CN102053038B - Device for measuring breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions - Google Patents
Device for measuring breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN102053038B CN102053038B CN 200910236767 CN200910236767A CN102053038B CN 102053038 B CN102053038 B CN 102053038B CN 200910236767 CN200910236767 CN 200910236767 CN 200910236767 A CN200910236767 A CN 200910236767A CN 102053038 B CN102053038 B CN 102053038B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for measuring breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions, which is mainly characterized in that a pressure system is additionally arranged at the outlet end of a core clamper to ensure that liquid behind the core can not be boiled and evaporated due to temperature rise. The pressure system comprises two parts, one is a preceding state cooling treatment device, one section of metal pipe is additionally arranged at the outlet end of the core and a heat radiating sheet is additionally arranged outside the metal pipe; and the other part is a backward state pressurizing and detecting system, a pressure source realizes constant pressure through a constant pressure pump, an air bubble detection part is characterized in that an optical fiber air bubble detector is sleeved outside a thick-walled quartz tube and connected with a computer for realizing automatic detection and ensuring that the experiment is used for measuring parameters of the breakthrough pressure under the stimulated stratum condition, wherein the parameters have important significance on the cap rock evaluation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock sample determination of physical appearance field, particularly relate to a kind of device of measuring rock gas breakthrough pressure when saturated different fluid.
Background technology
In rock sample determination of physical appearance field, the breakthrough pressure concept is the mutually required minimum pressure of capillary pressure formation continuous flow that non-lubricated wetting phase fluid overcomes wetting phase fluid in the porous medium.The breakthrough pressure parameter can directly be estimated the Capped Ability of cap rock, calculates the gas column height that cap rock can seal rock gas, is indispensable parameter in Cap Assessment and the resource evaluation.
The breakthrough pressure of rock is not an intrinsic parameter, and under different physical states, its parameter can change.In the laboratory, normally carry out at normal temperatures and pressures the mensuration of breakthrough pressure parameter.But when the cap rock sample was in underground state, rock skeleton can bear the pressure of overlying strata, and hole is compressed.In addition, under formation condition, the residing temperature environment of cap rock is also different with normal temperature, along with the difference of buried depth, increases progressively by the thermograde of each department, is generally 2-3 ℃/100m.When the stratum buried depth reached the 5000m left and right sides, the residing temperature environment of cap rock can reach about 170 ℃, its breakthrough pressure parameter also with normal temperature, atmospheric pressure state under parameter obvious difference is arranged.Therefore, must under simulated formation temperature and pressure condition, carry out the mensuration of breakthrough pressure parameter.
According to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard (SY/T 5748-1995), at present, the mensuration of this parameter there are two kinds of methods:
1, mercury intrusion method is measured breakthrough pressure
Its method is that rock sample is dried, put into core chamber, and sample vacuumized, again mercury solution is injected rock core by forcing pump, the mercury amount that record different pressures point enters, obtain a capillary pressure curve that mercury saturation is corresponding with pressure, according to the breakthrough pressure concept, mercury form even mobile if will enter the kapillary of respective aperture, this part aperture should be the maximum diameter of hole that connects mutually system in the rock core so, is the beginning of advancing in a large number mercury at capillary pressure curve, according to tracing pattern, can find out this unique point, and according to the pressure of this point, calculate pore radius, take this radius as parameter, can calculate under the air water condition, the gas breakthrough local water forms the minimum pressure-breakthrough pressure of continuous flow phase.
But the method can't the simulated formation temperature be measured, and can form steam after mercury is heated, and also is a kind of pollution to environment, can damage the person, so the method can not be used for the mensuration that the simulated formation temperature conditions carries out breakthrough pressure.Simultaneously because the sample skeleton does not bear pressure, the method can not the simulated formation pressure condition be carried out the mensuration of breakthrough pressure.
2, displacement process is measured breakthrough pressure
It is exactly first with full each local water of rock core or kerosene that the displacement process breakthrough pressure is measured, before rock core, pass into gas, constantly increase the pressure of gas, behind rock core, see bubble, show that gas has formed continuous flow in hole, the pressure during the gas breakthrough rock core is breakthrough pressure.The method has existing industry standard to carry out standard (the oil and gas industry standard SY/T 5748-1995 of the People's Republic of China (PRC): gas breakthrough piezometry in the rock), process flow diagram comprises air or nitrogen 1, intermediate receptacle A 2, intermediate receptacle B 13, tensimeter A 3, tensimeter B 6, tensimeter C 8, tensimeter D 9, humidifier 4, six-way valve 5, core holding unit 7, high-pressure gauge measuring device A 10, high-pressure gauge measuring device B 12, piston type intermediate receptacle 11, temperature controller 14, monitor 15, vacuum pump, vacuum dryer and supplies case as shown in Figure 2.
Up to the present, measure common shortcoming of Fang Jun existence for above-mentioned two kinds, namely can not under formation temperature conditions, carry out the mensuration of breakthrough pressure, under formation condition, because the viscosity of liquid, rock surface all can change to adsorptive power of liquid etc., and the breakthrough pressure parameter also larger change can occur.Shown in the table 1.This parameter for natural gas pool, directly determined its upper caldding layer can capping oil gas post height, also determined the oil gas money amount of this trap, most important to oil and gas resource evaluation.
For displacement process, if the clamper that we adopt or heat up, when more than the temperature length to 100 ℃, the saturation degree of fluid can become unsaturated because of the evaporation of water (or kerosene) in the rock core on original saturated stratum so, and measured breakthrough pressure can diminish.
For mercury intrusion method, all mercury injection apparatuses all can not be realized heating at present, and the simultaneously evaporation of mercury also can form injury to human body, so can not carry out by the simulated formation temperature conditions when mercury intrusion method is measured breakthrough pressure at all.
Existing testing process is shown in the accompanying drawing 2 (being the Fig. 1 in the SY/T 5748-1995 standard) of this instructions back.Existing testing process can carry out the mensuration of breakthrough pressure at normal temperatures, although the regulation clamper can be warmed to 150 ℃ in the standard method, but this breakthrough pressure that can not satisfy under the simulated formation temperature conditions is measured, the clamper of temperature because only have the capability of doing sth, prior art can not guarantee that the liquid in the rock core is can not evaporate being warmed to 150 ℃, so can only satisfy normal temperature or carry out the mensuration of breakthrough pressure below 60 ℃.
In sum, because two kinds of methods of mensuration breakthrough pressure all can not the simulated formation temperature conditions.And the number of measuring can not directly be used for calculating the oil gas post height of cap rock institute energy capping, is one sided to the evaluation of cap rock Capped Ability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has the problem that in the testing process can not pressurize in the rock sample rear end now in order to solve, and only pressurizes in the rear end of rock sample, makes the elevation of boiling point of fluid, and guarantee rock sample under hot conditions still is in the saturated with fluid state, makes measurement result more reliable.
A kind of determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions of the present invention is achieved in that
Determinator of the present invention comprises tensimeter, humidifier, core holding unit, high-pressure gauge measuring device, temperature controller, monitor, it is characterized in that:
The rock core rear end of described core holding unit is connected one section metal tube 71 and the heat radiator 72 that is installed on the metal tube 71;
The described connection above metal tube 71 has heavy wall quartz ampoule 73;
Pressurization and detection system are equipped with in the top of described heavy wall quartz ampoule 73, and pressure source is realized constant voltage by a backpressure pump 75.
In implementation,
The wall thickness of described heavy wall quartz ampoule 73 can be 2-6mm, preferred 4mm; Internal diameter can be 4-12mm, preferred 8mm; Length can be 4-12cm, preferred 8cm.
Described heavy wall quartz ampoule 73 can bear the approximately pressure of 10MPa, and satisfies 200 ℃ simulated experiment temperature.
Be socketed with the infrared radiation detection apparatus 74 that detects for bubble in described quartz ampoule 73 outsides;
Described infrared radiation detection apparatus 74 comprises bubble identification component and computer control and the register system that forms behind the acquisition and recording parts, gas breakthrough rock core of number of bubbles; When in a single day infrared detector 74 identifies the bubble that forms behind the gas breakthrough rock core, test namely to come to an end, and automatically record experimental result
The acquisition and recording parts of described number of bubbles are that infrared optical fiber detects bubbler.
Pressurization and the detection system of described heavy wall quartz ampoule 73 tops are equipped with constant voltage gaging pressure table 76;
Gas gauge 77 before the rock core is installed on the described pipeline that enters core holding unit rock core front end.
As previously mentioned, breakthrough pressure mensuration is a conventionally test project.Its method is with rock core saturation water or kerosene, with the rock core clamper of packing into, constantly adjusts the pressure of gas before the rock core, until find have gas to flow out behind rock core.Gaseous tension is breakthrough pressure before the rock core of this moment.But because the breakthrough pressure of rock is to record, can not represent the breakthrough pressure of rock under the subsurface temperature condition under normal temperature condition.Deviation can appear in the evaluation to Roofrock of Natural Gas, but under condition of normal pressure, if water or kerosene are warmed to about 150 ℃, liquid will inevitably evaporate, and can not guarantee that the rock core rear end is the saturated liquid state, affects test result.
The invention of this device is exactly to have solved the test problem that carries out breakthrough pressure under formation condition.Because we want mensurated gas composition to break through breakthrough pressure under saturated local water (or kerosene) condition, just must behind rock core, pass into fluid, but and to the convection cell pressurization, also must can observe the bubble that forms behind the gas breakthrough rock core simultaneously.
Therefore, core content of the present invention is exactly in the rock core rear end, install additional and connect a back pressure control system, namely the liquid behind rock core adds suitable pressure, like this, when rock core was warmed to 150 ℃, the fluid behind the rock core just can not evaporate, thereby had guaranteed that sample can test under simulation stratum condition.Because liquid is pressurized, can determine again the generation of bubble behind the rock core, this has just produced special requirement to measurement.The present invention adopts heavy wall quartz ampoule 73 as the pressure resistant vessel (Fig. 1) of rock core rear end liquid, adopts simultaneously infrared optical fiber to detect bubbler and carries out the detection of bubble.Because the temperature of rock core reaches as high as 150 ℃, only have 60 ℃ and the durable consumer goods temperature of bubble detector is the highest, guarantee that the temperature of fluid can not affect the duty of bubble detector so installed a positive red copper heat radiator 72 additional in quartz ampoule 73 bottoms, realized real-time detection to bubble by software, can continue the bubbling speed of bubble is calculated after breakthrough pressure point arrives, this speed also can be used for estimating cap rock to the capping performance of rock gas.
In sum, because the maximum temperature in the clamper can reach 150 ℃, the invention solves in simulated formation temperature (＜150 ℃) condition and adopt displacement process to carry out the mensuration of breakthrough pressure.
Quartz ampoule 73 of the present invention can bear the approximately pressure of 10MPa, state equation according to water, water is under 150 ℃ of conditions as can be known, if keep liquid state, as long as pressure is added to 0.5MPa, the pressure-bearing of 10MPa can satisfy 200 ℃ simulated experiment temperature, so the quartz ampoule 73 that adopts among the present invention can satisfy the experiment needs fully.
In implementation, can be according to the fluid employing constant pressure pump constant voltage of experimental temperature to the rock core rear end, pressure set points is decided according to temperature, and pressure and temperature Relations Among are as follows:
ln(10×P)＝2260×18.2×(T-373)/(R×373×T)
In the formula: P is that temperature is guaranteed the minimum pressure that water can not be vaporized when being T (Kelvin temperature).When 150 ℃ (423K), as long as 0.5MPa can make water can not seethe with excitement.
Good effect of the present invention is:
Adopt the instrument after the present invention improves, in experimentation, can in the rock core rear end with the constant force value of constant pressure pump, guarantee that any evaporation does not occur the local water of artificial preparation.Thereby guarantee the reliability of experiment knot.Be applicable in the non-fluid injection situation gas in the container changed the operation into another container.Solved the problem that all can't realize carrying out under the simulated formation temperature conditions mensuration of breakthrough pressure in the prior art.
Description of drawings
The schematic diagram of Fig. 1 determinator of the present invention
The schematic diagram of Fig. 2 industry standard SY/T 5748-1995 determinator
Embodiment
The below introduces a kind of embodiment of the present invention.Protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with claims, is not subjected to the restriction of present embodiment.
At first, according to the flow process of People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard (SY/T 5748-1995), the control flow before the design rock core.
Then finish following work:
1. core chamber rear end installs one section metal tube 71 additional at the endpiece of clamper,
2. in metal tube 71 outer wall finned 72, conduct the temperature of coming to reduce core chamber,
3. install heavy wall quartz ampoule 73 above metal tube 71 additional, the internal diameter of quartz ampoule 73 is 8mm, and wall thickness is 4mm, and pipe range is approximately about 8cm,
4. the place that is connected with metal parts, the two ends of quartz ampoule 73 is all adopted extrusion type sealedly, first optical fiber bubble detector (being infrared radiation detection apparatus 74) is enclosed within on the quartz ampoule 73 before the installation, after installing the bubble detector is fixed with heatproof epoxy resin.
Installation process complete after, the rock core front end of clamper is being transferred, endpiece below, to guarantee that bubble under the buoyancy of liquid, moves up along metal tube 71 and quartz ampoule 73.
In the experiment, in case find to have bubble to occur, whether the bubble detector can finish according to the continuity judgment experiment that bubble occurs, if bubble evenly in the experiment, continuous emersion from bottom to top, shows that gas has been broken through rock core under this pressure, and experiment then can finish.
Same sample is carried out two kinds of experiments under the temperature, record result such as following table 1, as can be known from Table 1, if adopt normal temperature (because can not behind rock core, pressurizeing by convection cell, can only normal temperature test) condition, it is large that the breakthrough pressure of mud stone becomes, and the breakthrough pressure under the simulated formation temperature conditions is much smaller, and this has great importance to Cap Assessment.
Table 1
Claims (7)
1. determinator that is used for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions, comprise tensimeter, core holding unit, high-pressure gauge measuring device, temperature controller (14), monitor (15), air or nitrogen (1), intermediate receptacle and six-way valve (5); Described tensimeter comprises tensimeter A(3), tensimeter B(6), tensimeter C(8), tensimeter D(9); Described high-pressure gauge measuring device comprises high-pressure gauge measuring device A (10), high-pressure gauge measuring device B (12); Described intermediate receptacle comprises intermediate receptacle A(2), intermediate receptacle B(13) and piston type intermediate receptacle (11);
Described air or nitrogen (1) respectively with described intermediate receptacle A(2) be connected 11 with the piston type intermediate receptacle) be connected; Described intermediate receptacle A(2) and piston type intermediate receptacle (11) be connected on the humidifier (4); Described humidifier (4) connects six-way valve (5); Six-way valve (5) is connected with rock clamper (7); Intermediate receptacle B(13) end is connected with described rock clamper (7), and the other end is connected with high-pressure gauge measuring device B (12); Described rock clamper (7) is connected 15 with described temperature controller (14) with monitor respectively) be connected;
Described tensimeter A(3) be arranged on described intermediate receptacle A(2) on; Described six-way valve is equipped with tensimeter B(6 on (5)); Described tensimeter C(8) be arranged on the described piston type intermediate receptacle (11), and described high-pressure gauge measuring device A (10) is connected with described piston type intermediate receptacle (11); Described tensimeter D(9) with described intermediate receptacle B(13) be connected; It is characterized in that:
The rock core rear end of described core holding unit is connected to be had one section metal tube (71) and is installed in heat radiator (72) on the metal tube (71);
In the connection of the top of described metal tube (71) heavy wall quartz ampoule (73) is arranged;
Pressurization and detection system are equipped with in the top of described heavy wall quartz ampoule (73), and pressure source is realized constant voltage by a backpressure pump (75);
Be socketed with the infrared radiation detection apparatus (74) that detects for bubble in described quartz ampoule (73) outside.
2. the determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The wall thickness of described heavy wall quartz ampoule (73) is 2-6mm, and internal diameter is 4-12mm, and length is 4-12cm.
3. the determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that:
The wall thickness of described heavy wall quartz ampoule (73) is 4mm, and internal diameter is 8mm, and length is 8cm.
4. the determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described heavy wall quartz ampoule (73) can bear the pressure of 10MPa and 200 ℃ temperature.
5. the determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described infrared radiation detection apparatus (74) comprises bubble identification component and computer control and the register system that forms behind the acquisition and recording parts, gas breakthrough rock core of number of bubbles;
When in a single day infrared detector (74) identifies the bubble that forms behind the gas breakthrough rock core, test namely to come to an end, and automatically record experimental result.
6. the determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that:
The acquisition and recording parts of described number of bubbles are that infrared optical fiber detects bubbler.
7. the determinator for breakthrough pressure under rock sample simulated stratum conditions as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that:
Pressurization and the detection system of described heavy wall quartz ampoule (73) top are equipped with constant voltage gaging pressure table (76);
The front gas gauge (77) of rock core is installed on the pipeline of the rock core front end of described core holding unit.
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| CN112595632A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-04-02 | 扬州华宝石油仪器有限公司 | Detection system for rock gas breakthrough pressure determination under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions |
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