CN102071246A - 新型中药制剂的开发与评价 - Google Patents
新型中药制剂的开发与评价 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
细胞核受体LXR是人体49个细胞核受体中的重要成员,对胆固醇和脂肪代谢起不可替代的调节作用。调节LXR的生物活性对心脑血管阻塞,非胰岛素依赖性高血糖,免疫功能紊乱,中枢神经功能衰退等病症可能有治疗作用。使用计算机模拟对接技术和体外培养人体细胞的生物活性测定方法,我们开发出一类针对细胞核受体LXR的新型中药制剂。该类制剂具有成分简单,成本低廉,制作方便等特点。初步使用小鼠进行的急性毒理学分析未发现明显的不良反应。
Description
技术领域 中药制剂的制作和评价
背景技术 人参是中医药品中常用品种,对抗疲劳,增强免疫力,壮阳等效果显著,但是其药理作用的分子解释还有待确定。人参成份复杂,不同传统炮制工艺会产生不同药效,为有效成分的识别和定量带来很大困难。目前人参药理学的研究分两个方面:(1)药效的描述和解释;(2)有效成分的鉴定。其中第二个方面依赖于第一个方面的成果。对人参药效的研究,主要以活体实验为主,使用整体实验动物或离体的细胞,观察生物和化学指标的变化,所使用的人参样品多为提取混合物或单一的纯化合物。这些实验的缺陷主要是使用间接的指标进行测量,而且缺少正反面的对照药品进行平行试验,所以不同实验数据之间很难进行比较和归纳。对有效成分的研究,目前包括两个方面:主要成分的鉴定;主要代谢产物的鉴定。从人参特有的主要成分人参皂甙解析出了几十个不同化学结构,而不同品种的人参和炮制工艺产生新的成分和成分配比。主要代谢产物研究发现,人参皂甙的肠胃吸收率很低(<4%),而且主要代谢产物成分单一(例如化合物K),不能圆满解释不同人参制剂之间众多不同的药效。而具备确凿实验数据的有效成分的研究屈指可数,比方具雌激素样作用,与若干细胞膜受体和离子通道作用等。但这些研究中使用的化合物大多浓度很高,以致很难在人体中实现。根据目前积累的实验数据,可以推测,人参所含的真正有效成分还有待进一步确定。这些成分应具备以下特点:(1)与药物靶位结合具高亲和力。由于人参主要成分皂甙的吸收率很低,所以少量被吸收的物质浓度很低,其药理作用应该是通过高亲和力作用位点来实现。(2)化学结构不稳定。由于炮制方法的改变,人参药效也发生变化。这暗示其中的有效成分稳定性差。(3)同时存在的结构相近成分药效可能相反。
遵循上述推测,我们探讨使用计算机辅助运算的方法来寻找人参有效成分。该计算方法应用牛顿力学,借助PAULING原子半径和实验电离常数,运算大分子内部非共价键相互作用。目前蛋白质结构通过X光衍射晶体和高分辨率核磁共振被普遍解析,包括大量结构蛋白和调节因子,这些结构信息放在公共数据库中。另外,关于人参皂甙的结构也被解析和发表。这些工作基础为计算机辅助运算,寻找高亲和力结合位点提供可能。计算机模拟对接结果初步表明,部分人参皂甙可能与若干细胞核受体产生高亲和力结合作用,激活或抑制这些受体的生物活性,从而产生相反的药效。这些进展不仅丰富了我们对人参作用的理解,而且对这些核受体的生理功能研究提供新的方向。
参考文献:
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发明内容 细胞核受体LXR是人体49个细胞核受体中的重要成员,对胆固醇和脂肪代谢起不可替代的调节作用。调节LXR的生物活性对心脑血管阻塞,非胰岛素依赖性高血糖,免疫功能紊乱,中枢神经功能衰退等病症可能有治疗作用。使用计算机模拟对接技术和体外培养人体细胞的生物活性测定方法,我们开发出一类针对细胞核受体LXR的新型中药制剂。该类制剂具有成分简单,成本低廉,制作方便等特点。初步使用小鼠进行的急性毒理学分析未发现明显的不良反应。
具体实施方式
举例1.
使用食用酒北京二锅头酒(酒精度56%)2500毫升,加入100克药用级氢氧化钠固体,搅拌溶解,再加入100克绞股蓝总皂甙提取物(总皂甙含量>98%)(西安天一生物技术有限公司),加热溶解。溶液冷却至室温后,缓慢滴加30%过氧化氢水溶液300毫升,溶液室温静置24小时,过滤白色沉淀,收集上清液,再滴加30%过氧化氢水溶液100毫升,溶液室温静置48小时,过滤溶液,收集上清。上清液用2N的稀盐酸溶液中和至pH7,40-50摄氏度减压蒸馏除去乙醇,溶液内出现油状固体。收集不溶物,干燥后粉碎收集固体,获64克绞股蓝总皂甙衍生物。
举例2.
加热溶解羟丙基乙型环糊精,获得40%水溶液,按比例加入绞股蓝总皂甙衍生物(环糊精∶皂甙衍生物=4∶1),加热溶解,并加热浓缩,70摄氏度抽风干燥除去水分,固体粉碎后得环糊精包合物。可以用该包合物制成口服液,硬胶囊,片剂等口服剂型。也可以用该包合物制成静脉注射液。该产品可以用于上调LXR受体生物活性。
举例3.
七十摄氏度加热40毫升去离子水,加入250毫克卡波940,搅拌溶解。绞股蓝总皂甙衍生物250毫克溶解在3毫升无水乙醇和1毫升甘油溶液中,并加入上述溶液中。在搅拌条件下,向70摄氏度溶液中依次加入2毫升丙二醇,0.5毫升吐温80,0.5克硬脂酸,100毫克维生素B3,60毫克维生素B6,120毫克熊果苷,360毫克左旋维生素C,30毫克辅酶Q,0.3毫升水溶性氮酮,水溶性复合抗菌剂,滴加三乙醇胺至pH中性,滴加少量迷迭香油,冷却后得到水溶性护肤胶。该护肤胶可以促进皮肤脂类代谢,抗皱。
举例4.
使用计算机模拟分子对接方法(Autodock4.0软件)(美国加州Scripps Institute)对人参皂甙及类似物与细胞核受体LXR相互作用进行了初步探索。(LXRalpha配体结构域晶体结构为1UHL;LXRbeta结构为1P8D,美国PDB数据库)
计算机模拟分子对接方法计算部分三萜皂甙类化合物与LXR受体相互作用的结合强度(化合物结构见说明书附图):
举例5.
C57BL/6系小鼠雄性12周龄36只按体重平均分为三个实验组:对照组,绞股蓝总皂甙组和衍生物组。饲料为高脂(21%)、高胆固醇(2%),饮用水为高糖(35%果浆)(花旗山楂汁)。待测品加入饮用水,按照饮用水摄入量,待测物平均日摄入剂量为250毫克/公斤体重。喂养时间为21天。下表为三个实验组的差异。通过数据分析,可以推测衍生物组比绞股蓝总皂甙更具激活LXR受体活性。
表1实验小鼠的各项生理指标
*经过T检验:绞股蓝组体重、摄食量和饮水量的P value分别为0.489、0.377和0.346.衍生物组体重、摄食量和饮水量的P value分别为0.279、0.135和0.431.tail=1,type:双样本方差假设,实验数据均与对照组比较
表2实验小鼠血清和肝脏中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量
*经过T检验:绞股蓝组血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的P value分别为0.0133和0.498;肝脏中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的P value分别为0.0397和0.000266.衍生物组血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的P value分别为0.238和0.482;肝脏中总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量的P value分别为0.421和0.000541.
举例6.
使用葸醌法测量绞股蓝总皂甙和其衍生物中还原基团含量
配置80%硫酸溶液,加入葸醌(北京化学试剂公司)和硫脲(国药集团化学试剂有限公司),终浓度分别为0.4%和1.6%,该测试液可以室温短期保存。使用称量瓶精确配置葡萄糖标准溶液,并系列稀释为每毫升0至4毫克标准液。向96孔酶标板加入50微升98%硫酸,并加入10微升标准液或待测液,再加入200微升测试液,室温放置30分钟以上,使用酶标仪在620纳米波长处测量吸光度,按标准曲线计算绞股蓝总皂甙和其衍生物中还原基团含量。
举例7.
使用高氯酸-香草醛-磷酸法测量绞股蓝总皂甙和其衍生物中皂甙元含量
配置含0.1%香草醛的70%磷酸水溶液作为测试液。使用胆固醇或人参皂甙标准物Rb1为标准物,定量配置标准液每毫升0-10毫克。取100微升标准液或待测液,加入0.2毫升高氯酸,60摄氏度水浴10分钟,加入0.5毫升测试液,60摄氏度水浴5分钟,冷却至室温后,取0.2毫升加入96孔酶标板,使用酶标仪在530或620纳米波长处测量吸光度,按标准曲线计算绞股蓝总皂甙和其衍生物中皂甙元含量。
举例8.
使用薄板层析检测绞股蓝总皂甙和其衍生物
选用25X75毫米预制硅胶层析板(青岛海洋化工厂),展开剂为氯仿∶乙酸乙酯∶甲醇(15∶40∶20)的饱和水溶液,显色剂为10%硫酸的无水乙醇溶液,显色条件是吹风机的热吹风。
举例9.
利用体外培养的人体细胞进行的细胞核受体LXR生物测活方法
选用人体胚胎肾细胞株HEK293,培养于48孔细胞培养板,在5%二氧化碳的37摄氏度细胞培养箱中培养,使用DMEM培养基和10%胎牛血清。在细胞覆盖20%培养表面时,使用磷酸钙沉淀法转染LXR和RXRalpha表达质粒和报告基因质粒。每48孔板转染10-20微克报告基因质粒(LXRE-c-fos启动子-萤火虫荧光素酶)(Promega pGL3载体),0.2微克转染内控报告基因(CMV启动子-海肾荧光素酶)(Promega载体),2微克LXR表达质粒(pSG5-hLXRalpha或rLXRbeta)(Strategene载体),2微克RXRalpha表达质粒(pSG5-hRXRalpha)(Strategene载体)。转染6小时后,更换培养液,可选用无血清培养基,
并添加重组表面生长因子,维持细胞生长状态。六小时后向培养基添加待测物。如果待测物溶解在乙醇中,最终乙醇浓度不超过0.2%。二十四至三十六小时后,使用双荧光酶测试盒(Promega公司)和发光仪(西安)检测细胞报告基因表达水平。
举例10.
使用小鼠进行口服急性毒性实验,测定绞股蓝总皂甙衍生物的急性毒性。本实验用ICR系小鼠,雌雄各10只,体重19-22g,屏障环境饲养(饲养间换气15次/小时。室温22-24℃,湿度40-60%,12小时明暗人工照明)。绞股蓝总皂甙衍生物悬浮液0.39g/mL按每公斤体重0.25mL经灌胃针管灌饲后7天内无动物死亡,也未发现可观察到的中毒表现,半数致死量大于每公斤体重9.61克。
Claims (7)
1.使用体外培养的人体细胞对细胞核受体肝脏X受体(LXR)进行生物转录活性测定,来确定中药制剂的药效。
2.使用含氢氧化钠,乙醇和过氧化氢的水溶液制备天然三萜类提取物的衍生物的方法,来提高中药制剂的药用价值。
3.权限2中水溶液中氢氧化钠含量范围为1%-20%,乙醇含量范围为10-80%,过氧化氢含量范围为1-10%。
4.权限3中水溶液中氢氧化钠含量为4%,乙醇含量为50%,过氧化氢含量为4%。
5.权限1-4中三萜类提取物的含量与相应的氢氧化钠含量一致。
6.权限5中三萜类化合物包括人参提取物,绞股蓝提取物,灵芝提取物,黄芪提取物,和其他补气类中药提取物。
7.权限2中的药用价值,包括调节LXR生物活性的药效,比如减少动脉内壁的胆固醇积累,调节免疫系统,改善中枢神经系统,改善非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的病症。
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CN2009101696226A CN102071246A (zh) | 2009-08-27 | 2009-08-27 | 新型中药制剂的开发与评价 |
PCT/CN2010/076310 WO2011023102A1 (zh) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-24 | 通过检测肝脏x受体转录活性来确定中药制剂药效的方法 |
US13/499,864 US20120309700A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 | 2010-08-24 | Development and evaluation of novel chinese materia medica preparations |
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Cited By (2)
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CN105012968A (zh) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-04 | 淄博千汇生物科技有限公司 | 绞股蓝环糊精包合物的制备方法 |
CN106608899A (zh) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 辽宁新中现代医药有限公司 | 20(r)-原人参三醇及衍生物的制备方法和医药用途 |
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GB9518883D0 (en) * | 1995-09-15 | 1995-11-15 | Leo Pharm Prod Ltd | Chemical compounds |
EP1189922A4 (en) * | 1999-04-30 | 2002-08-14 | Arch Dev Corp | STEROID DERIVATIVES |
US8486464B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2013-07-16 | Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd. | Herbal composition for angina pectoris, method to prepare same and uses thereof |
US20060270863A1 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2006-11-30 | Amyris Biotechnologies | Conversion of amorpha-4,11-diene to artemisinin and artemisinin precursors |
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2009
- 2009-08-27 CN CN2009101696226A patent/CN102071246A/zh active Pending
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2010
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105012968A (zh) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-11-04 | 淄博千汇生物科技有限公司 | 绞股蓝环糊精包合物的制备方法 |
CN106608899A (zh) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-05-03 | 辽宁新中现代医药有限公司 | 20(r)-原人参三醇及衍生物的制备方法和医药用途 |
CN106608899B (zh) * | 2015-10-23 | 2018-12-28 | 辽宁新中现代医药有限公司 | 20(r)-原人参三醇及衍生物的制备方法和医药用途 |
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WO2011023102A1 (zh) | 2011-03-03 |
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