by 150～200 parts of weathered coals, 10～20 parts of water-absorbing resins, 30～45 parts of bean cake powders, 260～300 parts of mixing granulations of corn cob meal; Wherein water-absorbing resin is selected from polyacrylic acid potassium.
Above-mentioned screening formulation two is particularly suitable for semi-arid soil.
The preparation method of drought resisting type of the present invention the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, step is as follows:
1, weathered coal, water-absorbing resin, bean cake powder, corn cob meal are formed by the formula rate mixing granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters get the water-absorbing-retaining composition;
2, above-mentioned water conservation composition, sulphur are added high molecular polymer coated carbamide, sulfur coating urea, Repone K composite fertilizer, zinc sulfate and put into stirrer together by proportioning and stirred 5～10 minutes, fully mixing promptly.
Then the fertilizer that mixes is sent into metering, wrapping machine measures, packs.
The application of drought resisting type of the present invention the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, this fertilizer mainly is applicable to arid, the semi-arid soil in China Gansu, Ningxia, the north, Shaanxi, southern Xinjiang or west area, Inner Mongol, once apply 50～60 kilograms of every mu of consumptions at corn seeding previous crops base manure.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1, the nutrient proportioning is fit to the Northwest's corn with high yield demand
Corn is the more crop of absorbed nitrogen, potassium, compares with ground soil such as Jilin, China corn main producing region, Liaoning, and the Northwest's soil potassium content is abundanter, the plain medium level of phosphorus, nitrogen wretched insufficiency.Drought resisting type of the present invention the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer material forms according to the Northwest's soil nutrient characteristics and the accurate configuration of Maize Absorption characteristic just, can satisfy the corn with high yield needs.
2, improve the fat effect of the Northwest's controlled release
The nutrient of coating controlled-release fertilizer discharges with soil moisture closely related, in the soil moisture scope of corn normal growth, its nutrient burst size improves with the increase of soil moisture, because fertilizer is generally executed in 10～20 cm layer of soil of soil, in the arid area, the easy water deficient of this soil layer, but corn is can dirt long, because some root system is in below 20 centimetres.Drought resisting type of the present invention the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer contains suction, water conservation composition, has suction, water retention capacity, can store rainfall and irrigate moisture, and the influence that the soil moisture deficiency discharges fertilizer nutrient when alleviating because of arid improves fertilizer efficiency.
3, solve the fertilising difficult problem of northwest drought, semiarid zone overlay film corn
At present, based on the readily avaiable fertilizer kind, because the fertilizer dissolving is fast, single-dose application can not be too many, otherwise cause the burning root easily, influences corn growth with fertilizer for the Northwest's corn.Base manure is used with topdressing to combine in the production, to topdress.Full film double-furrow is broadcast corn and is promoted in the Northwest's big area, corn is topdressed become a difficult problem.The disposable base of drought resisting type of the present invention the Northwest's corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer is executed, and needn't topdress, and has solved a corn fertilizing difficult problem.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 0～20 centimetre of soil nutrient figure of corn main producing region, Shaanxi soil, and X-coordinate is the nutrient kind, and ordinate zou is a nutrient content (unit: mg/kg).
Fig. 2 is 0～20 centimetre of soil nutrient figure of corn main producing region, Gansu soil, and X-coordinate is the nutrient kind, and ordinate zou is a nutrient content (unit: mg/kg).
Fig. 3 is 0～20 centimetre of soil nutrient figure of corn main producing region, Jilin soil, and X-coordinate is the nutrient kind, and ordinate zou is a nutrient content (unit: mg/kg).
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.
Weathered coal, surface mines coal works, Ningwu County, Shanxi Province produces, organic content 60.2wt%.
Bean cake powder is Gaomi City, Shandong Province grease in the new year limited liability company product.
Water-absorbing resin, polyacrylic acid potassium, commercially available prod.
It is that Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces that sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, it is KPS03 (35-0-0) that sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide product type, granular urea is nuclear core fertilizer, it is 20% that inner cladding sulphur mould material accounts for nuclear core fertilizer quality per-cent, the mass percent that polymer membrane accounts for nuclear core fertilizer is 2%, high polymer film-coated dose of mixing that is novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine with 9: 1 mass ratioes.
Sulfur coating urea is that Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces, and product type is KWS03 (34-0-0), and granular urea is nuclear core fertilizer, and it is 25% that the sulphur mould material accounts for nuclear core fertilizer quality per-cent.
Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts, and all per-cents are mass percent.
Embodiment 1:
Drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, raw materials quality part is as follows:
Water-absorbing-retaining composition 350kg,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 100kg,
Sulfur coating urea 150kg,
Repone K composite fertilizer 390kg,
Zinc sulfate 10kg.
The preparation method:
Get weathered coal 200kg, bean cake powder 50kg, corn cob meal 240kg, polyacrylic acid potassium 20kg mixes, the disk granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters get the water-absorbing-retaining composition.
Get above-mentioned water-absorbing-retaining composition, sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, sulfur coating urea, and Repone K composite fertilizer, zinc sulfate is put into stirrer together by proportioning and was stirred 5～10 minutes, and fully mixing is promptly.Then the fertilizer that mixes is sent into metering, wrapping machine measures, packs.
Embodiment 2: drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Water-absorbing-retaining composition 300kg,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 120kg,
Sulfur coating urea 168kg,
Repone K composite fertilizer 400kg,
Zinc sulfate 12kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Water-absorbing-retaining composition 330kg,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 142kg,
Sulfur coating urea 140kg,
Repone K composite fertilizer 380kg,
Zinc sulfate 8kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, and raw materials quality part is as follows:
Water-absorbing-retaining composition 280kg,
Sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide 150kg,
Sulfur coating urea 135kg,
Repone K composite fertilizer 420kg,
Zinc sulfate 15kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples: universal corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces, product type YM 30-8-10.
Test site: Dingxi City, Gansu Province, Shaanxi Province's Yulin City.
Test period: year September in June, 2010 to 2010.
For trying corn variety: Dingxi City Yuyu No.22, Yulin City Shen Yu 17.
Embodiment 1-4 is identical with the Comparative Examples fertilizer amount, 60 kilograms every mu.Fertilizing method is to utilize that sowing, overlay film one machinery are disposable at seeding time all executes 5 centimeters below corn seed.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1 is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
Claims (6)
1. drought resisting type the Northwest corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer is characterized in that raw materials quality part is as follows:
280～350 parts of water-absorbing-retaining compositions
Sulphur adds 100～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides
130～170 parts in sulfur coating urea
380～420 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
8～15 parts in zinc sulfate
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition is to be formed by 150～250 parts of weathered coals, 10～30 parts of water-absorbing resins, 30～80 parts of bean cake powders, 200～300 parts of mixing granulations of corn cob meal; Wherein water-absorbing resin is selected from polyacrylic acid potassium, polyacrylamide or carboxymethyl cellulose;
It is to be nuclear core fertilizer with the granular urea that described sulphur adds the high molecular polymer coated carbamide, and spraying inner cladding sulphur film sprays the surrounding layer polymer membrane again and makes earlier; Wherein, it is 20% that inner cladding sulphur mould material accounts for nuclear core fertilizer quality per-cent, and the mass percent that polymer membrane accounts for nuclear core fertilizer is 2%, high polymer film-coated dose of mixing that is novolac epoxy and triethylene tetramine with 9: 1 mass ratioes;
Described sulfur coating urea is to be nuclear core fertilizer spraying sulphur film with the granular urea, and it is 25% that the sulphur mould material accounts for nuclear core fertilizer quality per-cent;
In the described Repone K composite fertilizer, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide content are respectively 15wt%, 15wt%, 15wt%.
2. corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described water-absorbing resin is a polyacrylic acid potassium.
3. corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials quality part is as follows:
340～350 parts of water-absorbing-retaining compositions,
Sulphur adds 100～110 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
145～155 parts in sulfur coating urea,
380～390 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers,
10～11 parts in zinc sulfate,
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition is to be formed by 210～250 parts of weathered coals, 25～30 parts of water-absorbing resins, 50～80 parts of bean cake powders, 200～250 parts of mixing granulations of corn cob meal; Wherein water-absorbing resin is selected from polyacrylic acid potassium; Be particularly suitable for arid soil.
4. corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that raw materials quality part is as follows:
280～290 parts of water-absorbing-retaining compositions,
Sulphur adds 140～150 parts of high molecular polymer coated carbamides,
130～140 parts in sulfur coating urea,
410～420 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers,
14～15 parts in zinc sulfate,
Described water-absorbing-retaining composition is to be formed by 150～200 parts of weathered coals, 10～20 parts of water-absorbing resins, 30～45 parts of bean cake powders, 260～300 parts of mixing granulations of corn cob meal; Wherein water-absorbing resin is selected from polyacrylic acid potassium; Be particularly suitable for semi-arid soil.
5. the preparation method of each described corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer of claim 1-4, step is as follows:
(1) weathered coal, water-absorbing resin, bean cake powder, corn cob meal are formed by the formula rate mixing granulation, 2～4 millimeters of particle diameters get the water-absorbing-retaining composition;
(2) above-mentioned water conservation composition, sulphur are added high molecular polymer coated carbamide, sulfur coating urea, Repone K composite fertilizer, zinc sulfate and put into stirrer together by proportioning and stirred 5～10 minutes, fully mixing promptly.
6. the application of claim 1 or 2 described corn-specific controlled-release fertilizers, this fertilizer mainly is applicable to arid, the semi-arid soil in China Gansu, Ningxia, the north, Shaanxi, southern Xinjiang or west area, Inner Mongol, once apply 50～60 kilograms of every mu of consumptions at corn seeding previous crops base manure.
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| CN102285846B (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2012-09-26 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for platycodon root Chinese herbal medicine and preparation and use thereof |
| CN102320895B (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-07-11 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special controlled release fertilizer for leaf vegetables in conditioning-type facility as well as preparation and application methods thereof |
| CN102515982A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2012-06-27 | 北京市农林科学院 | Special coated controlled release fertilizer for spring maize and preparation method thereof |
| CN102659473B (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-11-18 | 衡水东辉生物科技有限公司 | A kind of slow-releasing granules chemical fertilizer and preparation method thereof that can prevent luming |
| CN103387464A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2013-11-13 | 甘肃省敦煌种业股份有限公司 | Special drought-resisting fertilizer for corns for seeds and preparation method thereof |
| CN103694060B (en) * | 2013-09-22 | 2015-06-24 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Corn special fertilizer under corn peanut intercropping condition and preparation method thereof |
| CN104447070B (en) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-07-11 | 安徽帝元生物科技有限公司 | A kind of corn Chemical Mixed Fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113264795A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-08-17 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Controlled release fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN113943196B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-06-24 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Special fertilizer for corn and peanut intercropping rotation tillage and cultivation method for maintaining soil organic carbon balance |
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| CN101152987A (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-02 | 辽宁普乐科技发展有限公司 | High-efficiency compound fertilizers and method of producing the same |
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