CN102062016A - 用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器 - Google Patents
用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102062016A CN102062016A CN2010105755315A CN201010575531A CN102062016A CN 102062016 A CN102062016 A CN 102062016A CN 2010105755315 A CN2010105755315 A CN 2010105755315A CN 201010575531 A CN201010575531 A CN 201010575531A CN 102062016 A CN102062016 A CN 102062016A
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound 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[Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 210000001736 Capillaries Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000001747 Pupil Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound 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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
Abstract
本发明是一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器，它被用于太阳能碟式热发电系统中，作为斯特林发动机的太阳能集热器，起到迅速传递高温热量的重要作用。该集热器为重力回流式热管结构，其内部工质为钠液——钠蒸汽。该集热器工作时，被封装在抽过真空的热管蒸发段的液态钠吸收聚焦后的高温太阳能，迅速蒸发变成钠蒸汽，此过程吸收了大量的潜热。钠蒸汽在位于热管冷凝段的斯特林发动机的吸热器管外壁冷凝，迅速释放潜热变为液态，在重力作用下沿着集热器壳体的内壁流回钠液池，完成一次相变传热过程。如此往复循环，不断的把聚焦后的太阳能迅速传递给斯特林发动机的吸热器。
Description
用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器
技术领域
[0001] 本发明是一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统中的斯特林发动机用的太阳能高温钠 热管集热器，它主要涉及到聚光式太阳能高温热利用与高温热管传热技术领域。
背景技术
[0002] 太阳能碟式热发电技术是利用碟式抛物面聚光镜收集太阳能，然后利用位于其焦 点位置附近的斯特林发动机作为核心动力机械，后者能够直接利用聚焦后的太阳能输出机 械功，从而带动与其输出轴相联的发电机发电。而太阳能集热器位于聚光镜与斯特林发动 机之间，其作用是把聚焦后的太阳能收集、传递给斯特林发动机的吸热器。该技术属于太阳 能高温热利用领域，是一种利用聚焦后的太阳能进行热发电的先进技术。该技术具有光电 转换效率高，使用灵活等优点，既可以单套系统独立发电，又可以联合多套系统、根据需要 组成太阳能发电站（厂）。
[0003] 太阳能集热器是太阳能斯特林发动机的关键部件之一，它的主要作用是把收集到 的太阳能传入斯特林机内部，加热后者中的工质。其性能的优劣直接影响到斯特林机的热 效率。一个设计优良的太阳能斯特林发动机的集热器应该能够尽可能多的把表面接收到的 热量比较均勻的传递给斯特林发动机的吸热器，而热损失尽可能的小。从加热方式上，用于 太阳能碟式聚光热发电系统的集热器又分为直接加热式和间接加热式。钠热管集热器属于 后者。前者的结构简单、加工容易，但由于无法避免光照加热的不均勻性，其吸热器寿命较 短；后者能够均勻加热，延长吸热器的使用寿命，但是加工和封装的难度较大。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于给出一种用于太阳能碟式聚光热发电系统中，斯特林发动机上 的太阳能钠热管集热器。该钠热管集热器表面能在高温下传递大热流密度的热量，且集热 器的蒸发段和冷凝段具有很好的均温性。与传统的直接受热式的集热器相比，它不仅能够 提高集热效率，而且能够显著减小斯特林发动机上吸热器管壁的热应力，从而提高了斯特 林发动机及其整套太阳能碟式热发电系统的使用寿命。
[0005] 本发明是这样实现上述目的的：本发明——用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠 热管集热器主要由一个重力回流式的钠热管、瞳孔以及外部的耐高温保温层组成，为轴对 称结构。其中，钠热管主要由壳体和毛细引液芯组成。壳体在接受阳光照射的一面做成旋 转抛物面形状，紧贴其背面（壳体内部的一侧）焊接有毛细引液芯。该引液芯由一种镍基 合金金属丝烧结成，其厚度不超过8mm，目数不大于400目。这些共同组成热管的蒸发段。 热管的冷凝段为斯特林发动机的吸热器。热管的壳体焊接在斯特林机吸热器的安装边上， 形成集热器的壳体。对该壳体抽真空，然后将一定量的液态钠灌于壳体中，形成钠液池，之 后封装好壳体。这些钠作为集热器内部的工质。集热器的瞳孔为直径不大于350mm、厚度不 超过5mm且透光性非常好的石英玻璃，它被嵌于集热器的受光口处，起到阻隔外界空气、抑 制集热器表面对流热损失的作用。除直接受光照的旋转抛物面之外，整个壳体的外表面均勻刷涂一种无机水性单组分的耐高温保温涂料。
[0006] 工作时，将钠热管集热器安装在碟式热发电系统中的斯特林发动机的热头处。工 作时，热管的头部朝下斜置一定角度。经聚焦后略微发散的太阳光打在热管的蒸发段—— 旋转抛物面的表面，钠液池中的一部分液态钠受到毛细引液芯的毛细力作用而浸满蒸发段 壳体壁的内侧，吸收太阳光的热量蒸发，此时集热器整个壳体内部呈钠的气液两相共存状 态，温度在690〜760°C之间。其中钠蒸汽在热管的冷凝段，即斯特林发动机的吸热器外壁 释放潜热后液化，将高温热量传入了斯特林发动机吸热器内部的工质。液态钠在重力的作 用下沿着热管的壳体壁回流到壳体内侧角落处的钠液池中。如此完成一次相变传热过程。 该过程在集热器工作时往复循环。
附图说明
[0007] 图1为本发明的实体外观图。
[0008] 图2为本发明主要零件的装配分解图。
[0009] 图3a为本发明内部结构的剖面示意图。
[0010] 图北为图3a的局部放大图。
[0011] 附图中主要标示说明：
[0012] 1斯特林发动机的吸热器；2集热器壳体；3瞳孔；4瞳孔固定板；5螺母；6螺栓；7 毛细引液芯；8耐高温保温涂料层；9斯特林发动机的主体。
具体实施方式
[0013] 为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面结合附图及实施例，对 本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不 是用于限定本发明。
[0014] 本发明的外观如图1，它由图2和图3a中的零部件组成。在制造时，首先选取厚度 不超过8mm，目数不大于400目的镍基合金丝网做出毛细引液芯7，将其焊接在加工好的集 热器壳体2的旋转抛物面的内侧。然后把集热器壳体2的底边焊接在斯特林发动机的吸热 器1底部的安装边上。这样，集热器壳体2的内部已经形成一个封闭的腔室，此时对该腔式 抽真空，当腔室的内部压力抽至只有几帕时，灌入一定质量的液态钠，形成钠液池，之后封 装与该真空环境下。作为瞳孔3的石英玻璃嵌入两块半圆形的瞳孔固定板4中，并由12对 螺母5和螺栓6将其固定在集热器壳体2上面。待上述零件装齐之后，在整个集热器壳体 2的外表面（除了受光照的旋转抛物面)均勻涂上厚10〜15mm的一种无机水性单组分的 耐高温保温涂料，形成耐高温保温涂料层8。
[0015] 本发明工作时，如图1和图3a那样，集热器开口斜向下放置，安装在太阳能碟式热 发电系统中斯特林发动机的主体9前端的受热部位。由碟式抛物面聚光镜聚焦后的太阳光 略微发散，由瞳孔3射入集热器，对其内部的钠进行加热。液态钠在热管集热器的热端受热 蒸发成为钠蒸汽，流向冷凝端，释放潜热，迅速加热斯特林发动机的吸热器1内部的工质后 液化。在重力作用下，液化后的钠流回钠液池，完成一次相变传热过程。如此往复不断，对 斯特林发动机的吸热器1实现在高温下接近等温的均勻加热过程。
[0016] 上述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，当然，根据实际需要和进一步的探索还可以有其他实施方式。但是，应该明确的是，基于类似上述的或者其他没有表述出的具有相同构思的 实施方式的变换，均应涵盖在本发明权利要求的保护范围之中。
Claims (5)
1. 一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器，其特征在于，该集热器的主 体结构是一种重力回流式的热管结构，集热器的壳体受太阳光照射的一端设置为旋转抛物 面形状，另一端固定连接至所述太阳能碟式热发电系统中的斯特林发动机的吸热器的安装 边；集热器的壳体与吸热器的底边形成封闭腔体，所述封闭腔体内为真空环境并注入有液 态钠，形成具有一定高度的钠液池；抛物面形状的集热器的壳体的内侧焊接有毛细引液芯，所述毛细引液芯的一部分浸入 在液态钠中；旋转抛物面形状的外侧壳体端部固定安装有用于使太阳光线射入的瞳孔。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器，其特征 在于，该毛细引液芯由数层多孔金属丝网叠加后烧结而成。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器，其特征 在于，高温钠热管集热器的瞳孔嵌于两块固定板之间，再由螺栓和螺母将固定板固定在集 热器的壳体上。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器，其特征 在于，高温钠热管集热器的瞳孔由石英玻璃制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种用于太阳能碟式热发电系统的高温钠热管集热器，其特征 在于：整个集热器的壳体的外壁均勻地涂有耐高温保温涂料。
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