CN102041101B - Gasification method with gas waste heat utilization - Google Patents
Gasification method with gas waste heat utilization Download PDFInfo
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- CN102041101B CN102041101B CN200910235467.3A CN200910235467A CN102041101B CN 102041101 B CN102041101 B CN 102041101B CN 200910235467 A CN200910235467 A CN 200910235467A CN 102041101 B CN102041101 B CN 102041101B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gasification method with gas waste heat utilization, and relates to gasification technology. The method comprises the following steps of: adding a carbon-containing fuel into a hearth of a gasification furnace, introducing a gasification agent and performing pyrolysis and gasification reaction to produce gas, wherein the gasification agent is air, oxygen-rich air, pure oxygen, or a combination of one of the air, the oxygen-rich air and the pure oxygen, and steam; and heating feed water or external steam by using the sensible heat of the gas produced by the gasification furnace to produce superheated steam, and preheating the air, the oxygen-rich air or the pure oxygen introduced into the hearth of the gasification furnace by using the superheated steam. By fully utilizing the waste heat of the gas, the method is simple and safe and has small investment, and the heat value of the gas produced through single bed gasification is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gasification technology field, is a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN.
Background technology
The gasification of carbonaceous fuel is carried out conventionally under more than 800 ℃ high temperature, and when coal gas is discharged from vapourizing furnace, temperature, also up to more than 800 ℃, if directly send into purification system, will be lost a large amount of sensible heats, therefore needs gas recovery waste heat.In prior art, be generally vapourizing furnace and join waste heat boiler, to absorb the sensible heat of coal gas, produce saturation steam, except small part steam can be used as vapourizing furnace vaporized chemical, all the other steam are outer confession all.Although this way has reclaimed coal gas waste heat, because vapourizing furnace operational condition is limit, all steam all can not be passed into vapourizing furnace, most of steam can only supply outward, and the heat therefore reclaiming only has small part to can be used for improving caloric power of gas.
In the prior art, main vaporized chemical is air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, the vaporized chemical that steam just helps out.Only be improved the temperature of air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, just can increase substantially caloric power of gas.If but as the air preheater of plain cylindrical furnace, directly used gas preheating vaporized chemical, once air preheater is revealed, will probably blast.In prior art, have utilize nitrogen as intermediate heat carrier, from coal gas of high temperature heat absorption, the scheme of preheated air again, but nitrogen system involves great expense, and nitrogen circulation needs power consumption, therefore very uneconomical.In prior art, utilize in addition heat storage and reversing valve to carry out preheating of air, but because dust-laden in coal gas of high temperature is more, wearing and tearing easily occur and wait the problem that affects the life-span, also very undesirable.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, recycle the sensible heat of coal gas of high temperature, for preheating vaporized chemical and moisture-free coal, to improve caloric power of gas.The method is simple, safety.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, in vapourizing furnace burner hearth, add carbonaceous fuel, and pass into vaporized chemical, make it to occur pyrolysis and gasification reaction, produce coal gas, described vaporized chemical is air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, or the combination of this thrin and steam, sensible heat heated feed water or external steam that it utilizes the coal gas of vapourizing furnace generation, produce superheated vapour, and the preheating of recycling superheated vapour passes into air, oxygen-rich air or the pure oxygen of vapourizing furnace burner hearth.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, it comprises step:
(a) coal gas that vapourizing furnace produces, the superheater of flowing through successively, evaporating heating surface and economizer heat release;
(b) feedwater is passed into after economizer heat absorption intensification simultaneously, introduce drum, the saturation water in drum flows into evaporating heating surface, is heated to be saturation steam;
(c) saturation steam is introduced to superheater by drum again, make it to be heated to be superheated vapour in superheater;
(d) by superheated vapour introducing air vapor heat exchanger, preheated air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen;
(e) air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen through preheating are passed into vapourizing furnace burner hearth as vaporized chemical.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, it comprises step:
(a) coal gas that vapourizing furnace produces, the superheater of flowing through;
(b) external steam is introduced to superheater simultaneously, make it to be heated to be superheated vapour in superheater;
(c) by superheated vapour introducing air vapor heat exchanger, preheated air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen;
(d) air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen through preheating are passed into vapourizing furnace burner hearth as vaporized chemical.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, described in it, the vapor temperature of air vapor heat exchanger exit is not less than temperature of saturation.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, it also comprises to vapourizing furnace burner hearth and passes into steam, this steam is the superheated vapour of drawing from superheater outlet or the steam of drawing from air vapor heat exchanger exit.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, the vapourizing furnace described in it is circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace, through air, oxygen-rich air or the pure oxygen of preheating, from circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth bottom, passes into; Described carbonaceous fuel is fine coal; The coal gas that described vapourizing furnace produces is the coal gas of drawing, drawing after the isolated solid particulate of separator, from separator gas outlet from vapourizing furnace roof of the furnace.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, it also comprises to material returning device bottom and passes into steam, as returning charge gas; The steam passing into material returning device bottom is the steam of drawing from superheater outlet or the steam of drawing from air vapor heat exchanger exit.
The described gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, described in it, carbonaceous fuel is before adding vapourizing furnace burner hearth, and first drying device is dried; In moisture eliminator, pass into steam, as drying source; The steam passing in moisture eliminator is the steam of drawing from superheater outlet or the steam of drawing from air vapor heat exchanger exit.
Gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention, utilize cleverly the sensible heat of coal gas of high temperature to produce superheated vapour, again with superheated vapour preheating gasification air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, the potential safety hazard of having avoided coal gas-air or oxygen direct heat exchange to bring, simultaneously abundant recovery system heat also makes full use of in system, can significantly improve caloric power of gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 schematic diagram of a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is embodiment 2 schematic diagram of a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 3 schematic diagram of a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is embodiment 4 schematic diagram of a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention.
Embodiment
The principle of a kind of gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention is:
Improve caloric power of gas, have three main means: the one, the preheating required air that gasifies, the 2nd, be dried the coal for gasifying, the 3rd, to the steam that passes into high temperature in vapourizing furnace.
Conventionally, coal gas of high temperature, from vapourizing furnace is drawn, can be introduced into waste heat boiler, and feedwater is heated as to saturation steam, most of outer confession, and small part is as the auxiliary gasifying agent of vapourizing furnace, but the temperature of saturation steam compares with gasification temperature, and still on the low side.
The present invention, by superheater is set, makes full use of gas heat, and feedwater or external steam through economizer and evaporating heating surface heating are further heated as to superheated vapour; The vaporized chemicals such as recycling superheated vapour preheated air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, had both solved the problem that vaporized chemical needs preheating, avoided again vaporized chemical and the coal gas direct heat exchanges such as air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, had eliminated hidden peril of explosion.Use superheated vapour and do not use saturation steam preheated air, can increase substantially air preheating temperature.No matter like this, pass into the vaporized chemical of vapourizing furnace, be air, oxygen-rich air, pure oxygen, or steam, and temperature all significantly improves than prior art, thereby can make caloric power of gas significantly improve.
And coal gas of the prior art is only cooling through waste heat boiler, waste heat boiler is not established economizer conventionally, 100 ℃ of working medium minimum temperatures, so coal gas is without fully cooling, is introduced into purification system.And method of the present invention is while being applied to there is no the occasion of external steam, is provided with economizer, coal gas temperature after economizer is cooling is lower, and coal gas waste heat recovery is more abundant.
In vapourizing furnace, because the air capacity passing into is few, fluidizing velocity is on the low side, and coal, in the lower furnace portion heat release of burning, is difficult to support the gasification institute heat requirement of burner hearth middle and upper part.In burner hearth, pass into steam, can improve fluidizing velocity, promote burner hearth middle and upper part temperature, optimize fire box temperature and distribute, be conducive to the carrying out of gasification reaction.Meanwhile, the quantity of steam passing into by adjusting, can also regulate vapourizing furnace fire box temperature.Therefore, in vapourizing furnace, except passing into air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen as vaporized chemical, also can pass into appropriate steam.But gas recovery waste heat only produces saturation steam in prior art, therefore can only using saturation steam as vaporized chemical, and the present invention passes into vapourizing furnace burner hearth, be the superheated vapour that temperature is higher, therefore be more conducive to improve caloric power of gas.
The present invention also utilizes the coal gas waste heat drying, gasifying carbonaceous fuel of recovery.Fuel enters vapourizing furnace burner hearth again through super-dry, after removing part moisture, but has avoided this part moisture absorb heat in vapourizing furnace burner hearth heating up the condensation of lowering the temperature in gas cleaning system afterwards, has reduced the thermosteresis of system, is also conducive to improve caloric power of gas.
Like this, be used for the steam of preheated air, except heat release in air vapor interchanger adds the vaporized chemicals such as warm air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, also can be used for dry, the vaporized chemical of fuel and the fluidizing agent of material returning device, remainder is outer confession again, without circulating, thereby saved the required power consumption that circulates in system.
Embodiment 1
Application as shown in Figure 1 two sections of stove gasification systems of the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention, comprise two sections of stove vapourizing furnace burner hearths 1, superheater 4 and air vapor interchanger 7.Lump coal is added to vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1 from furnace roof, and passing into air A, the coal gas of high temperature G that gasification produces superheater 4 heat releases of flowing through, pass into heat absorption in superheater 4 by external saturation steam SS and are warming up to superheated vapour S, superheated vapour S is passed in air vapor interchanger 7 to preheated air A.Air A through preheating and the superheated vapour S that part is drawn from superheater 4 are passed into vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1; The steam S drawing from air vapor interchanger 7, supply.
Embodiment 2
Application as shown in Figure 2 the circulating fluidized bed double bed gasification system of the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention, comprise the circulation loop that circular fluid bed 10, circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, cyclonic separator 2, material returning device 3 form, also comprise back-end surfaces 9, superheater 4, air vapor interchanger 7, and the subsystem (subsystem does not illustrate in the drawings) such as gas cleaning device, end slag cooler.
Dewatered sludge C is added to circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, and pass into air A from its bottom, the high-temp circulating ash that circular fluid bed 10 produces simultaneously is also sent into circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, for pyrolytic reaction and gasification reaction provide heat, the coal gas G of generation from burner hearth 1 Base top contact, flow into cyclonic separator 2; Cyclonic separator 2 isolated solid particulate from coal gas G returns to burner hearth 1 by material returning device 3, and coal gas G discharges from separator 2 pneumatic outlets, flows through after superheater 4 heat releases, flows into gas cleaning system, obtains dry gas product.
The gasification char that vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1 produces is sent into circular fluid bed 10 burnings, and the high-temperature flue gas F of the generation back-end surfaces 9 of flowing through, is heated to be saturation steam SS by feedwater W.The saturation steam SS that boiler is produced introduces the superheater 4 of vapourizing furnace, is heated to be the superheated vapour S of 600 ℃.The superheated vapour S drawing from superheater 4 is passed into air vapor interchanger 7, air A is preheated to 400 ℃, pass into vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1 bottom; At the vapour outlet of air vapor interchanger 7, steam S is cooled to the outer confession of superheated vapour of 300 ℃, passes on a small quantity material returning device 3 as fluidizing agent.
Embodiment 3
Application as shown in Figure 3 the ciculation fluidized sheet bed gasification system of the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN of the present invention, comprise the circulation loop being formed by circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, cyclonic separator 2, material returning device 3, also comprise superheater 4, evaporating heating surface 5, drum 51, economizer 6 and air vapor interchanger 7, and the subsystem (subsystem does not illustrate in the drawings) such as gas cleaning device, end slag cooler.
Biomass fuel C is added to circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, and pass into oxygen-rich air A and steam S from its bottom, biomass fuel C in burner hearth 1 bottom partial combustion, heat is provided, make biomass fuel C that pyrolytic reaction and gasification reaction at high temperature occur, the coal gas G of generation is from burner hearth 1 Base top contact, inflow cyclonic separator 2; Cyclonic separator 2 isolated solid particulate from coal gas G returns to burner hearth 1 by material returning device 3, and coal gas G discharges from separator 2 pneumatic outlets, and the superheater 4 of flowing through successively, evaporating heating surface 5, economizer 6, finally flow into gas cleaning system, obtains dry gas.
Feedwater W is first passed into after economizer 6 heat absorption intensifications, introduce drum 51, the saturation water in drum 51 flows into evaporating heating surface 5, is heated to be 1MPa, the saturation steam of 179 ℃, by drum 51, introduce superheater 4 again, in superheater 4, be heated to be the superheated vapour S of 550 ℃.
The superheated vapour S drawing from superheater 4 is passed into air vapor interchanger 7, oxygen-rich air A is preheated to 310 ℃, pass into vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1 bottom; At the vapour outlet of air vapor interchanger 7, steam S is cooled to the superheated vapour of 190 ℃, and a part passes into vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1, and as fluidizing agent and fire box temperature regulating measure, a part passes into material returning device 3 as fluidizing agent, and all the other steam S supply outward.
Embodiment 4
Ciculation fluidized sheet bed coal gasification system as shown in Figure 4, comprise the circulation loop being formed by circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, cyclonic separator 2, material returning device 3, also comprise superheater 4, evaporating heating surface 5, economizer 6, air vapor interchanger 7 and moisture eliminator 8, and the subsystem (subsystem does not illustrate in the drawings) such as gas cleaning device, end slag cooler; The dehumidification system that also comprises coal.
Fine coal C by the particle diameter through super-dry between 0～10mm adds circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth 1, and pass into pure oxygen 0 and steam S from its bottom, fine coal C in burner hearth 1 bottom partial combustion, heat is provided, make fine coal C that pyrolytic reaction and gasification reaction at high temperature occur, the coal gas G of generation is from burner hearth 1 Base top contact, inflow cyclonic separator 2; Cyclonic separator 2 isolated solid particulate from coal gas G returns to burner hearth 1 by material returning device 3, and coal gas G discharges from separator 2 pneumatic outlets, and the superheater 4 of flowing through successively, evaporating heating surface 5, economizer 6, finally flow into gas cleaning system, obtains dry gas product.
Feedwater W is first passed into after economizer 6 heat absorption intensifications, introduce drum 51, the saturation water in drum 51 flows into evaporating heating surface 5, is heated to be 2MPa, the saturation steam of 211 ℃, by drum 51, introduce superheater 4 again, in superheater 4, be heated to be the superheated vapour S of 480 ℃.
The superheated vapour S drawing from superheater 4, a part passes in air vapor interchanger 7, and pure oxygen O is preheated to 260 ℃, passes into vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1 bottom; At the vapour outlet of air vapor interchanger 7, steam S is cooled to the saturation steam of 211 ℃, and part passes in moisture eliminator 8, and as drying source, it besides supplies.All the other superheated vapour S that draw from superheater 4, a part passes into vapourizing furnace burner hearth 1, and as fluidizing agent and fire box temperature regulating measure, another part passes into material returning device 3 as fluidizing agent.
Moisture eliminator 8 can be fluidized bed type, and the heat exchange coil heat release of vapour stream in bed makes the moisture evaporation in coal; Moisture eliminator 8 can be also drum-type, and vapour stream is crossed cylinder heat release.Passing into the steam S of moisture eliminator, can be also the superheated vapour of drawing from superheater.
Claims (8)
1. with a gasification process for coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN, in vapourizing furnace burner hearth, add carbonaceous fuel, and pass into vaporized chemical, make it to occur pyrolysis and gasification reaction, produce coal gas, described vaporized chemical is air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen, or the combination of this thrin and steam, it is characterized in that
Gas Flow, through superheater heat release, is further heated to be superheated vapour by feedwater or external steam through economizer and evaporating heating surface heating, and the preheating of recycling superheated vapour passes into air, oxygen-rich air or the pure oxygen of vapourizing furnace burner hearth.
2. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise step:
A) coal gas that vapourizing furnace produces, the superheater of flowing through successively, evaporating heating surface and economizer heat release;
B) feedwater is passed into after economizer heat absorption intensification simultaneously, introduce drum, the saturation water in drum flows into evaporating heating surface, is heated to be saturation steam;
C) saturation steam is introduced to superheater by drum again, make it to be heated to be superheated vapour in superheater;
D) by superheated vapour introducing air vapor heat exchanger, preheated air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen;
E) air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen through preheating are passed into vapourizing furnace burner hearth as vaporized chemical.
3. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise step:
A) coal gas that vapourizing furnace produces, the superheater of flowing through;
B) external steam is introduced to superheater simultaneously, make it to be heated to be superheated vapour in superheater;
C) by superheated vapour introducing air vapor heat exchanger, preheated air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen;
D) air, oxygen-rich air or pure oxygen through preheating are passed into vapourizing furnace burner hearth as vaporized chemical.
4. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, the vapor temperature of described air vapor heat exchanger exit is not less than temperature of saturation.
5. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN described in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise to vapourizing furnace burner hearth and pass into steam, this steam is the superheated vapour of drawing from superheater outlet or the steam of drawing from air vapor heat exchanger exit.
6. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that, described vapourizing furnace is the circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace that comprises circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth, separator, material returning device, through air, oxygen-rich air or the pure oxygen of preheating, from circle fluidized-bed gasification furnace burner hearth bottom, passes into; Described carbonaceous fuel is fine coal; The coal gas that described vapourizing furnace produces is the coal gas of drawing, drawing after the isolated solid particulate of separator, from separator gas outlet from vapourizing furnace roof of the furnace.
7. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, also comprise to material returning device bottom and pass into steam, as returning charge gas; The steam passing into material returning device bottom is the steam of drawing from superheater outlet or the steam of drawing from air vapor heat exchanger exit.
8. by the gasification process with coal gas UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN described in claim 1,2,3 or 7, it is characterized in that, described carbonaceous fuel is before adding vapourizing furnace burner hearth, and first drying device is dried; In moisture eliminator, pass into steam, as drying source; The steam passing in moisture eliminator is the steam of drawing from superheater outlet or the steam of drawing from air vapor heat exchanger exit.
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| CN105694975A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2016-06-22 | 琳德股份公司 | Improved gasification technology |
| CN104629814B (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2017-09-29 | 神雾科技集团股份有限公司 | The waste heat recovery and cleaning system and its application of a kind of fluidized gasification coal gas |
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| CN105670699A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-06-15 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | System and method for treating low-rank coal |
| CN106318468A (en) * | 2016-11-12 | 2017-01-11 | 江苏华威机械制造有限公司 | Crushing and recycling gasifying device of cinder coal of fluidized-bed gasifying furnace |
| CN107325847B (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2022-10-28 | 浙江大学 | Method and device for cooling and recovering waste heat of tar-containing high-temperature pyrolysis gasified gas |
| CN107267217A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2017-10-20 | 陈军武 | Biomass carbonization Quick-gasifying system |
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| CN108753370B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2024-03-29 | 安徽科达洁能股份有限公司 | Coupled coal gasification system and method |
| CN108913220A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-30 | 国科洁能（北京）科技有限公司 | With the exhaust heat stepped gasification system utilized of coal gas and method |
| CN109847459A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-06-07 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A kind of heat chemistry heat reservoir and method using fluid mapper process |
| CN112174473B (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2022-05-17 | 重庆科技学院 | Sludge pyrolysis gasification system |
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