CN102067892B - 一种防腐中药制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防腐中药制剂及其应用。本发明所述防腐中药制剂按重量计,包括38~43%的枯矾、27~33%的樟脑、7~13%的硼酸、7~13%的良姜和7~13%的雄黄。本发明防腐中药制剂由纯中药原料配成,不使用传统的砒霜及甲醛等有毒有害物质,环保,具有芳香气味,所需原料容易获取,价格低廉,使用操作简单方便,防腐效果好,制作的动物标本可长久保存,具有很好的推广应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防腐技术领域,涉及一种防腐剂,具体涉及一种纯中药制剂的防腐剂及其在剥制哺乳动物、爬行动物、鱼类、禽类等动物标本时对其皮张防腐处理方面的应用。
背景技术
防腐是标本制作过程中非常重要的步骤,直接决定标本的保存寿命。在美国,标本制作已经作为一个产业链来发展,有很多新技术和新方法陆续出现,并且有专门的标本职业学校,而中国的标本制作技术多还停留在六、七十年代的水平,其中就包括防腐技术。
传统的防腐配方中使用砒霜等剧毒物品,一方面防腐剂本身不安全,对环境卫生和安全造成严重污染。另一方面国家对这类剧毒物质有管控,使用不方便而且成本高,尤其是,国外防腐粉的具体成分也处于保密状态。
目前缺少应用于制备动物皮张标本的纯中药制剂防腐剂。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是克服现有防腐制剂的不足,提供一种防腐中药制剂,环保,具有芳香气味。
本发明的另一个目的是提供所述防腐中药制剂的制备方法,原料易得,成本较低,操作简单方便。
本发明还有一个目的是提供所述防腐中药制剂的应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
提供一种防腐中药制剂,包括以下重量含量的各组分:
枯矾 38~43%;
樟脑 27~33%;
硼酸 7~13%;
良姜 7~13%;
雄黄 7~13%;
上述5种组分的重量百分含量总和为100%。
枯矾,又名煅白矾,是由白矾置砂锅内加热溶化并煅至不冒泡时枯干既得。对多种细菌具有明显的抗菌作用。据中药药典记载:枯矾除有抗菌作用外,还有燥湿、止血、解毒、杀虫、收敛、止痒等功能。枯矾内服有刺激性,一般均作为外用药。枯矾有较强的收敛作用,可以使蛋白质变性,并收敛皮肤,使之不掉毛。
樟脑(别名:韶脑、潮脑、脑子、油脑、树脑)是从樟树的树皮与木质蒸馏制得,也可从松节油合成。樟脑结晶体呈粒状、针状或片状;无色或白色; 有特殊香气,刺鼻。中医用于通窍,杀虫,止痛,辟秽。治心腹胀痛,脚气,疮疡疥癣,牙痛,跌打损伤。樟脑涂于皮肤有温和的刺激及防腐作用。本发明可采用市购的天然樟脑或合成樟脑。
硼酸(别名:亚硼酸、正硼酸、焦硼酸)为白色粉末状结晶或三斜轴面鳞片状光泽结晶,本品为外用杀菌剂、消毒剂、收敛剂和防腐剂。对多种细菌、霉菌均有抑制作用,作用原理是它能与细菌蛋白质中的氨基结合而发挥作用。可用于皮肤、粘膜、伤口、口腔、阴道、膀胱等冲洗消毒,中医用于耳炎、烧伤、烫伤、湿疹等。
良姜(别名:高良姜、蛮姜、佛手根、小良姜、海良姜) 为姜科植物高良姜的根茎。性温、味辛,具强烈辛辣气味,有健脾暖胃、祛寒燥湿、止吐、止泻等功效。能杀菌,杀虫。
雄黄(别名: 石黄、黄金石、鸡冠石)是一种含硫和砷的矿石,味辛,性温,有毒。中医用于解毒杀虫,燥湿祛痰,截疟。工、农业则用以制造乳白色玻璃、玻璃脱色、浸洗羊毛、制革药剂、木材防腐、杀虫剂、除草剂、灭鼠药等。
本发明采用上述5种中药原料进行适当比例的混配,获得一种具有优良效果的重要防腐剂。
本发明同时提供了上述防腐中药制剂的制备方法,将上述原料磨成粉末,按比例混合得到。
本发明还提供了所述防腐中药制剂的应用,优选应用于制备动物皮张标本时的防腐处理。将本发明制剂均匀涂抹于处理干净的动物皮张内表面即可。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明提供了一种新的防腐剂,由纯中药原料配成,五种中药成分协同作用,防腐效果好,用于制作的动物标本可长久保存,具有很好的推广应用价值。本发明不使用传统的砒霜及甲醛等有毒有害物质,环保且具有芳香气味,所需原料容易获取,价格低廉,使用操作简单方便。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明。以下实施例中所用试剂如无特别说明,均为市购试剂,采用的方法,如无特别说明均为常规方法。
实施例1 防腐中药制剂的制备
本实施例按照表1所示重量百分含量将枯矾粉、樟脑粉、硼酸粉、良姜粉、雄黄粉混合即得本发明所述防腐剂(粉末越细越好):
表1
制剂 | 枯矾(%) | 樟脑(%) | 硼酸(%) | 良姜(%) | 雄黄(%) |
1 | 39 | 30 | 13 | 8 | 10 |
2 | 38 | 29 | 13 | 7 | 13 |
3 | 41 | 28 | 11 | 12 | 8 |
4 | 43 | 30 | 12 | 7 | 8 |
5 | 42 | 29 | 10 | 10 | 9 |
6 | 40 | 27 | 9 | 13 | 11 |
7 | 39 | 27 | 13 | 11 | 10 |
8 | 42 | 33 | 7 | 9 | 7 |
9 | 41 | 30 | 11 | 9 | 9 |
实施例2 应用实验
本实施例以制备鱼标本的应用为例,先用清水将用于制作标本的鱼体表冲洗,注意保留部分鱼体表面粘液,用风筒吹干鱼体,使所有鱼鳞都尽量贴紧皮肤,以防剥皮时大面积脱落。将鱼置于一体不同部位的厚度并做好记录。用相机拍照,以便清晰记录鱼体各部位的颜色。根据报纸上所画鱼的轮廓大小,以及鱼的身体厚度,用聚氨酯发泡料做稍微大一点的鱼假体。然后根据鱼体大小尺寸锉锉平,制成形态、大小相当的聚氨酯发泡料假体。
用自制锯齿手术刀轻轻剥掉鱼皮,刮去鱼皮上所有残留肌肉及脂肪,刮去锁骨上残留肌肉,清理口腔周围。最后用棉花蘸取次氯酸钠饱和溶液均匀涂于鱼皮内表面进行脱脂,然后用干棉花擦拭干净,注意不能在自来水里洗,以防此时鳞片大面积脱落。
将本发明实施例1表1中所示制剂1~9制备得到的防腐剂分别均匀涂抹于鱼皮的内表面,抖掉多余防腐剂,然后将假体置于皮套内进行缝合或者粘合。然后装上义眼,风干。最后上色,上色完成等干燥后,通体喷上光油,既可以固定颜色,使标本光滑逼真。本发明处理的标本寿命长,经过若干年后,标本无异味,保持完好,从本发明长期大量实验结果总结可知,标本可以实现长久保存。
实施例3 应用实验
本实施例以制备陆龟标本的应用为例,先用清水将用于制作标本的龟洗净,将其仰卧置于手术台上。一般从龟的尾根离腹甲2~3cm的部位做一个切口,然后由切口沿着腹甲边缘剪到腹甲和背甲结合处,注意保持切口离腹甲相同距离。用手术刀或钢锯沿着缘盾与甲桥间的骨缝分离背、腹甲壳。最后将内脏和肌肉取出,四肢和头部要翻转并尽量将肌肉剔除干净。脑和眼睛及眼窝肌肉要取干净。用一根铁丝穿过椎管,将脊髓清除干净。用次氯酸钠饱和溶液将残留脂肪溶解,冲洗干净,用干布抹干。
将本发明实施例1所述制剂1~9制备得到的防腐剂分别均匀涂抹于龟皮的内表面,包括四肢、尾、头颈、腹甲、背甲,抖掉多余防腐剂。
钳两根铅丝,其长度以长于左前肢指端到右后肢趾短的距离为准。以中间为界,互相拧紧成十字架。拧紧的程度以不松动为好。然后分别将四根铅丝穿过脚掌中心为主支架。头尾也同样装上铅丝。
用竹丝、脱脂棉、腈纶等材料填充。先填充头部及四肢,填充时要注意四肢的形态、肌肉的分布。给背甲中填充适量腈纶,盖上腹板,用胶水将背甲与腹板接缝处粘结。缝合或粘结皮肤切口。安装义眼,整形风干,通体喷上光油,经历若干年后标本无异味,保持完好,经本发明长期大量实验结果总结可知,标本可以实现长久保存。
实施例4 本发明防腐中药制剂对动物皮张固定效果的测试
1、配方
本实施例以实施例1表1中制剂2(枯矾38%、樟脑29%、硼酸13%、良姜7%、雄黄13%,将五种药粉混合)为例,其他实施例不一一在此赘述。
2、被测样品
用于制备标本的死鲫鱼5条,剥皮,留皮待用。
3、被测样品处理
将5张剥好的鱼皮四周用大头针固定于木板上,其中在任意3张鱼皮内面均匀涂上本发明防腐中药制剂作为实验组,另2只作为空白对照,置于室温下观察一年(本实验在广州夏季开始)。
4、检测结果
(1) 三天内,发现空白对照组鱼皮散发腥味和腐臭味,而实验组鱼皮呈芳香味;实验组皮张逐渐变干,实验组鱼皮内面呈土黄色,鱼鳞排列整齐,不会脱落,对照组内面颜色变黑,由于腐败导致部分鱼鳞松动脱落,时有苍蝇爬行并产卵。
(2)老鼠撕咬观察:分别将对照组和实验组鱼皮用手术剪一块大小约2×2(cm),置于老鼠笼中,发现对照组鱼皮很快被老鼠撕咬破损,而实验组鱼皮则只被老鼠闻了几次,并未撕咬,说明实验组鱼皮本身可以防老鼠虫咬。
(3)1周内,实验组鱼皮变干定型,结构完整,鱼鳞排列整齐,
无霉斑,散发淡淡芳香味。对照组鱼皮变干,但由于腐败引起皮张厚薄不均匀,有些部位破损有洞,鱼鳞脱落,有腐臭味。
(4)半年内,发现实验组鱼皮维持不变,散发淡淡芳香味。对照组鱼皮则有疑似老鼠撕咬的痕迹,有腐臭味。
(5)一年内,发现实验组鱼皮维持不变。对照组鱼皮则由于在梅雨季节受潮后,有霉斑,部分回软,腐臭味。
实施例5 本发明防腐中药制剂的抑菌效果测试
1、选测菌种:枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等(皆为实验室常规菌种)
2、检测方法:平板抑菌圈法(采用营养琼脂平板)
3、检测温度:35℃±1℃
4、检测时间:24小时
5、检测结果:用卡尺测量。实验结果显示本发明防腐中药制剂对所选菌种均有明显的抑制效果,抑菌圈直径介于21~32mm之间。
实施例6 本发明防腐中药制剂的抗霉变效果检测
1、选测菌种:桔青霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉、大毛霉、总状毛霉、灰绿犁头霉等(皆为实验室常规菌种)
2、检测方法:平板抑菌圈法(采用营养琼脂平板)
3、检测温度:26℃±2℃
4、检测时间:72小时
5、检测结果:本发明防腐中药制剂对所选菌种均有明显的抑制效果,抑菌圈直径如下:桔青霉42mm、黑曲霉38mm、黄曲霉41、大毛霉33mm、总状毛霉37mm、灰绿犁头霉31mm。
综上所述,本发明是一种具有芳香气味、有较强抑菌抗霉效果的防腐中药制剂,可用于动物剥制标本制作时对皮张的防腐处理,根据实验检测结果以及本申请人长期实验记录,使用本发明防腐中药制剂制备的动物剥制标本皮张可以长久保存。
Claims (3)
1.一种防腐中药制剂,其特征在于包括以下重量含量的各组分:
枯矾 38~43%;
樟脑27~33%;
硼酸 7~13%;
良姜7~13%;
雄黄7~13%;
上述5种组分的重量百分含量总和为100%。
2.一种权利要求1所述防腐中药制剂的应用,其特征在于应用于对动物皮张进行防腐处理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于是将权利要求1所述防腐中药制剂均匀涂抹于处理干净的动物皮张内表面。
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CN104585159B (zh) * | 2014-12-25 | 2017-02-22 | 上海海洋大学 | 一种用于鱼类剥制标本中药防腐剂及其制备方法 |
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CN1081814A (zh) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-02-16 | 叶佐理 | 制作动植物标本的组合物 |
CN1091244A (zh) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-08-31 | 王旻 | 用于制作动物标本的防腐防蛀剂方法 |
CN1223290A (zh) * | 1998-01-13 | 1999-07-21 | 陆来福 | 阻燃防腐防蛀防变形液 |
CN1415199A (zh) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-07 | 上海方富科技有限公司 | 一种防腐剂及制备方法 |
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CN1081814A (zh) * | 1992-08-13 | 1994-02-16 | 叶佐理 | 制作动植物标本的组合物 |
CN1091244A (zh) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-08-31 | 王旻 | 用于制作动物标本的防腐防蛀剂方法 |
CN1223290A (zh) * | 1998-01-13 | 1999-07-21 | 陆来福 | 阻燃防腐防蛀防变形液 |
CN1415199A (zh) * | 2001-10-30 | 2003-05-07 | 上海方富科技有限公司 | 一种防腐剂及制备方法 |
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