CN102074431B - Electron gun control circuit for electronic linear accelerator - Google Patents
Electron gun control circuit for electronic linear accelerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN102074431B CN102074431B CN2010105687962A CN201010568796A CN102074431B CN 102074431 B CN102074431 B CN 102074431B CN 2010105687962 A CN2010105687962 A CN 2010105687962A CN 201010568796 A CN201010568796 A CN 201010568796A CN 102074431 B CN102074431 B CN 102074431B
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- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000003412 degenerative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electron gun control circuit for an electronic linear accelerator. The electron gun control circuit comprises an alternating-current power supply circuit, an electron gun adjustable control circuit and a voltage-controlled voltage adjusting and phase modulation module; the electron gun adjustable control circuit outputs a control voltage, and the control voltage is output to the control voltage input end of the voltage-controlled voltage adjusting and phase modulation module; and the output end of the voltage-controlled voltage adjusting and phase modulation module is connected with the alternating-current power supply circuit to control the work of the alternating-current power supply circuit. Stability of electron beam current output by the accelerator can be realized by controlling the filament voltage of an electron gun. By setting a filament voltage preset value, the filament voltage of the electron gun on four potentiometers corresponding to high-energy gears and low-energy gears before and after beams are emitted can be conveniently adjusted. Due to the use of an isolating transformer in the alternating-current power supply circuit, pulse high voltage coming from a modulator and added on the filament of the electron gun can be effectively isolated, and working stability and safety of the electron gun control circuit are also increased. Due to the use of a feedback circuit, the emission of the filament of the electron gun can be automatically adjusted so that the emission of the filament tends to be stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electron gun control circuit that a kind of electron linear accelerator is used.
Technical background
In industrial accelerator irradiation is used; Manyly required that by irradiated material very high irradiation dose consistency is arranged (like semi-conducting material etc.); So the stability indicator to industrial irradiation electron linear accelerator line has proposed very high requirement, comprise long-time stability (several thoughtful some months) and short-term stability (a few minutes are to dozens of minutes).And the stability of accelerator electron gun filament voltage is a key factor that influences line stability.
In electron linear accelerator, the factor that influences line stability has a lot, and what wherein have the greatest impact is the variation of accelerating tube electronics acceleration mode and the variation of electron gun transmitted beam intensity of flow.Power klystron during the microwave power source of general 8-20MeV electron linear accelerator uses, working stability is reliable.Klystron modulator has the fixed ampllitude device, thereby the pulse power of the accelerating tube of feeding is stable.Electron gun is become the maximum factor of the stability influence of line.
The main AC power that adopts is supplied power to the electron gun in the accelerator in middle high energy industrial irradiation electron linear accelerator so far.But because the thermal stability of electron gun is bad, the line stability of accelerator emission is very poor.And electron gun is before and after high pressure is logical, and the state that goes out Shu Qianhou changes the instability that also can cause its work, so the accelerator line problem of unstable that is caused by the instability of electron gun emission current exists often.
Summary of the invention
1 goal of the invention
The objective of the invention is to the problem that above-mentioned prior art exists, realize stablizing the emission current of electron gun through designing a kind of electron gun control circuit, thereby reach the output line of steady accelerator.Circuit of the present invention is the purpose that reaches the output line of steady accelerator through control electron gun filament voltage.
The accelerator that the present invention is directed to is employed to be the barium-tungsten dispense cathode electron gun, and this electron gun is because of its inherent characteristic, and design work is in the temperature limitation state, and the minor fluctuations that imposes on gun cathode power all can cause the great changes of electron gun electron emission current.This characteristic both had been prone to make the output line unstable, but also helped controlling more delicately the line of accelerator.
2 technical schemes
The electron gun control circuit that a kind of electron linear accelerator is used comprises ac power circuit, electron gun adjustable control circuit and voltage-controlled escapo valve phase module; Said electron gun adjustable control circuit output control voltage, this control voltage is exported to the control voltage input terminal of voltage-controlled escapo valve phase module; Voltage-controlled escapo valve phase module output connects said ac power circuit, controls its work;
Said ac power circuit comprises regulating circuit and high pressure isolation filament transformer T2; Industrial-frequency alternating current is added to the primary side of T2 behind regulating circuit, the filament voltage U0 of the primary side output electron gun of T2, and the primary side of T2 provides the feedback voltage Uf of the filament of electron gun simultaneously;
Said electron gun adjustable control circuit comprises external control initialization circuit A1 and direct current amplifier A2;
Said external control initialization circuit A1 comprises the selection circuit of four voltage regulator circuits, four voltage regulator circuits; Said selection circuit control input connects and can select signal, go out to restraint signal and high pressure messenger by shelves, selects the output control gating relevant voltage regulating circuit of circuit; The signal Ud of the preset filament voltage value of said voltage regulator circuit output reflection;
Corresponding respectively four periods of regulating the velocitron filament voltage of said four voltage regulator circuits, four periods are respectively: 1) accelerator is given before the high voltage pulse of electron gun Calais automodulation device, before promptly high pressure leads to; 2) accelerator is given between the high voltage pulse and the real ejected electron line of accelerator of electron gun Calais automodulation device, and promptly high pressure is logical---go out between the bundle; Treat after the real ejected electron line of accelerator when 3) selecting the low energy shelves, after promptly the low energy shelves go out bundle; Treat after the real ejected electron line of accelerator when 4) selecting the high energy shelves, after promptly the high energy shelves go out bundle;
The input signal of said direct current amplifier A2 comprises: the signal of the preset filament voltage value of reflection, and the direct current value signal or the filament feedback voltage signal that reflect bundle line size; The output signal of A2 is a control voltage U 1, controls the conducting degree of voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module by U1, give the electron gun filament making alive by voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module output voltage U c through T2, the filament voltage U0 that has promptly controlled;
Before going out bundle, A2 carries out the difference amplification to the signal of filament feedback voltage signal and the preset filament voltage value of reflection; After going out bundle, A2 carries out difference to the direct current value signal that reflects bundle line size with the signal that reflects preset filament voltage value and amplifies.
Among the said external control initialization circuit A1,
Selecting circuit is relay TQ1, TQ2, TQ3, and TQ1 is to selecting signal, the corresponding high pressure messenger of TQ2, TQ3 correspondence to go out to restraint signal, TQ1 control switch K0, TQ2 control switch K1, TQ3 control switch K2-1 by shelves; Four voltage regulator circuits are respectively potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3 and RP4, and their are respectively corresponding 1 years old)～4) four periods;
Be connected between K0, K1, K2-1, RP1, RP2, RP3 and the RP4, make
Period 1), during no high pressure messenger, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP1;
Period 2), the high pressure messenger is arranged, but do not have the bundle of going out signal, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP2;
Period 3), the bundle of going out signal is arranged, and can shelves selection signal be the low energy shelves, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP3;
Period 4), the bundle of going out signal is arranged, and can work as that to select signal be the high energy shelves, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP1.
Select the said direct current value signal that reflects bundle line size by K switch 2-2, or the filament feedback voltage signal; TQ3 control switch K2-2.
Said direct current amplifier A2 comprises anti-phase summing amplifier N1:A and operational amplifier N1:B two parts; The negative input end of said N1:A connects the signal Ud of the preset filament voltage value of reflection, and the direct current value signal or the filament feedback voltage signal that reflect bundle line size; The output of N1:A connects time-delay and uses N1:B, N1:B output voltage U 1.
Also comprise state of activation relay change over switch K1-1 and K1-2, they are connected to the high potential and the low potential end of the Uc voltage output end of said voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module.
3 beneficial effects
The present invention can realize the stable of accelerator output electronic beam current through the filament voltage of control electron gun.The filament voltage preset value be provided with can be easily before going out bundle, go out bundle after, high energy shelves, the filament voltage of four potentiometer adjusted electron guns that the low energy shelves are corresponding.The use of isolating transformer can effective isolation be added in the high voltage pulse of electron gun filament from modulator in the ac power circuit, has also increased the stability and the fail safe of the work of electron gun control circuit.The use of feedback circuit can be regulated the emission of electron gun filament voluntarily, and its emission is tended towards stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, electron linear accelerator is with electron gun ac power circuit sketch map.
Fig. 2, electron linear accelerator is with electron gun adjustable control circuit sketch map.
Label title among Fig. 1, power on electron gun mains switch, T1 voltage regulator; The T2 high pressure is isolated filament transformer, Uf filament feedback voltage, U0 filament voltage; K1-1, K1-2 state of activation relay change over switch, the model of EUV-10A voltage control escapo valve cross streams module.Uc voltage control escapo valve cross streams module output voltage.
Label title among Fig. 2; TQ1 relay (control switch K0), TQ2 relay (control switch K1), TQ3 relay (control switch K2-1 and K2-2); RP1, RP2, RP3, RP4 are potentiometer; K0, K1, K2-1, K2-2 are the switch of corresponding relay, and R1～R11 is the resistance that is provided with in order to make the dc operational amplifier operate as normal, and N1:A and N1:B are dc operational amplifier; The model of selecting for use is LF347; BO is for going out to restraint signal, and Ufs is the d. c. voltage signal that electron gun filament feedback voltage Uf conversion is come, and Ibs is the dc current signal (can convert the negative input end that voltage signal is added in N1:A into through R2) of the line value of the electron beam got of reaction accelerator.C1 is an integrating capacitor, and EUV-10A is the model that voltage control exchanges the phase modulation voltage regulating module.A1 is the peripheral hardware control circuit, and A2 is a direct current amplifier, is made up of anti-phase summing amplifier and operational amplifier N1:B two parts that operational amplifier N1:A forms.
Embodiment
Narrate embodiment of the present invention according to accompanying drawing.
The signal of the outside input of this accelerator control system is: the dc current signal Ibs of the accelerator line of line integration retainer output; Can select signal (the ability shelves are selected signal); Go out to restraint signal, high pressure messenger, the electron gun filament feedback voltage signal Ufs of isolating transformer T2 output.Can select signal, go out to restraint signal, three signals of high pressure messenger are control relay K0, K2, K1 respectively.Shown in the method that connects of potentiometer and relay such as the circuit diagram 2 that accompanying drawing provides.
In the ac power circuit, the 220V AC power is connected on the voltage regulator T1, receives T2 on the high pressure filament isolating transformer again, and then links to each other with electron gun filament.A coil of isolating the secondary winding of filament transformer from high pressure takes out voltage U 0 and is added on the electron gun filament, and another coil of isolating the secondary winding of filament transformer from high pressure takes out the feedback voltage of voltage U f as electron gun filament.Wherein, U0=Uf.Electron gun filament feedback voltage Uf converts d. c. voltage signal Ufs again to, delivers to the electron gun adjustable control circuit.
The characteristics of electron gun adjustable control circuit are: it is preceding to go out bundle (accelerator is got electronic beam current); D. c. voltage signal Ufs and filament voltage duty setting signal Ud are connected in the negative input end of direct current amplifier; Ground connection behind resistance of positive input terminal series connection of direct current amplifier; The output of direct current amplifier is connected with voltage control escapo valve cross streams module through the operational amplifier of a band integrating capacitor, is connected on the high voltage isolating transformer again; The dc current signal Ibs that goes out to restraint the postaccelerator line is connected in the negative input end of direct current amplifier through resistance and filament voltage duty setting signal Ud.Ground connection behind resistance of positive input terminal series connection of direct current amplifier, the output of direct current amplifier is connected with voltage control escapo valve cross streams module through the direct current amplifier of a band integrating capacitor, is connected on the high voltage isolating transformer again.Control by relay K 2-2 with the conversion that goes out bundle back state before going out bundle.
Can be known that by Fig. 1 the composition of ac power circuit is, the 220V AC power is connected on the voltage regulator T1, and voltage regulator T1 isolates filament transformer T2 through a high pressure again and links to each other with electron gun filament, and the filament voltage that is added on the electron gun is U0.A coil of isolating the secondary winding of filament transformer through high pressure takes out voltage U f, as the feedback voltage of electron gun filament.
Can know that by Fig. 2 the electron gun control circuit roughly comprises: external control initialization circuit A1, direct current amplifier A2, voltage control exchanges phase modulation voltage regulating module EUV-10A.
Need the signal of the outside input of accelerator control system to be: can select signal; Go out to restraint signal; The high pressure messenger, the d. c. voltage signal Ufs of the filament feedback voltage of electron gun feedback circuit output, the dc current signal Ibs of the accelerator line of feedback line integration retainer output.
The course of work of practical implementation of the present invention is:
External control initialization circuit A1 mainly is separately implemented at four periods through four potentiometer RP1～RP4 and regulates electron gun filament voltages, and four periods are respectively:
(1) accelerator is given before the high voltage pulse of electron gun Calais automodulation device, before promptly high pressure leads to, is regulated the filament voltage of electron gun this moment by potentiometer RP1;
(2) accelerator is given after the high voltage pulse of electron gun Calais automodulation device and between the real ejected electron line of accelerator, promptly high pressure leads to out between the bundle, is regulated the filament voltage of electron gun this moment by potentiometer RP2;
Treat after the real ejected electron line of accelerator when (3) selecting the low energy shelves, after promptly the low energy shelves go out bundle, regulate the filament voltage of electron gun this moment by potentiometer RP3;
Treat after the real ejected electron line of accelerator when (4) selecting the high energy shelves, after promptly the high energy shelves go out bundle, regulate the filament voltage of electron gun this moment by potentiometer RP4.
Four potentiometers are arranged in respectively on the panel of electron linear accelerator control rack electron gun control module.Through selecting signal by shelves, go out to restraint signal, three signals of high pressure messenger, difference control relay K0, K2, K1 is to realize the switching of four kinds of states.
Direct current amplifier A2 is made up of anti-phase summing amplifier N1:A and operational amplifier N1:B two parts.The anti-phase summing amplifier is by+12V power supply.
It mainly is implemented under two conditions through negative feedback two groups of signals is realized the difference amplification, thereby realizes stablizing the electronics emission of electron gun:
(1) go out bundle before,
The positive feedback voltage signal Uf of the electron gun filament of isolating transformer T2 output converts direct current signal Ufs into, provides with external control initialization circuit A1, regulates obtaining through potentiometer, the preset filament voltage value of reaction, negative voltage signal-Ud carries out difference and amplifies.
This two paths of signals is sent into the negative input end of (being made up of operational amplifier) anti-phase summing amplifier N1:A respectively simultaneously; Again through the operational amplifier N1:B amplification of delaying time; Actual carrying out-K (Ufs-Ud) computing; Multiplication factor is K, and output voltage U 1 control voltage control exchanges the conducting degree of phase modulation voltage regulating module.Voltage control exchanges phase modulation voltage regulating module output voltage U c and gives the electron gun filament making alive through isolating transformer T2, thereby has just controlled the filament voltage U0 of electron gun.As feedback voltage Ufs during greater than setting voltage Ud; Be that real filament voltage is bigger than preset value; Voltage U 1 through the output of anti-phase summing amplifier is negative so, and then the conducting degree of voltage control interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module EUV-10A diminishes, and has reduced Uc; Electron gun filament voltage U 0 step-down, thus realize the stable of electron gun filament voltage.This is a degenerative process.
(2) go out bundle after, the dc current signal Ibs that reflects bundle line size converts d. c. voltage signal into through resistance R 2, regulates the negative voltage signal-Ud of the preset filament voltage value of reaction that obtains and carries out difference and amplify with the potentiometer that passes through that the external control initialization circuit provides.This two paths of signals is sent into the negative input end of the anti-phase summing amplifier of being made up of operational amplifier N1:A respectively simultaneously, again through the operational amplifier N1:B amplification of delaying time, and actual carrying out-K (Ufs-Ud) computing, multiplication factor is K.Output voltage U 1 control voltage control exchanges the conducting degree of phase modulation voltage regulating module EUV-10A.Voltage control exchanges phase modulation voltage regulating module EUV-10A output voltage U c and gives the electron gun filament making alive through isolating transformer T2, thereby has just controlled the filament voltage U0 of electron gun.The line of emitting when filament has increased; Then react the Ubs of line value relative size and the difference of setting voltage Vd and become big; Voltage U 1 through the output of anti-phase summing amplifier is negative so, and then the conducting degree of voltage control interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module diminishes, and has reduced Uc; Electron gun filament voltage U 0 step-down, thus realized the stable of accelerator output line.This also is a degenerative process.
With electron gun control circuit provided by the invention, can realize the emission line of stable control electron linear accelerator electron gun, thereby realize the electron beam emission of stable control electron linear accelerator.
Electron gun in the electron linear accelerator that relates in the invention is the barium-tungsten dispense cathode electron gun.
Claims (5)
1. the electron gun control circuit that electron linear accelerator is used is characterized in that comprising ac power circuit, electron gun adjustable control circuit and the voltage-controlled phase modulation voltage regulating module that exchanges; Said electron gun adjustable control circuit output control voltage, this control voltage is exported to the control voltage input terminal of voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module; Voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module output connects said ac power circuit, controls its work;
Said ac power circuit comprises regulating circuit and high pressure isolation filament transformer T2; Industrial-frequency alternating current is added to the primary side of T2 behind regulating circuit, the filament voltage U0 of the primary side output electron gun of T2, and the primary side of T2 provides the feedback voltage Uf of the filament of electron gun simultaneously;
Said electron gun adjustable control circuit comprises external control initialization circuit A1 and direct current amplifier A2;
Said external control initialization circuit A1 comprises the selection circuit of four voltage regulator circuits, four voltage regulator circuits; Said selection circuit control input connects and can select signal, go out to restraint signal and high pressure messenger by shelves, selects the output control gating relevant voltage regulating circuit of circuit; The signal Ud of the preset filament voltage value of said voltage regulator circuit output reflection;
Corresponding respectively four periods of regulating the velocitron filament voltage of said four voltage regulator circuits, four periods are respectively: 1) accelerator is given before the high voltage pulse of electron gun Calais automodulation device, before promptly high pressure leads to; 2) accelerator is given between the high voltage pulse and the real ejected electron line of accelerator of electron gun Calais automodulation device, and promptly high pressure is logical---go out between the bundle; Treat after the real ejected electron line of accelerator when 3) selecting the low energy shelves, after promptly the low energy shelves go out bundle; Treat after the real ejected electron line of accelerator when 4) selecting the high energy shelves, after promptly the high energy shelves go out bundle;
The input signal of said direct current amplifier A2 comprises: the signal of the preset filament voltage value of reflection, and the direct current value signal or the filament feedback voltage signal that reflect bundle line size; The output signal of A2 is a control voltage U 1, controls the conducting degree of voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module by U1, give the electron gun filament making alive by voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module output voltage U c through T2, the filament voltage U0 that has promptly controlled;
Before going out bundle, A2 carries out the difference amplification to the signal of filament feedback voltage signal and the preset filament voltage value of reflection; After going out bundle, A2 carries out difference to the direct current value signal that reflects bundle line size with the signal that reflects preset filament voltage value and amplifies.
2. the electron gun control circuit that electron linear accelerator according to claim 1 is used is characterized in that among the said external control initialization circuit A1,
Selecting circuit is relay TQ1, TQ2, TQ3, and TQ1 is to selecting signal, the corresponding high pressure messenger of TQ2, TQ3 correspondence to go out to restraint signal, TQ1 control switch K0, TQ2 control switch K1, TQ3 control switch K2-1 by shelves; Four voltage regulator circuits are respectively potentiometer RP1, RP2, RP3 and RP4, and their are respectively corresponding 1 years old)～4) four periods;
Be connected between K0, K1, K2-1, RP1, RP2, RP3 and the RP4, make
Period 1), during no high pressure messenger, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP1;
Period 2), the high pressure messenger is arranged, but do not have the bundle of going out signal, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP2;
Period 3), the bundle of going out signal is arranged, and can shelves selection signal be the low energy shelves, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP3;
Period 4), the bundle of going out signal is arranged, and can work as that to select signal be the high energy shelves, regulate Ud through regulator potentiometer RP1.
3. the electron gun control circuit that electron linear accelerator according to claim 1 is used is characterized in that selecting the said direct current value signal that reflects bundle line size by K switch 2-2, or the filament feedback voltage signal; TQ3 control switch K2-2.
4. the electron gun control circuit that electron linear accelerator according to claim 1 is used is characterized in that said direct current amplifier A2 comprises anti-phase summing amplifier N1:A and operational amplifier N1:B two parts; The negative input end of said N1:A connects the signal Ud of the preset filament voltage value of reflection, and the direct current value signal or the filament feedback voltage signal that reflect bundle line size; The output of N1:A connects time-delay and uses N1:B, N1:B output voltage U 1.
5. the electron gun control circuit that electron linear accelerator according to claim 1 is used; It is characterized in that comprising state of activation relay change over switch K1-1 and K1-2, they are connected to the high potential and the low potential end of the Uc voltage output end of said voltage-controlled interchange phase modulation voltage regulating module.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010105687962A CN102074431B (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2010-11-30 | Electron gun control circuit for electronic linear accelerator |
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| CN2010105687962A CN102074431B (en) | 2010-11-30 | 2010-11-30 | Electron gun control circuit for electronic linear accelerator |
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| CN102074431A CN102074431A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
| CN102074431B true CN102074431B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2736419C1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-11-17 | Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский Институт Приборов" | Impulse peaker of electron accelerator |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102510655B (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2014-06-04 | 湖北久瑞核技术股份有限公司 | Electron beam current control device of electron accelerator |
| CN103177921B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2015-08-05 | 桂林狮达机电技术工程有限公司 | Electron gun electronic beam current control system and method thereof |
| CN105050308B (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-10-24 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | A kind of apparatus and method of overstable highpowerpulse modulation |
| CN109599311B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2020-12-18 | 惠州市奥普康真空科技有限公司 | Control method for electron beam facula and electron beam current |
| CN114364116B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2024-01-05 | 广州赛隆增材制造有限责任公司 | Power supply device for electron gun |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0549113A1 (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-30 | Energy Sciences Inc. | Parallel filament electron gun |
| CN1369105A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2002-09-11 | 先进电子束公司 | Electron beam accelerator |
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2010
- 2010-11-30 CN CN2010105687962A patent/CN102074431B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0549113A1 (en) * | 1991-11-22 | 1993-06-30 | Energy Sciences Inc. | Parallel filament electron gun |
| CN1369105A (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2002-09-11 | 先进电子束公司 | Electron beam accelerator |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2736419C1 (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-11-17 | Акционерное Общество "Научно-Исследовательский Институт Приборов" | Impulse peaker of electron accelerator |
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