CN102075260B - Heralded single-photon source generation device for quantum communication - Google Patents
Heralded single-photon source generation device for quantum communication Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heralded single-photon source generation device for quantum communication, comprising: a clock module, a control unit, a controllable electric switch module, an electric narrow-pulse source module, an amplification module, a semiconductor laser, a numerical control variable optical attenuator, an optical coupler, an optical power detection module and a fixed optical attenuator; the optical power detection module receives a laser pulse from the optical coupler, and measures size of the laser pulse optical power; the control unit determines amount of attenuation of the variable optical attenuator according to the power detected by the optical power detection module, and transmits a control instruction to the numerical control variable optical attenuator to enable the same to reach appointed amount of attenuation. The heralded single-photon source generation device has the advantages of steady output, low complexity and easy control, and can be used for a quantum communication system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to quantum communications field, relate to the Primary Component of quantum communication system transmitting terminal---single-photon source, perfect single-photon source is realized more difficult at present, only there is little experiment report, most of quantum communication system all adopts the laser of decay as accurate single-photon source, and the present invention has designed a kind of accurate single-photon source generation device for quantum communications.
Background technology
Quantum communications be communication theory and quantum mechanics combine produce forward position cross discipline, since BB84 agreement in 1984 is born, quantum communications development is very swift and violent, cause the great attention of academia, business circles and the defense sector of countries in the world, become the focus of research, and will form huge industry.The maximum feature of quantum communications is its Unconditional security having and high efficiency, and its specific works mode has: (1) quantum secret communication based on quantum key distribution; (2) quantum dense coding; (3) quantum teleportation; (4) Quantum Secure Direct Communication; (5) quantum secret sharing; (6) based on quantum cryptography algorithm quantum secret communication etc.
The carrier of quantum information has a variety of, and what be the most easily implemented surely belongs to based on single photon pulses or entangled photons beared information, communicates by letter because the optical fiber link of classical communication can be used to carry out light quantum with device.The experiment progress of the quantum secret communication of two user's point-to-points is very fast, and some enterprises have carried out small-scale commercialization as Id-quantique company of Switzerland.
Single-photon source is the important devices of quantum communication system.At present the generation scheme of single photon has: CdSe (ZnS) nano particle, quantum dot single-photon source and the laser damped method of monatomic laser, individual molecule laser, laser based on fault in material, revolving door single photon device, water-soluble core shell structure.In above-mentioned various scheme, the shortcoming of monatomic laser is the tolerance of single atom and obtains difficulty, the also rare photon to being applicable to communication band, and need harsh cooling condition; The advantage of individual molecule laser is to carry out at ambient temperature, can realize at present from ultraviolet to infrared photo emissions, as the researcher of Rochester university dopant dye molecule in liquid crystal, realize single photon emission, the shortcoming of this kind of material is less stable, has bleaching problem; The speed ratio of the laser photon transmitting based on fault in material is lower, has limited its photon transmission speed; Revolving door single photon device can be realized single photon emission in theory, is that the tunnel effect based on electronics and hole realizes under AC drive voltage, but the extremely low temperature of this Technology Need; It is flexible that CdSe (ZnS) nano particle of water-soluble core shell structure has synthesis mode, advantages such as wavelength is adjustable, size shape is controlled, low cost and be widely used in biology, luminescence display and optical communication field.Be transmitted in cancellation in picosecond range because the Auger effect in nano particle causes many excitons, make it have obstacle for single photon emission; Quantum dot single-photon source can stably send single photon stream, each photon can be separated by spectral filter, compared with other single-photon sources, quantum dot single-photon source has high oscillator strength, narrow breadth of spectrum line, and light can not occur to fade, the single-photon source of quantum-dot structure is considered to most potential a kind of single-photon source, but also have now a lot of difficult problems will go to solve, as the monochromaticjty control of the homogeneity control of size, shape, spectrum, biexction modulation and emission characteristics thereof, single photon coding and detection etc.; Laser damped method is current the most frequently used single photon production method, by accurately laser being carried out to overdamp, makes each average pulse number of photons be less than 0.1, thereby obtains accurate single-photon source.
From upper analysis, in quantum communication system, desirable single-photon source is very difficult to preparation, often by narrow laser pulse is decayed to obtain accurate single-photon source.And the narrow laser pulse of 1550nm wavelength normally directly drives semiconductor laser to produce by narrow electric pulse.For quantum communication system, fail safe, stability and the performance of stable laser pulse to system is most important, and in current open report, has no the report that ensures accurate single-photon source stability.
Secondly,, in various pulse shaping technology, comparatively generally adopt taking high-speed separation element if avalanche diode, tunnel diode etc. are as core, in conjunction with the pulse generate technology of microstrip circuit.The pulse signal main feature of utilizing this technology to generate is exactly pulse width (reaching 110ps), but the shortcoming of this method is to be difficult to control impuls width and repetition rate, can not be used for quantum communication system.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, proposes a kind of accurate single-photon source generation device for quantum communications, realizes stable, pulsewidth and is less than the accurate single-photon source that 1 nanosecond, average photon number is less than 0.1.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
For an accurate single-photon source generation device for quantum communications, comprising: clock module, control unit, controllable electrical switches module, electric burst pulse source module, amplification module, semiconductor laser, numerical control variable optical attenuator, optical coupler, luminous power detection module and fixed optical attenuator;
Described clock module produces rectangular pulse, in order to trigger described electric burst pulse source; The narrow source module that rushes of described electricity is triggered by the clock signal of described clock module, produces burst pulse; Described amplification module is amplified to described burst pulse can the required amplitude of direct-drive semiconductor laser; Described semiconductor laser receives the narrow pulse signal amplifying through amplification module, at the driving modulated output laser pulse of this signal; Described numerical control variable optical attenuator receives the control command from control unit, regulates its attenuation; Described optical coupler a part of laser pulse that is coupled is given described luminous power detection module and is measured; Described luminous power detection module receives the described laser pulse from optical coupler, measures the size of this laser pulse luminous power; The power that described control unit measures according to luminous power detection module, determines the attenuation of numerical control variable attenuator, sends control command to numerical control variable attenuator, makes it to reach the attenuation of appointment.
Described accurate single-photon source generation device, the rising edge clock signal of clock module triggers the narrow source module that rushes of described electricity.
Described accurate single-photon source generation device, described amplification module is wide-band amplifier, bandwidth is 0-2GHz.
Described accurate single-photon source generation device, described amplification module is amplified to described burst pulse to be greater than 1V.
Described accurate single-photon source generation device, described electric burst pulse source module comprises: delay circuit 1, delay circuit 2, level shifting circuit, d type flip flop, impedance inverter circuit; Described delay circuit 1 carries out nanosecond time delay d1 to clock signal, and described delay circuit 2 carries out time delay d2 to clock signal, d2 > d1, and d2 and d1 differ and were less than for 1 nanosecond; Transistor-Transistor Logic level is converted to ECL level by described level shifting circuit, adapts to high speed circuit; Described d type flip flop is with reseting port; Described impedance inverter circuit transforms to the output impedance of d type flip flop the input impedance of amplification module, realizes areflexia coupling.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the present invention is owing to having adopted luminous power detection module and numerical control variable optical attenuator, can adjust according to the luminous power self adaptation detecting the attenuation of numerical control variable optical attenuator, make the average photon number of each laser pulse after fixed optical attenuator be less than 0.1, overcome the unfavorable factor that laser output pulse rises and falls with external environments such as temperature.
(2) the electric burst pulse source module that the present invention proposes, can produce the burst pulse that is less than 1ns, and pulse duration and repetition rate are easy to control.In addition, implementation method is simple, has reduced the complexity of subscriber equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
The composition frame chart of Fig. 1 accurate single-photon source of the present invention;
Fig. 2 electric burst pulse module composition frame chart of the present invention;
Pulse combiner circuit sequential chart in Fig. 3 electric burst pulse module of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With reference to Fig. 1, accurate single-photon source of the present invention comprises clock module, control unit, controllable electrical switches module, electric burst pulse source module, amplification module, semiconductor laser, numerical control variable optical attenuator, optical coupler, luminous power detection module and fixed optical attenuator.
This clock module produces rectangular pulse, triggers electric burst pulse source with its rising edge, determines the operating frequency of clock module according to the pulse repetition frequency of required accurate single-photon source, and clock is selected crystal oscillator.
This controllable electrical switches module is opened or is closed under the instruction of control unit, and the clock that after opening, clock module produces can be by going to trigger electric burst pulse source module, and the clock that stops clock module to produce while closing passes through.
The narrow source module that rushes of this electricity is triggered by the rising edge clock of clock module, produces the electric burst pulse that is less than 1ns.
This amplification module is wide-band amplifier (bandwidth can be 0-2GHz), and electric burst pulse is amplified to can the required amplitude (being greater than 1V) of direct-drive semiconductor laser.
This semiconductor laser receives the narrow pulse signal amplifying through amplification module, and at the driving modulated output pulse laser of this signal, the live width of this semiconductor laser is the smaller the better, and frequency stability is more high better.
This numerical control variable optical attenuator receives the control command from control unit, regulates its attenuation, and trimming precision reaches 0.1dB.
Optical coupler a part of laser pulse that is coupled is given luminous power detection module and is measured, and the degree of coupling is chosen arbitrarily.
Luminous power detection module receives the laser pulse from optical coupler, measures the size of this laser pulse luminous power; Resolution reaches 0.01dBm.
Control unit includes the parameter list of customization in advance, its content is the corresponding relation list between " power-attenuation detecting ", method for customizing is: at accurate single-photon source output order photon detector, if pulse frequency is F, the detection efficient of single-photon detector is Y, the dark count digit rate of single-photon detector is D, the transfer rate of fiber channel is T, the every average pulse number of photons requiring is 0.1, the power that observation detects, regulate and record attenuation, the counting of single-photon detector is remained on [1-(1-D) * exp (0.1*T*Y)] * F, record corresponding attenuation with the fluctuating of the power detecting.
The power that control unit measures according to luminous power detection module, look into the parameter list of customization in advance, determine the attenuation of numerical control variable attenuator, send control command to numerical control variable attenuator, make it to reach the attenuation of appointment, thereby the power stability that ensures to arrive fixed attenuator input, makes the average photon number in final each laser pulse reach designated value (0.1 or less).
In addition, this control unit is also selected to trigger different electric burst pulse sources by gate-controlled switch, can be used for the quantum communication system based on inveigling state.
Fixed optical attenuator is further decayed and is produced the accurate single photon pulses that average photon number is less than 0.1, Insertion Loss 60dB laser pulse.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 2, electric burst pulse source module utilizes the asynchronous triggering signal of high-speed figure device output multi-channel, and the logical relation recycling between these triggering signals is carried out synthesis of narrow pulse.This electricity burst pulse module comprises: delay circuit 1, delay circuit 2, level shifting circuit, d type flip flop, impedance inverter circuit.This delay circuit 1 carries out nanosecond time delay d1 to outside trigger impulse, and this delay circuit 2 carries out time delay d2 (d2 > d1) to external pulse, and d2 and d1 differ and be less than 1 nanosecond (ns).This level shifting circuit is ECL (Emitter Couple Logic, emitter-coupled logic) level by TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic, transistor-transistor logic) level conversion, adapts to high speed circuit.This d type flip flop, with reseting port (Reset), is high speed device.This impedance inverter circuit transforms to the output impedance of d type flip flop the input impedance of amplification module, realizes areflexia coupling.
The general principle of described electric burst pulse source module is as follows: external trigger pulse is by two-way Precision delay circuit, delay circuit carries out respectively time delay to this external pulse, as the triggering signal of d type flip flop, utilize rising edge or the pulse of trailing edge signal synthesis of narrow of triggering signal, according to the needs that use, then pulse signals such as amplifies at corresponding the processing.
The D end of d type flip flop sets high level always, delay pulse 1 connects clock CLK end, delay pulse 2 connects Reset end, the pulse spacing of two time delays is very short, high level is firm to be dragged down immediately once exporting, can obtain synthetic pulse from Q end like this, the width of pulse is time delay poor of two-way triggering signal, and the sequential of this process as shown in Figure 3.
With reference to Fig. 2, impedance transformation is realized the output of d type flip flop and the Input matching of amplifier.Amplification module amplifies the burst pulse of electric burst pulse source module output, and the narrow pulse signal after amplification drives semiconductor laser.The width of burst pulse depends on the delay inequality of two-way delay circuit to source pulse, and repetition rate depends primarily on the frequency of active crystal oscillator.Visible, the key of whole pulse combiner circuit is on two-way delay circuit, and its delay precision, time delay step value have determined width and the adjustable accuracy of composite pulse.
Should be understood that, for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or convert, and all these improvement and conversion all should belong to the protection range of claims of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the accurate single-photon source generation device for quantum communications, it is characterized in that, comprising: clock module, control unit, controllable electrical switches module, electric burst pulse source module, amplification module, semiconductor laser, numerical control variable optical attenuator, optical coupler, luminous power detection module and fixed optical attenuator;
Described clock module produces rectangular pulse, in order to trigger described electric burst pulse source module; Described electric burst pulse source module is triggered by the clock signal of described clock module, produces burst pulse; Described burst pulse is amplified to the required amplitude of direct-drive semiconductor laser by described amplification module; Described semiconductor laser receives the narrow pulse signal amplifying through amplification module, directly modulates output laser pulse under the driving of this signal; Described numerical control variable optical attenuator receives the control command from control unit, regulates its attenuation; Described optical coupler a part of laser pulse that is coupled is given described luminous power detection module and is measured; Described luminous power detection module receives the laser pulse from described optical coupler, measures the size of this laser pulse luminous power; The power that described control unit measures according to luminous power detection module, determines the attenuation of numerical control variable optical attenuator, sends control command to numerical control variable optical attenuator, makes it to reach the attenuation of appointment; This controllable electrical switches module is opened or is closed under the instruction of control unit, and the clock signal that after opening, clock module produces can be by triggering electric burst pulse source module, and the clock signal that stops clock module to produce while closing is passed through; Fixed optical attenuator is further decayed and is produced the accurate single photon pulses that average photon number is less than 0.1, Insertion Loss 60dB laser pulse.
2. accurate single-photon source generation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the rising edge clock signal of clock module triggers described electric burst pulse source module.
3. accurate single-photon source generation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described amplification module is wide-band amplifier, and bandwidth is 0-2GHz.
4. accurate single-photon source generation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described amplification module is amplified to described burst pulse to be greater than 1V.
5. accurate single-photon source generation device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described electric burst pulse source module comprises: delay circuit 1, delay circuit 2, level shifting circuit, d type flip flop, impedance inverter circuit; Described delay circuit 1 carries out nanosecond time delay d1 to clock signal, and described delay circuit 2 carries out time delay d2 to clock signal, d2 > d1, and d2 and d1 differ and were less than for 1 nanosecond; Transistor-Transistor Logic level is converted to ECL level by described level shifting circuit, adapts to high speed circuit; Described d type flip flop is with reseting port; Described impedance inverter circuit transforms to the output impedance of d type flip flop the input impedance of amplification module, realizes areflexia coupling.
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| CN105591701A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-18 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Optical module and method for adjusting input optical power of optical module |
| CN104506308A (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2015-04-08 | 上海朗研光电科技有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing external modulation high-speed decoy-state quantum light sources |
| CN111313226B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-12-03 | 国开启科量子技术(北京)有限公司 | High-speed driving method and device for quantum communication high-extinction-ratio narrow-pulse light source |
| CN114448520B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2023-12-05 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Light intensity control method and device for stably outputting extremely weak light and QKD (quantum key distribution) equipment |
| CN113794555A (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2021-12-14 | 广西大学 | Silicon-based integrated quantum decoy state intensity modulation module and method |
| GB2615354A (en) * | 2022-02-07 | 2023-08-09 | Aegiq Ltd | Free space quantum key distribution |
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| CN1558581A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2004-12-29 | 华东师范大学 | A light quantum real stochastic source |
| CN101170362A (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-04-30 | 华东师范大学 | APD single photon detection circuit module |
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| CN1558581A (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2004-12-29 | 华东师范大学 | A light quantum real stochastic source |
| CN101170362A (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2008-04-30 | 华东师范大学 | APD single photon detection circuit module |
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