A kind of milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers
Technical field
The present invention relates to five axle machine tool of gantry machining center fields, be specially a kind of milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, be used for specially processing the mould manufacturing in Transparent Parts in Aviation mould and the auto industry.
Background technology
Five traditional axle machine tool of gantry machining centers adopt tooth bar or lead screw transmission more, for rack-driving, have the large advantage of strength, but precision are low.And during lead screw transmission, screw imposes torsion to leading screw, can produce shaking phenomenon when leading screw length is long, thereby affects shape and the dimensional accuracy of workpiece, and uses for a long time or when being subjected to foreign substance pollution, the precision that affects lathe easy to wear.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high speed five axle gantry machining centers that can exchange fast main tapping, solve the problems such as the precision that exists in the prior art is low.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, five axle machining centers comprise workbench, left bridge, right bridge, at left bridge and mobile crossbeam, slide plate, ram, AC Double swing head, the Tou Ku of right bridge, concrete structure is as follows:
Place respectively two line slideways on left bridge, the right bridge, slide plate is slidingly matched by the guide rail on slide block and the crossbeam, and ram cooperates by the double lead-screw transmission with slide plate, and the AC Double swing head is installed in the ram bottom, and a storehouse is placed on workbench one side; The crossbeam two ends are installed on left bridge, the right bridge by slide respectively, the X of five axle machining centers, Y-direction adopt linear motor direct drive, crossbeam moves horizontally as X-direction along left bridge, right bridge, slide plate moves horizontally as Y-direction along crossbeam, the Z-direction bi-motor center of gravity of five axle machining centers drives ram, and it is vertically mobile that ram is made Z-direction at slide plate.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, left bridge or right bridge top link to each other with crossbeam by slide, be connected with crossbeam above the slide, slide block is installed below the slide, line slideway is installed in left bridge or right bridge top, slide block and line slideway are and are slidingly matched, linear electric motor primary is positioned on the left bridge or right bridge of slide below, it is secondary that the relative side with left bridge or right bridge of slide is installed linear electric motors, linear electric motor primary is secondary corresponding with linear electric motors, and grating scale is installed in left bridge or the right bridge outside.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, crossbeam adopts Welding Structure, and the inner X-shaped muscle of crossbeam arranges that the crossbeam outer shape is trapezoidal.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, crossbeam one side arranges linear electric motor primary, and it is secondary that a slide plate side corresponding with crossbeam installed linear electric motors, and described linear electric motor primary is secondary corresponding with linear electric motors; The crossbeam opposite side arranges accumulator, and accumulator links to each other with balancing cylinder, and the top of slide plate has the muscle lattice, and balancing cylinder is installed in the muscle cell; Leading screw is installed on the slide plate and is positioned at the both sides of ram, and servomotor is installed in the slide plate top, cooperates with lead screw transmission by the Dual-motors Driving ram, and grating scale is installed in the ram both sides.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, a slide plate side corresponding with crossbeam is up and down the slide block installed surface, and slide block is installed on the slide plate both sides, and clamp is installed in the middle of the slide plate, and clamp is corresponding with the guide rail on the crossbeam.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, ram total length horizontal bar is equally spaced, and perpendicular muscle is symmetrical, conllinear is arranged.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, eight in perpendicular muscle, perpendicular muscle c and perpendicular muscle g are at straight line, and perpendicular muscle b and perpendicular muscle e are at straight line, and two straight lines are vertical; Perpendicular muscle d and perpendicular muscle f are symmetrical along perpendicular muscle e, and perpendicular muscle d, perpendicular muscle f are 50 ° with perpendicular muscle e respectively, and perpendicular muscle a and perpendicular muscle h are symmetrical along perpendicular muscle b, and perpendicular muscle a, perpendicular muscle h and perpendicular muscle b are 50 °, and perpendicular muscle a and perpendicular muscle f are at straight line, and perpendicular muscle d and perpendicular muscle h are at straight line.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, AC Double swing head A axle and C axle two parts, the A axle is provided with electric main shaft, main spindle box, outer rotor torque motor, A axle box, the electricity main shaft main spindle box of packing into, main spindle box and torque motor outer rotor are connected on the A axle box that the torque motor stator is housed by bearing; The A axle is by end-toothed disc and C axle location, and end-toothed disc is connected with the C axle by the hydraulic pressure pulling claw; The C axle is provided with rotor, axle, C axle base, and the axle that upper and lower rotor is housed is connected with C axle base.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, outer wall and lower outer wall are installed respectively in the upper and lower rotor outside, and the upper motor rotor links to each other with lower outer wall by bearing; The axle outside is the distribution oil ring inner ring, and the distribution oil ring outer ring is the part of upper outer wall, and upper outer wall is fixed on the lower outer wall, and the stator of torque motor is fixed on the outer wall.
Described milling-head exchangeable direct-driven high-speed gantry five axle machining centers, at A axle setting circle mast, the A axle is arranged in the storehouse by the setting circle mast, storehouse and positioning cylinder pole pair answer the position to be provided with the inclined-plane, location, the main axle cutter installing hole of A axle is locating hole, copies handle of a knife to make locating shaft at a bottom of the reservior seat.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention is used for the high-speed gantry five axle processing center machine tools of Transparent Parts in Aviation mould Roughing and fine machining, it is comprised of workbench, left bridge, right bridge, crossbeam, slide plate, ram, AC Double swing head, Tou Ku, left and right sides tool magazine, has fast response time, machining accuracy is high, realize the characteristics of five axle Machining of Curved Surface, machining accuracy can reach 1~2um.The processing of the constructed of aluminium of virgin metal more than 90% is processed, is used for to the manufacturing and the complex parts in the aerospace industry that are mainly used in mould manufacturing, prototype manufacturing, large scale steel mould and cast iron die in aviation and the auto industry, is the crucial process unit of the high-tech areas such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, mould and locomotive.
2, directly to drive crossbeam mobile at left and right sides bridge for dual linear motor of the present invention, eliminated transmission link, and it operates steadily, and stable performance is applicable to the Precision Machining of the moulds such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile.
3, Y-axis crossbeam of the present invention uses linear motor direct drive, has utilized the attraction of linear electric motors primary and secondary interpolar, has reduced moment and pressure that guide rail bears, has reduced the frictional force of guideway, improves its rigidity and life-span.
4, the present invention has square hole in slide plate inside, and balancing cylinder is installed within it, has saved the space, makes the lathe overall structure more reasonable.
5, the structure of the present invention AC double pendulum head storehouse of simplifying utilizes inclined-plane and A axle handle of a knife location with creating, so that accurate positioning, it is flexible to change head.
6, the present invention is by the double-pendulum milling head of the commutative A axle of alternating current permanent magnet synchronous inner rotor torque motor driving, at X, adopt the linear electric motors actuation techniques on the Y both direction, in order to improve the response speed of lathe, alleviate as much as possible the weight of machine tool movement spare under the prerequisite of assurance the rigidity of machine tool, break external monopolization aspect the AC Double swing head.
7, the present invention is in the trial of high-speed gantry five axle machining centers (lathe) the use linear electric motors that are used for the Transparent Parts in Aviation Mould Machining, and the attraction of having utilized linear electric motors primary and secondary interpolar to overcome is improved the stress of guideway.In addition, the invention provides a kind of new balancing cylinder collocation method, optimized the space of lathe slide plate ram and arranged.
8, linear electric motors of the present invention then directly drive load and save the intermediate transmission link, and control device is more accurate, moving beam is two drive aspect the control of linear electric motors also than traditional type of drive more superiority is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 workbench lower margin of the present invention structure of mounting hole schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 bridge crossbeam of the present invention is installed the drives structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 slide plate ram structure of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (b) band-type brake fundamental diagram of the present invention; Wherein, Fig. 5 (a) is front view; Fig. 5 (b) is side view.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 balancing cylinder scheme of installation of the present invention; Wherein, Fig. 6 is the slide plate schematic diagram; Fig. 7 is that balancing cylinder is installed on the slide plate schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 ram cut-away view of the present invention;
Fig. 9 AC Double swing head of the present invention structure chart;
Of the present invention storehouse three-dimensional structure diagram of Figure 10;
Of the present invention storehouse of Figure 11 positioning principle figure.
Among the figure, 01 workbench; 02 left bridge; 03 right bridge; 04 crossbeam; 05 slide plate; 06 ram; The 07AC Double swing head; 08 storehouse; 09 tool magazine; 10 tool magazines; 11 digital control systems; 12 hydraulic bjuffers; 13 line slideways; 14 linear electric motor primaries; 15 linear electric motors are secondary; 16 slide blocks; 17 grating scales; 18 slides; 19 linear electric motor primaries; 20 linear electric motors are secondary; 21 leading screws; 22 servomotors; 23 grating scales; 24 drag chain supports; 25 hydraulic bjuffers; 26 drag chains; 27 balancing cylinders; 28 Hydraulic Stations; 29 slide blocks; 30 accumulators; 31 guide rails; 32 clamps; 33 rotors; 34 axles; 35 distribution oil rings; 36 times outer walls; 37C axle base; The 38A axle box; 39 torque motors; 40 main spindle boxes; 41 electric main shafts; 42 lower margin holes; 43 muscle; 44 muscle lattice; 45 horizontal bars; 46 end-toothed discs; 47 hydraulic pressure pulling claws; Outer wall on 48; 49 setting circle masts; Inclined-plane, 50 location; 51 main axle cutter installing holes; 52 locating shafts.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, five axle machining centers of the present invention comprise workbench 01, left bridge 02, right bridge 03, the crossbeam 04 in left bridge 02 and 03 movement of right bridge, slide plate 05, ram 06, AC Double swing head 07, a storehouse 08 etc., the X-direction of five axle machining centers, Y-direction adopt linear motor direct drive, Z-direction adopts the bi-motor center of gravity to drive ram, and its concrete structure is as follows:
Shown in Fig. 1,3,4, workbench 01 is fixed on the ground, fixes by anchor grouting.Lathe bed the right and left is two chip cleaners, and chip cleaner will be processed iron filings and pour connecing in the bits car of lathe back into.Place respectively two line slideways 13 on left bridge 02, the right bridge 03, in the middle of left bridge 02 or the right bridge 03 linear electric motor primary 14 is installed, left bridge 02, right bridge 03 adopt cast structure.Left bridge 02 side is provided with the empty window of square, and the mounting glass form is observed the processing situation, and one of them window is installed tool magazine 09, and tool magazine 09 is installed on the guide rail, scalable tool changing, and tool magazine 09 can hold 32 cutters.Right bridge 03 side is provided with the empty window of square, and the mounting glass form is observed the processing situation, and one of them window is installed tool magazine 10, on tool magazine 10 mounting guide rails, and scalable tool changing, tool magazine 10 can hold 32 cutters.Two hydraulic bjuffers 12 are respectively installed in left bridge 02, right bridge 03 front and back, and before and after lathe moves to during extreme position, hydraulic bjuffer 12 plays brake and prevents that crossbeam 04 from deviating from the effect of bridge.Storehouse 08 is placed on workbench 01 1 sides (back), can realize easily the automatic exchange of A axle yaw, and digital control system 11 hangs and is installed on the right bridge 03 in lathe the place ahead, and is corresponding with workbench 01.
Slide plate 05 is slidingly matched by slide block 29 and guide rail 31 on the crossbeam 04, and ram 06 and slide plate 05 cooperate ram 06 bottom installation AC Double swing head 07 by lead screw transmission.Crossbeam 04 two ends are installed on the bridge (left bridge 02, right bridge 03) by slide 18 respectively, and crossbeam 04 moves horizontally (X-axis motion) along left bridge 02, right bridge 03 as X-direction; Slide plate 05 moves horizontally (Y-axis motion) along crossbeam 04 as Y-direction; Ram 06 is made Z-direction at slide plate 05 and is vertically moved (Z axis motion).Crossbeam 04 is carrying the slide plate 05 that moves as Y-direction and the ram 06 that moves as Z-direction.
The middle cushion screw mounting hole of workbench 01 arranges that as shown in Figure 2 lower margin hole 42 is arranged in the middle of the closed bead 43, compares the enabling capabilities that has improved lathe bed with traditional approach.
As shown in Figure 3, bridge crossbeam installation drives structure is as follows:
Bridge (left bridge 02 or right bridge 03) top links to each other with crossbeam 04 by slide 18, because slide 18 except the gravity that bears the crossbeam movement parts, also bears the very strong attraction of linear electric motors primary and secondary inter-stage, for improving its ability to bear, slide materials'use 40Cr.Be connected with crossbeam 04 above the slide 18, slide block 16 is installed below the slide 18, line slideway 13 is installed in the bridge top, slide block 16 is with line slideway 13 and is slidingly matched, linear electric motor primary 14 is positioned on the bridge of slide 18 belows, the relative side with bridge of slide 18 is installed linear electric motors secondary 15, linear electric motor primary 14 is corresponding with linear electric motors secondary 15, crossbeam 04 moves forward and backward under linear electric motors drive, grating scale 17 is installed in the bridge outside, is used for measuring lathe X-direction run location and the accurately processing of control lathe.
Shown in Fig. 1,4,7, the slide plate ram structure is as follows:
Crossbeam 04 adopts Welding Structure, and for reduce inertia as far as possible, inner X-shaped muscle arranges that trapezoidal outer shape is with weight reduction.Crossbeam 04 1 side elevation mounting guide rails 31 slide plates 05 are slidingly matched by the guide rail 31 on slide block 29 and the crossbeam 04, and linear electric motor primary 19 is positioned at the installed surface in the middle of crossbeam 04 1 sides.Crossbeam 04 opposite side is equipped with two accumulators 30, and accumulator 30 links to each other with balancing cylinder 27, for balancing cylinder 27 provides energy.
Slide plate 05 flat structure, slide plate 05 and crossbeam 04 a corresponding side is installed linear electric motors secondary 20, linear electric motor primary 19 is corresponding with linear electric motors secondary 20, the slide plate 05 inner balancing cylinder 27 of placing, and the attraction of cathetus motor of the present invention plays advantageous effect to the overall operation of lathe.Suction has been offset the downward moment of slide plate ram, has alleviated the stressed of slide block 29, the service life of having improved guideway.The guide rail type selecting is under equal conditions compared with lead screw transmission can reduce specifications and models.Leading screw 21 is installed on the slide plate 05, is positioned at the centre position, the left and right sides of ram 06, uses double lead-screw center of gravity drive principle, cooperates with leading screw 21 transmissions by Dual-motors Driving ram 06.Servomotor 22 is installed in slide plate 05 top, and servomotor 22 drives Z axis and moves up and down.Fixing drag chain support 24 on the slide plate 05, hydraulic bjuffer 25 is fixed on the top of ram 06 by support plate, prevents the whole excess of stroke of ram.Drag chain 26 is connected to by drag chain support 24 on the support of ram 06, and balancing cylinder 27 is installed in the muscle cell of slide plate 05, is Hydraulic Station 28 above the drag chain support 24.
Shown in Fig. 4,5,6,7, the balancing cylinder mounting structure is as follows:
Design two square hole muscle lattice 44 in slide plate 05 end face centre position are used for installing balancing cylinder 27.Effectively utilize the cavity structure of welding slide plate, otherwise in lathe of the present invention, just do not had the space to arrange balancing cylinder, and had to use large specification servomotor.
Balancing cylinder 27 vertically inserts in the square muscle lattice 44 of slide plate 05, slide plate 05 and crossbeam 04 a corresponding side is up and down the slide block installed surface, two slide blocks 29 are respectively installed on slide plate 05 both sides, the middle clamp 32 of installing, and clamp 32 is corresponding with the guide rail 31 on the crossbeam 04.In ram 06 both sides two cover grating scales 23 are installed, grating scale 23 detects position and the motion control of lathe Z-direction.Clamp 32 is produced frictional force by clamping guide-rail and is stopped by the hydraulic control brake.
Shown in Fig. 5 (a)-Fig. 5 (b), the clamp operation principle, when lathe moved, clamp 32 unclamped; When needs slowed down or stop, clamp 32 clamping guide-rails produced frictional force and come the brake bed operating.Among the figure, KBHS represents clamp 32.
Ram 06 total length horizontal bar 45 is equally spaced, and perpendicular muscle is symmetrical, conllinear is arranged, as shown in Figure 8:
Article eight, perpendicular muscle a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h erect muscle c and perpendicular muscle g at straight line, and perpendicular muscle b and perpendicular muscle e are at straight line, and two straight lines are vertical.Perpendicular muscle d and perpendicular muscle f are symmetrical along perpendicular muscle e, and perpendicular muscle d, perpendicular muscle f are 50 ° with perpendicular muscle e respectively, and perpendicular muscle a and perpendicular muscle h are symmetrical along perpendicular muscle b, and perpendicular muscle a, perpendicular muscle h and perpendicular muscle b are 50 °, and perpendicular muscle a and perpendicular muscle f are at straight line, and perpendicular muscle d and perpendicular muscle h are at straight line.Although increased the welding difficulty of ram, make whole ram respectively to stressed symmetry, greatly reduced the flexural deformation of ram under heavy load.
AC Double swing head 07 structure as shown in Figure 9, the double-pendulum milling head of the commutative A axle that is driven by alternating current permanent magnet synchronous inner rotor torque motor, milling head is comprised of A axle (I) and C axle (II) two parts.The primary structure of A axle (I) is comprised of electric main shaft 41, main spindle box 40, outer rotor torque motor 39, A axle box 38, electricity main shaft 41 main spindle box 40 of packing into, main spindle box 40 and torque motor 39 outer rotors are connected on the A axle box 38 that the torque motor stator is housed by bearing.The A axle is by end-toothed disc 46 and C axle location, and end-toothed disc 46 is connected with the C axle by hydraulic pressure pulling claw 47, and hydraulic pressure pulling claw 47 is realized the exchange of A axle by hydraulic control.C axle (II) is united driving by two outer rotor torque motor, its primary structure is comprised of rotor 33, axle 34, distribution oil ring 35, C axle base 37 etc., being equipped with up and down, the axle 34 of two AC permanent-magnet synchronous external rotor torque motor rotors 33 is connected with C axle base 37, outer wall 48 and lower outer wall 36 are installed respectively in upper and lower rotor 33 outsides, upper motor rotor 33 links to each other with lower outer wall 36 by bearing and realizes rotary actuation, can carry out greater than ± 360 ° of rotations.Axle 34 outsides are distribution oil ring 35 inner rings, and distribution oil ring 35 outer rings are the part of upper outer wall 48, and upper outer wall 48 is fixed on the lower outer wall 36, is fixture.By the sealing ring sealing, the stator of torque motor is fixed on the outer wall 48 between each oilhole.Torque motor on the C axle realizes that by end-toothed disc 46 transmitting torques the circumference of A axle rotates, and the outer rotor torque motor 39 on the A axle realizes the swing of main spindle boxes 40.
Shown in Figure 10-11, a storehouse 08 is frame structure, is used for storing and switching the A axle of AC Double swing head, four setting circle masts 49 are arranged before and after the A axle, storehouse correspondence position is designed to inclined-plane 50, four location, and recycling main axle cutter installing hole 51 is locating hole, copies handle of a knife to make locating shaft 52 at base.
This structure accurate positioning only needs programme-control that crossbeam, slide plate are moved to when changing and changes a position, and ram is slowly put into Tou Ku with the A axle downwards.In machine tooling when operation,, a storehouse 08 is isolated by protective cover, pushes Tou Kumen open by cylinder when changing and changes the head action.