CN102040007A - Bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with pneumatically closed zipper - Google Patents
Bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with pneumatically closed zipper Download PDFInfo
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- CN102040007A CN102040007A CN201010162618XA CN201010162618A CN102040007A CN 102040007 A CN102040007 A CN 102040007A CN 201010162618X A CN201010162618X A CN 201010162618XA CN 201010162618 A CN201010162618 A CN 201010162618A CN 102040007 A CN102040007 A CN 102040007A
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with a pneumatically closed zipper for aircraft carriers. The bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with the pneumatically closed zipper comprises a dual ejection cylinder which has enough ejection route and is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of opened ejection cylinders by using flange bolts, an ejection cylinder piston, a slide-plate spindle stern plate, the pneumatically closed zipper, honeycomb dynamic sealer, an electromagnetic damping speed-reduction device and the like. Due to the adoption of pneumatically closed zipper honeycomb dynamic sealing technology and electromagnetic damping speed-reduction technology, the ejector is simple in structure, reliable in operation, long in service life, high in civilian war service rate, convenient in logistic guarantee and small in maintenance working quality.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating of the present invention dynamic seal steam catapult relates to a kind of steam catapult, and specialized application is in the occasion of aircraft being carried out catapult-assisted take-off on aircraft carrier.
Background technology
Known aircraft carrier is a kind of very powerful large-scale water surface combat vessel of power of attacking, and its powerful attack power is relied on airplane carrier fighter, electronic warfare air plane and the AWACS in self.These various aircrafts have sliding jumping up to fly and use two kinds of ejector catapult-assisted take-offs in the mode of carrier-based.Wherein because the body of AWACS own is very large heavy, driving engine is again a comparison oil-efficient propeller turbine and can not adopt sliding jumping up to fly and can only take the mode of catapult-assisted take-off.At present, countries in the world can be made and be adopted the country of ejector cataplane to have only one family of United States Navy on aircraft carrier.
Adopt the ejector cataplane that lot of superiority is arranged on aircraft carrier: heavy airplane can take off, particularly can the catapult-assisted take-off AWACS, can be increased in the quantity of the carrier-borne aircraft of deck stop, can save the self-contained fuel oil of carrier-borne aircraft, increase the time that carrier-borne aircraft is left a blank, fighter plane or the like can take off under deck beam wind and windless situation.The aircraft carrier of United States Navy has proved that in the practice of the catapult-assisted take-off of hundreds of thousands of time the mode of taking off with the steam catapult cataplane is unusual failure-free.But the steam catapult that is adopted on the United States aircraft carrier but has 3 very big deficiencies:
At first, U.S.'s mode of the sealed steam that steam catapult adopted on the aircraft carrier home sealing of " ∩ " type rubber seal strip countercylinder longitudinal opening itself with back-off, the part of " ∩ " type sealing rubber strip is filled in the longitudinal opening of cylinder, because the crank motion of ejector piston, what the slide plate of ejector piston just went round and began again scratches filling in cylinder longitudinal opening in-to-in sealing rubber strip, compression, the effect of Fang Kaiing again, make this part sealing joint strip constantly be subjected to the stress of periodic alternation, add the heated baking effect of high pressure steam for this part sealing joint strip, it is tired to make sealing joint strip be very easy to, aging, and just have to change afterwards through launching of some number of times.The work capacity that steam catapult is changed sealing joint strip is very big, and this had both wasted a large amount of sealing member materials, had taken a large amount of maintenance workloads again, had reduced the combat duty rate of aircraft carrier.
The second, the rigidity of the cylinder body of the open cylinder on U.S.'s aircraft carrier itself is relatively poor: the steam at airplane catapult process mesohigh enters cylinder, under the double action of the dynamical reaction of ejection piston countercylinder under the effect of high-pressure steam pressure and in ejection process, after launching through taking off of certain number of times, the opening aperture of open cylinder will become greatly gradually, and the aperture of cylinder openings becomes big will make later cylinder gas leakage increase.The maintainer is when countercylinder keeps in repair, at first each joint of cylinder to be disassembled, again the opening aperture, the diameter of cylinder of each joint cylinder are carried out careful measurement, again the method for overproof those parts of opening aperture with plastic working eliminated at last.The a few work of above-mentioned this all are accurate, meticulous work, and maintenance capacity also is very big.
Three, the piston retarder of the ejector on U.S.'s aircraft carrier adopts is that two water awl of stopping inserts the stop speed reduction gearing of device of water, though this speed reduction gearing has been avoided the rigid collision between piston and the cylinder body shell, " water slug " between piston and the water is inevitable.It is not very " soft " to the deceleration effort of piston.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned 3 deficiencies that also will overcome the steam catapult of U.S.'s aircraft carrier, the technical scheme that the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating of the present invention dynamic seal steam catapult is adopted is:
The closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch, left and right in a longitudinal direction symmetry, be seated on the same footing foundation, launch cylinder and on its length direction, can freely stretch, have enough rigidity on the cross-sectional direction to guarantee that the ejector body does not deform in cataplane to offset the temperature stress that het expansion brings.
Place in the open cylinder cover open cylinder and register, the width of opening, equal in length, a plurality of open cylinder are applied mechanically bolted mode to be coupled together and forms the cylinder that launches with sufficient length stroke, ejection piston is placed in the open cylinder, connect slide plate shuttle place at ejection piston tailgate is installed, the cross-sectional plane of tailgate is made
Shape, on the top of tailgate and the sidepiece on both sides honeycomb steam seal is installed, the cross-sectional plane that tailgate has enough length and tailgate will be made into mazy structure, the tailgate that ejection piston drives the slide plate shuttle can slide in mazy channel architecture of cylinder bushing freely in company with ejection piston, the front end of ejection piston is equipped with permanent magnet deceleration cone, the end of cylinder band install with so that permanent magnet deceleration cone slow down can closure also can inc coil.
Longitudinal direction mutually symmetry cylinder and and the inboard of the close-fitting cylinder bushing of cylinder on open a series of equidistant aperture, the quantity of aperture is identical with the quantity of slide fastener piece.Distance between the Kong Yukong equals the length of slide fastener block, with bypass duct these perforates in the side of cylinder bushing is connected with the bypass cylinder.
The closed slide fastener of one cover bypass cylinder steam-operating is installed in cylinder bushing slide fastener piece guide groove, each slide fastener block all is connected with the valve piston push rod of bypass cylinder, in cataplane under the promotion of ejection piston at high pressure steam, high pressure steam also enters the bypass cylinder by bypass duct simultaneously, promote the valve piston of bypass cylinder interior, valve piston promotes the slide fastener piece, the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is just along with to front slide one by one the follow up closure of ejection piston slide plate shuttle in the cylinder bushing opening, this follow-up synchronously, the closed slide fastener of the steam-operating that lags behind slightly just will launch in the cylinder from the overwhelming majority of the high pressure steam of cylinder openings ejection and seal, thereby set up an effective closure area in the external parallel of launching cylinder openings above the opening of cylinder, this sealing area just will be sealed from the overwhelming majority of launching the steam that the cylinder longitudinal opening leaks out.Rather than directly the sealing of countercylinder opening itself.
The closure follow-up speed of the closed slide fastener of this bypass cylinder steam-operating lags behind slightly and is synchronized with the sliding velocity of ejection piston slide plate shuttle, thereby between closed slide fastener of steam-operating and slide plate shuttle, stay the part gap, this gap width will increase along with the increase of ejection piston ejection speed, just has few part gas and lets out from this gap.For the steam of revealing away from this gap is sealed to greatest extent, will be at ejection piston tailgate shuttle
Between structure and the cylinder bushing, between the bottom of the top of ejection piston tailgate shuttle and the closed slide fastener of steam-operating, mazy honeycomb steam seal is installed, gas in cylinder is from the tailgate shuttle, the cylinder bushing opening, when the gap between the closed slide fastener of the steam-operating bottom is flow through, high-voltage steam gas rotates in honeycomb steam seal, expand, step-down, can in consuming, like this, mazy honeycomb steam seal just produced a kind of combined action the multiple wall effect of damping this part at the tailgate shuttle, the cylinder bushing opening, the gas that stream passes through between the closed slide fastener of the steam-operating bottom is just sealed by honeycomb steam seal.Here it is honeycomb steam seal to the sealing process of steam, is called for short " honeycomb dynamic seal " under state of kinematic motion.
Under the double seal effect of closed zipper seal of steam-operating and honeycomb dynamic seal, most steam of discharging in the cylinder all will be closed, and have only the steam leakage of hoot to go out, and most steam all is used for promoting ejection piston and goes the cataplane lift-off.
Launch the process of an airplane is about to finish when ejection piston, ejection piston also will move and arrive the end that launches cylinder, when ejection piston moves to the end that launches cylinder, will enter the deceleration seal section that launches cylinder in the anterior permanent magnetism deceleration cone of installing of ejection piston.When the permanent magnet deceleration cone that is equipped with when the ejection piston front end is inserted the closing coil of deceleration seal section, closing coil will produce a kind of deceleration of motion that resistance that ejection piston moves on makes ejection piston that hinders, and the kinetic energy that ejection piston itself is had will be absorbed until piston motion in electromagnetic retarder and stop.
Under ejection piston is resetting traction machine pulling in the playback of beginning return, the steam of cylinder internal remainder is entered condenser be cooled to condensate water.All slide fastener pieces of the closed slide fastener of steam-operating reset under the pulling of retracing spring, at this moment the closing coil of electromagnetic retarder is disconnected and become open circuit, pulling force when the permanent magnet of ejection piston front end will no longer be subjected to from closing coil the permanent magnet return resets to reference position with traction machine traction ejection piston again and prepares launching of aircraft next time.
The main points of the technical program are:
The closed slide fastener honeycomb of this bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch.Opening is launched in the cylinder bushing that cylinder band is pressed into opening, and multi-node cylinder bushing is connected to become the ejector with enough trip distances by bolted mode.About two exhaust casings vertically the symmetry.The enough rigidity of cylinder bushing can guarantee that the aperture of the longitudinal opening of open cylinder changes never.
The technical program is not itself sealing steam catapult cylinder longitudinal opening, seal the area but adopt the closed slide fastener static seal of bypass cylinder steam-operating technology to set up in the outside of the longitudinal opening that is parallel to open cylinder, so just can eliminate and omit sealing joint strip without steam catapult adopted on U.S.'s active service aircraft carrier with the compound double seal action principle of the dynamic sealing technology of honeycomb steam seal.
A permanent magnetism deceleration cone is installed in ejection piston front at this steam catapult, the permanent magnet of mounting arrangements sufficient amount on permanent magnetism deceleration cone, insert in the process of coil of a closure in permanent magnetism deceleration cone, according to Lenz law: when external magnetic field near and when causing that the magnetic flow that passes a cross-sectional plane in the closing coil increases, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the increase of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.When external magnetic field is left and cause the magnetic flow minimizing of the cross-sectional plane that passes a closing coil, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the minimizing of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted and remedy in the magnetic field of this induced current.Like this, the magnetic field of the closed induced current that coil produced will stop the motion of permanent magnetism cone and ejection piston, stops up to piston is hindered.Coil with closure when the ejection piston return resets disconnects, and makes it to become inc coil, so in the time of the ejection piston return, because coil itself has not been a closing coil, also can not produce induced current, does not also just have the magnetic field of induced current.Ejection piston will no longer be subjected to the pulling force of coil during return under the tractive of machine that resets.
If the steam catapult of China's aircraft carrier adopts the getable benefit of technical scheme of the closed slide fastener honeycomb of this bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult to be:
This steam catapult ejection propulsion is big, and ejection propulsion can be between 0.7MN to 1.5MN the size of step-less adjustment ejection propulsion, to adapt to light-duty, medium-sized, the heavy carrier-borne aircraft of the various models of normal catapult-assisted take-off, the particularly normally requirement of the very large heavy weight AWACS of catapult-assisted take-off body.
Can on the aircraft carrier deck, save the runway area that much is used for the sliding race of aircraft, so that on the deck of aircraft carrier, stop many fighter planes and other operational aircraft.
Can shorten the time that makes the aircraft lift-off, save the fuel of fighter plane preciousnesses that consume in the lift-off process more, the time that increases the fighter plane combat radius and leave a blank.
Can arrange the ejector of several different models more, fight so that in the short time, launch many aircraft lift-offs simultaneously.
Can beam wind, windless or even all in the same old way can cataplane under comparatively abominable sea situation lift-off fight.
This steam catapult is simple in structure, is easy to make install, and long service life, maintenance is few, and logistics support is convenient strong, combat duty rate height.
This steam catapult integral rigidity is good, and flexible type is not safe and reliable, and the aperture of particularly launching the longitudinal opening of cylinder and cylinder bushing changes never, thereby has saved a large amount of maintenance workloads.
Because this steam catapult has eliminated sealing rubber strip, also just saved a large amount of replacing maintenance workloads, also saved a large amount of sealing members, saved the fund that a large amount of leakproofing material occupied.
Because this steam catapult eliminated sealing rubber strip, with the service worker quantity of warship trip, can save nearly 450 service worker with respect to the steam catapult of U.S.'s aircraft carrier.That has just saved 450 cabins that the living space that the workman lived is occupied, and just having saved simultaneously to 450 warship persons provides living guarantee necessary rear supply.Improved the afloat endurance of aircraft carrier, reduced the dependence of aircraft carrier for rear supply.
Because this ejector has adopted the dual compound seal effect of closed slide fastener static seal technology of steam-operating and honeycomb steam seal dynamic sealing technology to make the sealing of this ejector more safe and reliable, consumable accessory seldom.
Owing to the device that the ejection piston to this steam catapult has adopted electromagnetic damping to slow down, can make very " soft ", very steady, the nothing impact of moderating process of ejection piston.
Description of drawings
Technical scheme in order to illustrate more clearly that the closed slide fastener honeycomb of this bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult is adopted is described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is ejector monnolithic case and major part structural principle scheme drawing.
Fig. 2 is ejection piston structure and major part principle schematic.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of cell type dynamic seal, and top figure is a front view, and following figure is a birds-eye view.
Fig. 4 is that the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is for open cylinder longitudinal opening leak free principle schematic.
Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of Fig. 1 at the B-B place.Expression pressure is that the high pressure steam of Po has entered the bypass cylinder and promoted the slide fastener piece by bypass manifold cylinder openings is sealed among the figure.
Fig. 6 is that two rear piston faces of cylinder of launching cylinder are temporarily sealed the perforate of cylinder side wall, and the high pressure steam Po that launches cylinder internal does not also enter bypass duct and bypass cylinder situation scheme drawing.
Fig. 7 be left view represent the cylinder bushing labyrinth type "
" structure of shape, the principle vapour scheme drawing of slide fastener piece guide barrel construction scheme drawing and ejection piston tailgate closed steam in maze-type structure.
Fig. 8 be the promotion of the ejection piston high pressure steam that to be subjected to former moving steam pressure be Po prepare to travel forward also do not have a setting in motion that constantly, i.e. ejection piston initial condition scheme drawing.
Fig. 9 be when two ejection pistons with ever-increasing speed V the time to front slide, the back face of cylinder of ejection piston is the bypass cylinder perforate scheme drawing on the inswept cylinder wall one by one.
Figure 10 is the principle schematic of expression honeycomb dynamic seal.To the front slide time, the tailgate of ejection piston is with the gap closure principle between slide fastener piece and the slide plate shuttle with ever-increasing speed V for the expression ejection piston among the figure.
Figure 11 installs the relation principle scheme drawing between expression bypass cylinder, piston, piston mandril, slide fastener piece, the retracing spring.
Figure 12 is that high pressure steam does not also enter the bypass cylinder, the slide fastener piece principle schematic of the installation of the position in the guide groove and buffer rubber gasket again when the slide fastener piece does not also seal cylinder openings.
Figure 13 is that pressure is that the high pressure steam of Po enters the bypass cylinder and promote the slide fastener piece will be from the high pressure steam osed top principle schematic of cylinder openings ejection.
Steam rotated expansion decompression principle scheme drawing when Figure 14 was the honeycomb steam seal sealed steam in packing.
Figure 15 is that the electromagnetic damping retarder makes ejection piston deceleration principle schematic.
Figure 16 is the ejector piston return scheme drawing that resets.
Fig. 1 is ejector monnolithic case principle schematic. Each several part numeral among the figure: ejector cylinder block 1; Ejector slide plate shuttle 2; Ejector cylinder sleeve adpting flange 3; Ejector initial sealing section 4; The ejection piston towing pad 5 that resets; Outer cylinder body hold-down support 6; Outer cylinder body sliding support 7; Ejector exhaust hole 8; Ejector electromagnetic deceleration seal section 9; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 10; Connecting plate 11; Bypass cylinder 12; Bypass cylinder is taken over mouth 13; Ejector longitudinal opening 14;
Can find out in Fig. 1: this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb movable sealing steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch, and two cylinders are located on the same basis jointly by outer cylinder body hold-down support 6, outer cylinder body sliding support 7 that quantity is a lot of. Owing to launch the heat effect of cylinder when work steam, launch cylinder block and will thermal expansion take place vertically and extend. It is vertically freely flexible that the integral rigidity that support base should guarantee to launch cylinder guarantees to launch cylinder block again. Two cylinders are fixed by outer cylinder body hold-down support 6 one ends, and the outer cylinder body sliding support 7 that quantity is a lot of supports to launch vertically free-extension of cylinder.
The cylinder that launches of a lot of joints is passed through to be connected to become the steam catapult with enough ejection travel with bolted mode again with adpting flange 3. Every two adjacent joints launch its axis of cylinder block and will require in theory to overlap, and the tolerance of the dead in line degree of per two joint ejector cylinder bodies must not be greater than ± 0.02mm. Two two axis that launch cylinder block require in theory at space parallel, and its parallelism tolerance must not be greater than ± 0.02mm. The guarantee ejection piston slides forward smoothly in the process of whole cataplane and the phenomenon of bite does not take place like this.
To arrange to install in the inside of the initial sealing section 4 of ejector and launch the pipe joint of cylinder and external steam system, also will arrange the blow-off line interface of installation ejection piston exhaust steam in the return that resets.
When launching forward under the promotion of ejection piston at high steam, two ejection pistons are in two cylinder slides forwards of launching, ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 10 drives connecting plate 11, ejector slide plate shuttle 2 to front slide, and ejection piston just promotes anterior air discharges to reduce ejection piston from the longitudinal opening 14 of steam vent 8 and ejection piston front portion resistance.
In the internal placement of ejector electromagnetic deceleration seal section 9 electromagnetic damping deceleration coil is installed, this electromagnetic damping deceleration coil can closure can be not closed yet, coil closed or not closed is by the closed of a K switch or disconnect and realizing.
At two cylinder walls that launch that launch the corresponding inboard of cylinder two rows are installed, every row installs several bypass cylinders 12, and each bypass cylinder 12 has a bypass cylinder to take over mouth 13. If the ejection travel of ejector is 95.5 meters, if at 8 bypass cylinders of mounting arrangements on the cylinder that launch of each Mi Changdu, so twoly launches cylinder mounting arrangements 2 * 764=1528 bypass cylinder and bypass cylinder are taken over mouth altogether.
High steam in launching cylinder to ejection piston finished once launch acting after, the haulage cable of the hauling machine that resets just draws reset towing pad 5 and ejection piston of ejection piston and gets back to initial ejection seat, prepares to launch next time. In the process that the hauling machine traction ejection piston that resets resets, ejection piston just will be discharged to the steam of ejection piston back under the pulling of the hauling machine that resets and become condensate water in the condenser.
Fig. 2 is ejection piston structural principle schematic diagram. The numeral of each several part among the figure: ejector piston 1; Ejection piston tailgate 2; Piston packing ring 3; Permanent magnet 4; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 5; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 6; Honeycomb steam seal 7; Ejection piston tailgate top honeycomb steam seal 8; Permanent magnetism deceleration cone 9.
Centre on two faces of cylinder of ejection piston is ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 5, two ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plates 5 are connected with connecting plate 11 among Fig. 1, connecting plate 11 is connected with ejector slide plate shuttle 2, by ejector slide plate shuttle 2 cataplane is removed in the power output that high steam acts on the ejection piston again.
Afterbody at ejection piston slide plate shuttle 6 connects ejection piston tailgate 2, and tailgate 2 is done a crosscut section at the A-A place, and the shape in cross section is madeMaze-type structure on the maze-type structure, this structure and cylinder sleeve is to cooperating, and outwardly directed part is installed honeycomb steam seal 7 in the tailgate both sides. Honeycomb steam seal 8 is installed on top at the ejection piston tailgate. Honeycomb steam seal 7,8 all be fixed on the ejection piston tailgate and with together sling movement of ejection piston, this has just consisted of the honeycomb movable sealing.
In order to guarantee honeycomb steam seal on the ejection piston tailgate effect to the sealing of high steam under motion state, the length L of tailgate can not be less than 1300mm.
At the front end of ejection piston permanent magnetism deceleration cone 9 is installed; The permanent magnet 4 of sufficient amount is installed in permanent magnetism deceleration cone.
The structure of the peculiar ejection piston of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb movable sealing steam catapult of the present invention is that the ejection piston structure with U.S. aircraft carrier ejector is fundamental difference. This fundamental difference point just is: this ejection piston has an ejection piston tail-board structure and the ejection piston of U.S.'s aircraft carrier does not have tailgate; The permanent magnet of sufficient amount is installed on the front portion deceleration cone of this ejection piston and U.S. aircraft carrier ejector ejection piston front portion is exactly that common hollow deceleration cone is installed, permanent magnet is not installed on it.
This structural obvious difference has embodied two the most obvious technical characterictics that are different from U.S.'s aircraft carrier ejector of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb movable sealing steam catapult of the present invention: " honeycomb movable sealing principle " and " electromagnetic damping deceleration principle ". Also to continue labor in conjunction with in the analyze to Fig. 3, Fig. 7, Figure 10 afterwards about honeycomb movable sealing principle. Also to continue labor in the analyze to Figure 15, Figure 16 afterwards about electromagnetic damping deceleration principle.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of honeycomb fashion movable sealing, and top figure is front view, and following figure is top view. The numeral of each several part in front view: steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 '; Steam-operating closed zipper piece corresponding in top view is 1,2,3,4; Ejection piston tailgate 5; Gap 6 between slide fastener piece and the ejection piston slide plate; Ejection piston slide plate 7; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 8; Open cylinder longitudinal opening 9.
In the top view of Fig. 3, when the ejection piston slide plate with a certain high-speed V forward sling movement the time, between ejection piston slide plate and steam-operating closed zipper are fast, just stayed gap 6, the value in this gap 6 increases along with the continuous increase of ejection piston ejection speed V, and the gap 6 between ejection piston slide plate 7 and the steam-operating closed zipper piece is that the length of three steam-operating closed zipper pieces is adding a little at this moment. Slide block 1 in top view has all sealed cylinder openings. Slide block 2 has sealed 3/4 with cylinder openings, and slide block 3 has sealed 1/2 with cylinder openings, and slide block 4 has sealed 1/4 with cylinder openings. In the front view of Fig. 3, gap 6 is by 5 shutoff of ejection piston tailgate. Pressure is that the original steam of Po is P1 through the later pressure decreased of the honeycomb steam seal at ejection piston tailgate 5 tops, and leakage vapour herein is very little. Also to describe in detail among the sealing process Figure 10 afterwards for gap 6 of slide plate shuttle tailgate 5 herein.
Fig. 4 is that steam-operating closed zipper piece is for the principle schematic of open cylinder longitudinal opening sealing. This Fig. 4 also is that Figure 11 is at the partial sectional view at C-C place. The sealing principle of steam-operating closed zipper countercylinder longitudinal opening is the static seal principle of steam-operating closed zipper just, and this also is a big technical characterictic of steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb movable sealing steam catapult of the present invention.
Each part numeral is in Fig. 4: middle steam-operating closed zipper piece 4; Left side steam-operating closed zipper piece 1; The right steam-operating closed zipper piece 5; Honeycomb steam seal 2,3.
What represent in Fig. 4 is a whole piece steam-operating closed zipper, because a steam-operating closed zipper is made up of 764 slide fastener pieces, can only draw herein 3 illustrates that the mutual installation between the slide fastener piece concerns.
In Fig. 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 1 and 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 4 and 5, the surface that they mutually combine all is made into concavo-convex alternate labyrinth-like structure, at the part upper surface that the slide fastener piece protrudes honeycomb steam seal 3 is installed, the lower surface of the part of protruding at the slide fastener piece is installed honeycomb steam seal 2. The overwhelming majority that escapes to the gas of cylinder outside from launching the cylinder longitudinal opening is so just sealed by this steam-operating closed zipper. Few part steam enters slide fastener piece 1 and 4, among the gap between the slide fastener piece 4 and 5, and expands in this mazy concaveconvex structure, reduces pressure. Turbulization effect when honeycomb steam seal makes the steam steam flow through cellular band increases the steam flow damping action, because the special construction of honeycomb steam seal band also produces the functions such as adsorption effect, and frictional resistance sealing simultaneously, reaches good sealing effectiveness simultaneously. This concavo-convex maze-type structure is so that the steam rotation of flowing through therein, the steam of rotation produces a kind of wall attachment effect, this wall attachment effect is so that the steam that flows in maze-type structure is subjected to very big flow resistance, the effect of this comprehensive function is just so that drain to the pressure P o that the pressure P 1 of the gas of cylinder outside is far smaller than original steam, thereby so that the steam-operating closed zipper has played the static seal effect for high steam. If this concavo-convex maze-type structure is done several more, the honeycomb steam seal of sufficient length is installed in the above, namely be to allow the steam that enters slide fastener piece gap have the path of sufficient length to reduce pressure, expand, just can accomplish to make P1=0 fully. Be that complete closed is leaked vapour.
We are considering that for launching when the cylinder longitudinal opening seals not be to pursue 100% sealing effectiveness, the sealing effectiveness of pursuit 100% just requires " dripping vapour does not leak " accomplished in the sealing of launching the cylinder longitudinal opening, this first is impossible, and it two also is not have this necessity. Sealing to steam catapult can not be accomplished " dripping vapour does not leak ". We pursue 99.5%, 99% or even 98% sealing effectiveness just can reach fully successfully that to make ejection piston be purpose to beginning to obtaining eventually the aircraft that enough steam pressures launch various models in whole ejection travel. And if really be 0.5%～2% high steam to have occurred to leak, we will reserve the surplus of a part in order to leak when considering the high steam admission so, for example: in normal cataplane, need to enter the high steam that launches cylinder 3.6Mpa, and will add larger pressure this moment, elect 3.8MPa as such as initial steam pressure, the steam pressure of that 3.6MPa that institute must assurance when reserving surplus that a part leaks and guarantee cataplane with this.
If just must improve the precision of processing and manufacturing as pursuing 100% sealing effectiveness, this has just improved the difficulty of installation, debugging simultaneously, and this loses more than gain. Launching the time of a sortie aircraft only had about 3 seconds, permitted suitable leakage part steam at the so of short duration time content that launches, but brought suitable processing and manufacturing precision, brought relatively that easy to reach is installed, adjustment accuracy, this in the use, all calculate in the maintenance to steam catapult at ordinary times.
The each several part numeral is in Fig. 5: steam-operating closed zipper piece 1; Ejector longitudinal opening 2; Bypass cylinder piston mandril 3; Bypass cylinder 4; Bypass cylinder connecting duct 5; Connecting plate 6; Aircraft carrier deck 7; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 8; Perforate 9 on the cylinder side wall is launched on the right side; Perforate 10 on the cylinder side wall is launched on a left side.
Fig. 5 is that Fig. 1 is at the cutaway view at B-B place, expression be: when ejection piston to front slide the time, the face of cylinder at the rear portion of two ejection pistons is respectively scanned and opened the perforate 9 and 10 on the cylinder side wall, the high steam Po that launches cylinder internal is by the perforate 9 on the sidewall, perforate 10, enter bypass cylinder 4 from bypass cylinder connecting duct 5 again, the high steam Po of bypass cylinder inside promotes the bypass cylinder piston, bypass cylinder piston pushing piston push rod 3, piston mandril 3 promotes steam-operating closed zipper piece 1, and steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 is with 2 sealings of ejector longitudinal opening. The original steam pressure that launches cylinder internal is Po, and the steam pressure that enters bypass cylinder inside also is Po. Can make steam pressure produce small decline at the connecting duct 5 inner Choking phenomenons that produce, ignore at this.
The each several part numeral is in Fig. 6: two sole plates 1 that launch cylinder; Launch cylinder 2; Launch cylinder bushing 3; The closed slide fastener piece 4 of steam-operating; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 5; Bypass cylinder 6; Connecting panel 7; Ejector slide plate shuttle 8; Bypass cylinder conduit 9; Bypass steam cylinder piston push rod 10; Ejection piston 11.
What represent in Fig. 6 is: two rear piston faces of cylinder of launching cylinder are temporarily sealed the perforate of cylinder side wall, launch the situation that the high pressure steam Po of cylinder internal does not also enter the bypass cylinder, the bypass cylinder internal does not also enter high pressure steam under this situation, the valve piston of bypass cylinder internal does not still obtain high pressure steam yet, thereby the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is not also all also with the longitudinal opening sealing of open cylinder.
The each several part numeral is in Fig. 7: launch cylinder 1; Launch cylinder bushing 2; Slide plate side honeycomb steam seal 3; On the left skateboard shuttle tailgate
The honeycomb steam seal 4 on the left side of installing on the structure of shape; Cylinder bushing labyrinth type guide groove 5; Slide plate shuttle tailgate 6; Honeycomb steam seal 7 on the right slide plate shuttle tailgate; The closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is installed slideway 8; Cooperate with slide plate shuttle tailgate on the cylinder bushing
Shape maze-type structure 9.
In Fig. 7, left view is an expression cylinder bushing labyrinth type
The closed slide fastener of the structural representation of shape and steam-operating is installed the slideway scheme drawing, and wherein You Bian partial enlarged drawing is represented the honeycomb steam seal installed on the slide plate shuttle tailgate and the installation matching relationship between the cylinder bushing labyrinth type guide groove.Wherein the closed slide fastener piece installation of steam-operating slideway 8 is exactly the installation site that the closed slide fastener of steam-operating is installed.
In the partial enlarged view of Fig. 7, form the and arranged on left and right sides labyrinth gap on slide plate shuttle tailgate 6 and the cylinder bushing between the maze-type structure 9, in tortuous rising the in the gap of high pressure steam Po in the cylinder in both sides, high pressure steam can in rotating in honeycomb steam seal, expand and consuming, a kind of wall attachment effect that the steam of disorderly rotation produces on the wall of maze-type structure makes high pressure steam mobile produce great obstruction, this pressure P 1 with regard to the feasible steam that lets out is far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, promptly is to produce very small steam leakage.This P1 value of expectation is exactly 0.5～1%Po.The principle of slide plate shuttle tailgate dynamic seal that Here it is.Here it is slide plate shuttle tailgate is to the sealing function principle of the steam that flows through in the gap of both sides.
The each several part numeral is in Fig. 8: launch the opening 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 on the cylinder side wall; The closed slide fastener piece 1 of steam-operating ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 '; Slide plate shuttle tailgate 8; Ejector piston 9; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 10; Slide plate shuttle 11; Second bypass cylinder connecting duct 12; Slide plate shuttle 13 in the birds-eye view in longitudinal opening; Longitudinal opening 14; Treat closed slide fastener piece 15; First bypass cylinder connecting duct 16.
If: the width of setting the longitudinal opening 14 that launches cylinder is 30mm, and the outside dimension of setting the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is: thickness 60 * width 100 * length 125mm, the Theoretical Mass of each slide fastener piece is exactly so: 5.8875Kg.The diameter of setting bypass cylinder valve piston is: ￠ 45mm, the area of valve piston is exactly so: 1589.625mm
2Set the steam pressure Po=3.6MPa that promotes ejection piston, so, the steam pressure that acts on the bypass cylinder valve piston also is Po=3.6MPa, and the propelling thrust of vapor action on valve piston is so: 5722.65 newton.The valve piston of bypass cylinder promotes the closed slide fastener piece motion of steam-operating and goes longitudinal opening 14 closures, and the acceleration/accel of generation is: 972 meter per seconds
2, the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating will launch the 14 used times of sealing of cylinder longitudinal opening and be: 0.00785 second.This closed time is very efficiently swift.
The length L of slide plate shuttle tailgate is not less than 1300mm as calculated.The height H of slide plate shuttle tailgate is not less than 100mm.
The numeral of each several part is in Fig. 9: ejection piston 1; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 2; Bypass cylinder perforate 3 on the cylinder wall; Launch cylinder 4; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 5.
In Fig. 9, when two ejection pistons with certain speed V the time to front slide, the rear portion of ejection piston is the bypass cylinder perforate on the inswept cylinder wall one by one, the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal just will enter the bypass cylinder again by cylinder perforate, bypass cylinder conduit, and the bypass cylinder valve piston of bypass cylinder internal just will promote the longitudinal opening sealing of the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating with cylinder.
The principle schematic of expression honeycomb dynamic seal in Figure 10.Figure on Figure 10 is a front view, and following figure is a birds-eye view.The each several part numeral be: in front view, the closed slide fastener piece 1 of steam-operating ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 '; Cooresponding in birds-eye view the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating be 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 10; Ejector slide plate shuttle 11; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 12; Slide plate shuttle tailgate 13; Gap 14 between closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and the slide plate shuttle; Ejector piston 15.
In the birds-eye view of Figure 10, the sealing that the closed slide fastener piece 1,2,3,4,5,6 of steam-operating has been finished longitudinal opening, and slide fastener piece 7,8,9 is not also finished the sealing of countercylinder longitudinal opening fully, wherein slide fastener piece 7 has been finished launching 3/4 sealing of cylinder longitudinal opening 12, slide fastener piece 8 has been finished 1/2 sealing, and slide fastener piece 9 has only been finished 1/4 sealing.Thereby stayed gap 14 to front slide at a high speed with certain speed V owing to launch the slide plate shuttle.This gap 14 is to be made of the length of 4 slide fastener pieces nearly.The length of 4 slide fastener pieces is 500mm.This represented gap width approximately is 465mm among Figure 10.And the sealing in this gap 14 is realized by the honeycomb steam seal on the ejection piston tailgate.
The size of the gap width in the gap 14 in Figure 10 between the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and the slide plate shuttle is relevant with the speed of ejection piston sling movement, and it is to increase along with the increase of ejection piston ejection speed.
When being set in the carrier-borne aircraft that launches certain model, the initial pressure that enters the high pressure steam that launches cylinder promotion ejection piston is: Po=3.6MPa, the quality of the aircraft that is launched is: M=35000Kg, the acceleration/accel of uniformly accelerated motion is when launching this aircraft: the a=33.5 meter per second
2, the aircraft that is launched from the speed of warship is: the V=80 meter per second, ejection travel is: S=95.5 rice.
Below by the numeral of a form the once size of this gap width 14 and the relation of ejection piston kinematic velocity are described;
Numeral by this form is the position relation of each point of the kinematic velocity of ejection piston and whole ejection travel as can be seen;
Numeral by this form is the position of the speed of the sling movement of ejection piston and slide fastener piece relation as can be seen also:
Table 1:
| Kinematic velocity V | V 1＝10m/s? | V 2＝15.9m/s? | V 3＝25m/s? | V 4＝30m/s? |
| Movement position S | S 1＝1.493m? | S 2＝3.783m? | S 3＝9.328m? | S 4＝13.43m? |
| Slide fastener piece position | 11.944? | 30.264? | 74.624? | 107.44? |
| The maximum clearance value | 0.00mm? | 124.82mm? | 196.25mm? | 235.5mm? |
Table 2:
| V 5＝35m/s? | V 6＝40m/s? | V 7＝45m/s? | V 8＝50m/s? | V 9＝55m/s? |
| S 5＝18.28m? | S 6＝23.88m? | S 7＝30.22m? | S 8＝37.31m? | S 9＝45.15m? |
| 146.24? | 191.04? | 241.76? | 298.48? | 361.2? |
| 274.75mm? | 314.00mm? | 353.25mm? | 392.50mm? | 431.75mm? |
Table 3:
| V 10＝60m/s? | V 11＝65m/s? | V 12＝70m/s? | V 13＝75m/s? | V 14＝80m/s? |
| S 10＝53.73m? | S 11＝63.06m? | S 12＝73.13m? | S 13＝83.96m? | S 14＝95.49m? |
| 429.84? | 504.48? | 585.04? | 671.68? | 763.92? |
| 471.00mm? | 510.25mm? | 549.50mm? | 588.75mm? | 628.00mm? |
Ejection piston is in whole ejection travel, kinematic velocity is that this location point of 15.9m/s is particular point: when the speed of ejection piston sling movement speed when sling movement has just begun is " zero ", this section that reaches kinematic velocity and be 15.9m/s is in the period, speed when the speed of the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating closure slips over the slide fastener piece greater than ejection piston, during this period of time also do not form the gap between closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and ejection piston slide plate, this section period internal clearance value 14 is " zero ".When the sling movement speed of ejection piston just in time reaches 15.9m/s, this constantly ejection piston slip over used time of slide fastener piece 125mm length and the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and will launch the cylinder longitudinal opening and seal the used time and equate, all be 0.00785 second, will occur the so long gap width of 125mm at this very moment.Crossed after this location point, the ejection speed of ejection piston is increasing, and the gap width in the gap 14 between closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and the slide plate shuttle is also increasing, and the size of this gap width 14 is directly proportional with the speed that ejection piston launches.In the moment that sling movement closes to an end, the ejection piston ejection speed reaches 80m/s, and gap width 14 at this very moment also reaches maxim 628mm.For the tailgate that makes ejection piston also can seal effectively to this maximum gap width 628mm, has enough length with regard to the tailgate that requires ejection piston.In design, consider the length L=1300mm of tailgate, consider exactly that after the gap length of having sealed 628mm the ejection piston tailgate also has the sealing length of 1300mm-628mm=672mm.This length just can be finished fully to launching the sealing process of cylinder internal from the outside steam of revealing of longitudinal opening.The length of Here it is tailgate can not be lower than the foundation of 1300mm.
The value of the height h of ejection piston tailgate can not be lower than 100mm, considers exactly can arrange on the height of this 100mm that installation is mazy
Shape and structure, the path that makes honeycomb steam seal have sufficient length seal the steam of revealing outside launching the cylinder internal phenomenon.The height h value of Here it is ejection piston tailgate can not be lower than the foundation of 100mm.
Outwards revealing through this gap 14 at the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal has three channels: under the gap in the gap 14 between the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and the slide plate shuttle, and the both sides of slide plate shuttle tailgate just a: left side, two channels in a right side; Gap between the ground of the closed slide fastener piece of top that the 3rd channel is exactly slide plate shuttle tailgate and steam-operating, this gap width is more little, and steam is outwards revealed just difficult more from this channel.Too small gap width will cause processing and manufacturing, Installation and Debugging to increase difficulty.So this gap width requires suitably, gap width is comparatively suitable at 0.6～0.8mm.
The principle that the steam leakage that produces in the gap of slide plate shuttle tailgate both sides is closed can be seen the partial enlarged view of Fig. 7.
In the partial enlarged view of Fig. 7, form a left side on slide plate shuttle tailgate 6 and the cylinder bushing between the maze-type structure 9, right both sides labyrinth gap, in tortuous rising the in the gap of high pressure steam Po in the cylinder in both sides, high pressure steam rotates in the honeycomb steam seal of slide plate shuttle tailgate both sides, expand and consume interior energy, a kind of wall attachment effect that the steam of disorderly rotation produces on the wall of maze-type structure makes high pressure steam mobile produce great obstruction, this pressure P 1 with regard to the feasible steam that lets out is far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, promptly is to produce very small steam leakage.The principle of slide plate shuttle tailgate dynamic seal that Here it is.This is the sealing principle of slide plate shuttle tailgate to the gap of both sides.From the partial enlarged view of this Fig. 7 as can be seen: the channel of these two leakages has been fallen to sealing by the honeycomb steam seal on the slide plate shuttle tailgate!
Also have a channel to be exactly at the steam that the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal is revealed through this gap 14: arrival gap 14 from the long and narrow gap between the top of slide plate shuttle tailgate and the steam-operating closure slide fastener piece bottom surface.When flowing through from left to right in the gap of the high pressure steam Po in the cylinder between slide plate shuttle tailgate top and the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating bottom surface, high pressure steam can in rotating in the honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate top, expand and consuming, a kind of wall attachment effect that the steam of disorderly rotation produces below the closed slide fastener block structured of steam-operating makes high pressure steam mobile produce great obstruction, this pressure P 1 with regard to the feasible steam that lets out is far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, promptly is to produce very small steam leakage.
For steam catapult, can not guarantee the absolute sealing effectiveness of slide fastener static seal and honeycomb dynamic seal: promptly require to accomplish " dripping vapour does not leak ", and as long as guarantee that most steam no leaks just can guarantee steam catapult failure-free cataplane.In quantity: 100% high pressure steam, having 98% or 99%～99.5% high pressure steam to remove to be used for promoting ejection piston, to remove cataplane be can successfully finish the task of launching fully, also is normal.Steam catapult on U.S.'s aircraft carrier also is to have a lot of steam leakages to come out in the process of cataplane, and ejector is normal operation in the same old way.
The channel that above-mentioned three high pressure steams leak is all sealed by the honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate both sides and top.Because slide plate shuttle tailgate and ejection piston bind together a motion, honeycomb steam seal on the slide plate shuttle tailgate is finished under the ejection piston state of kinematic motion the sealing function of high pressure steam, Here it is Honeycomb steam seal motion sealing principle is called for short: " honeycomb dynamic seal principle ".
In Figure 11, the each several part numeral is among the figure: the closed slide fastener piece 1,2,3,4,5 of steam-operating; Slide fastener block reset spring 6; Bypass cylinder 7; Bypass steam cylinder piston push rod 8; Bypass steam cylinder piston 9.
What Figure 11 represented is the part of the closed slide fastener of a bypass cylinder steam-operating, and each slide fastener piece can reset under two action of reset spring of its back.The back of each slide fastener piece all is equipped with a bypass cylinder, and the piston mandril of bypass cylinder withstands on the slide fastener piece tightly.The closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating that the closed slide fastener of the steam-operating of whole piece is installed in Fig. 7 left view is installed in the slideway 8.If adorn 8 bypass cylinders by every meter ampere and consider launching on the length direction of cylinder, the ejection travel of steam catapult is by 95.5 meters considerations, and steam catapult will be installed the quantity of bypass cylinder altogether and approximately is so: 2 * 8 * 95.5=1528.After high pressure steam Po entered bypass cylinder 7, high pressure steam produced pressure on the whole piston area on the bypass steam cylinder piston 9, and this pressure promotes the slide fastener piece by piston mandril, and the slide fastener piece is again launching 12 sealings of cylinder longitudinal opening.In the front view of the top of Figure 10, the closed slide fastener piece 1 of steam-operating ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 ' etc. expression be exactly the closed slide fastener of this bypass cylinder steam-operating, sealing from the overwhelming majority of launching the high pressure steam that the cylinder longitudinal opening leaks out.After ejection process finished, high pressure steam Po disappeared, and the slide fastener piece just resets under the pulling of two retracing springs.
Do a C-C semi-sictional view at the closed slide fastener of this steam-operating on the position of slide fastener piece 3 in Figure 11, this C-C part sectional view is exactly a content shown in Figure 4.In Fig. 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 1 and 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 4 and 5, the surface that they mutually combine all is made into concavo-convex alternate labyrinth-like structure, on the part upper and lower surface that the slide fastener piece protrudes, all honeycomb steam seal to be installed, escaping to the exterior gas of cylinder from cylinder openings so just will rotate this mazy concaveconvex structure, expand, decompression, this concavo-convex maze-type structure makes the steam rotation of flowing through therein become disorderly steam flow, the steam that disorderly rotation is expanded produces a kind of wall attachment effect, this wall attachment effect makes the steam that flows in maze-type structure be subjected to very big resistance to flow, the effect of this combined action just makes that the pressure P 1 that drains to the exterior gas of cylinder is far smaller than the pressure P o of original steam, thereby makes the closed slide fastener of steam-operating play the static seal effect for high pressure steam.
The closed slide fastener of this steam-operating to high pressure steam produce sealing function be exactly the closed slide fastener " static seal principle " of steam-operating, add honeycomb steam seal on the slide plate shuttle tailgate to " the dynamic seal principle " of high pressure steam, the double seal effect of these two kinds of sealing principles just can seal up the initial pressure Po that is far smaller than steam from the pressure P 1 of launching the steam that the cylinder longitudinal opening leaks out, making the steam that leaks out fully.If what the steam pressure P1 of generation leakage did herein well can be so that the value of P1 be very little.Even can reach sealing completely.
The each several part numeral is in Figure 12: launch cylinder bushing 1; Launch cylinder 2; Bypass steam cylinder piston 3; Bypass steam cylinder piston push rod 4; Bypass cylinder 5; The closed slide fastener piece 6 of steam-operating; The closed slide fastener piece sealing of steam-operating guide groove 7; Buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8; The maze-type structure 9 that cooperates with slide plate shuttle tailgate; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 10; The closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is installed slideway 11.
What Figure 12 represented is that ejection piston is not also opened the bypass cylinder perforate on the cylinder side wall, high pressure steam does not also enter the situation of bypass cylinder 5, the closed slide fastener piece 6 of steam-operating this moment all lies in to be installed in the slideway 11, does not finish as yet launching the sealing of cylinder longitudinal opening 10.The head of slide fastener piece is processed into chamfering, and the purpose that is processed into chamfering is to make the slide fastener piece successfully enter sealing guide groove 7.The slide fastener block reset spring of this moment is held the slide fastener piece, makes it will to launch 10 sealings of cylinder longitudinal opening.Buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8 is installed in bottom at the closed slide fastener piece sealing of steam-operating guide groove 7, this buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8 can absorb the closed slide fastener piece 6 of steam-operating under the promotion of bypass cylinder internal high pressure steam at a high speed sealing launch the impact energy of the confined bed trench bottom being brought in the cylinder longitudinal opening 10.As calculated: the acceleration/accel of the closed slide fastener piece sealing of this steam-operating cylinder longitudinal opening can reach 972 meter per seconds
2The time of sealing longitudinal opening 10 is 0.00785 second.This impact energy is still very big.Impact the just necessary buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8 of installing of the distortion that causes in order to guarantee that the closed slide fastener build of steam-operating portion does not produce.
The each several part numeral is in Figure 13: launch cylinder bushing 1; Launch cylinder 2; Bypass steam cylinder piston 3; Bypass steam cylinder piston push rod 4; Bypass cylinder 5; Buffering nylon rubber backing plate 6; The closed slide fastener piece 7 of steam-operating; The maze-type structure 8 that cooperates with slide plate shuttle tailgate; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 9.
What represent in Figure 13 is: open the bypass cylinder perforate on the cylinder side wall at the rear portion of ejection piston, the Po high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal enters bypass cylinder conduit, enters bypass cylinder 5 through the cylinder conduit again by the bypass cylinder perforate on the sidewall, pressure is that the high pressure steam of Po promotes piston 3 at the bypass cylinder internal, promote piston mandril 4 again, push rod 4 promotes the closed slide fastener piece 7 of steam-operating again will launch 9 sealings of cylinder longitudinal opening.The slide fastener piece 7 of high speed impact closure will cushion 6 crimps of nylon rubber backing plate, and the nylon rubber backing plate 6 after the distortion is tightly embraced the chamfered part of the closed slide fastener piece 7 of steam-operating, and osed top is very tight, makes in the high pressure steam gap herein to leak.In the inside of launching cylinder longitudinal opening 9, high pressure steam Po produces thrust upwards to the closed slide fastener piece 7 of steam-operating, this thrust is installed in the slide fastener piece that the slide fastener piece installs in guide groove and the possum belly and stops, Here it is to from launching " the static seal action principle " of the high pressure steam that the cylinder longitudinal opening outwards reveals.
The each several part numeral is in Figure 14: end tooth packing 1; Honeycomb steam seal end tooth 2; Maze-type structure body 3.
What represent in Figure 14 is that honeycomb steam seal sealing vapour revolves principle schematic.
Be that the steam of Po is when flowing through from the gap between honeycomb steam seal and the maze-type structure body when initial pressure, when stream process end tooth 1, because steam flow right-hand side space is big, the inevitable edge run-out to the right of steam flow enters the zone that honeycomb steam seal 2 surrounds, and vapor stream will rotate in first honeycomb steam seal structural area, expand, reduces can in pressure, the consumption; So again through energy in second secondary again rotation of cell, expansion, reduction pressure, the consumption.So analogize the gas pressure P 1 that constantly goes on when steam flows out maze-type structure and be far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, thereby reached the leak free purpose.
The sealing principle of labyrinth gland is to expand by multi-level throttle to produce damping to consume the steam flow energy, turbulization effect when the cell type sealing is air-flow process cellular band, increase the air-flow shock damping action, simultaneously because the special construction of cellular band also produces adsorption effect simultaneously, and function such as frictional resistance sealing, reach good sealing effectiveness.1 throttling sealing effectiveness of end tooth in Figure 14, and air-flow enters cell after the throttling step-down, further strengthen sealing effectiveness, two kinds of packing technique integrated applications, play best effect, when steam bleeds cellular band, in each honeycomb chamber, can produce steam eddy current and barrier, thereby very big damping is arranged, steam leakage is reduced.
Its sealing mechanism is to expand by multi-level throttle to produce the purpose that damping reaches the minimizing refrigerant leakage, turbulization effect when the cell type sealing is air-flow process cellular band, increase the air-flow shock damping action, simultaneously because the special construction of cellular band also produces adsorption effect simultaneously, and function such as frictional resistance sealing, reach good sealing effectiveness.
Because the spillage of steam is directly proportional with labyrinth clearance value h, gap width h increases just will inevitably cause leaking the vapour increase, in the erection work actually, this gap width can not be too little, gap width h too young pathbreaker increases design, manufacture view difficulty, and cost strengthens, and also will cause the Installation and Debugging difficulty.Suitably adjust the optimum efficiency that this gap width h can obtain aspects such as best sealing, processing, manufacturing, Installation and Debugging.Vapour is " zero ", i.e. P1=0 to take multistage honeycomb steam seal structure can make Lou even.
The each several part numeral is in Figure 15: the permanent magnet 1 on the permanent magnetism deceleration cone; Electromagnetic damping deceleration closing coil 2; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 3; Ejection piston 4.
The each several part numeral is in Figure 16: the permanent magnet 1 on the permanent magnetism deceleration cone; The electromagnetic damping non-closing coil 2 that slows down; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 3; Ejection piston 4.
At Figure 15, in 16 as can be seen: when ejection piston has been finished ejection travel and has been entered braking section, the anterior permanent magnetism deceleration cone of installing of ejection piston just will be inserted closing coil 2 with certain speed V, and the permanent magnet of installing on the deceleration cone also just will enter closed coil 2.A permanent magnetism deceleration cone is installed in piston front at this ejector cylinder, the permanent magnet of mounting arrangements sufficient amount on permanent magnetism deceleration cone, insert in the process of coil of a closure in permanent magnetism deceleration cone, according to Lenz law: when external magnetic field near and when causing that passing the magnetic flow in the closing coil increases, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the increase of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.When external magnetic field is left and cause that the magnetic flow that passes a closing coil reduces, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the minimizing of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.The magnetic field of the closed induced current that coil produced will stop the motion of permanent magnetism cone and ejection piston, and this resistance is exactly F, stops up to piston is hindered.
When resetting, the ejection piston return opens K switch, being about to closed coil disconnects, make it to become inc coil, so at ejection piston at the traction machine that resets the time with the certain speed V return, because coil itself has not been a closing coil, can not produce induced current yet, just not have the magnetic field of induced current yet.Ejection piston will no longer be subjected to the pulling force of coil during return under the tractive of machine that resets.
Illustrate as can be seen by the analysis to above-mentioned accompanying drawing: the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating of the present invention dynamic seal steam catapult is to launch cylinder by multistage, ejector that forms with the bolted mode of flange again with double-cylinder structure of enough strokes, cataplane is removed in the shuttle front and back slip that ejection piston front and back slip freely in launching cylinder drives on the deck, the outside that acts on the longitudinal opening that launches cylinder with the double seal of honeycomb steam seal dynamic sealing technology with the closed slide fastener static seal of steam-operating technology is set up and is sealed itself sealing of area rather than countercylinder opening, absorb the dump energy of ejection piston with the electromagnetic damping retarder, the most basic technical characterictic of Here it is the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating of the present invention dynamic seal steam catapult.It is simple relatively, easy to manufacture that like this two launch cylinder structure, and it is also little that shared installation volume is installed on aircraft carrier, and maintenance workload is few on ordinary days, combat duty rate height, long service life.
The specific embodiment
The closed slide fastener honeycomb of a kind of bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult launches cylinder by the multistage opening and is formed by connecting with the flange bolt connecting mode, launch cylinder and be pressed into and launch in the cylinder bushing, launch cylinder and launch the register of cylinder bushing, the length and the width of opening equates.Must guarantee with the bolted mode of flange that each section launches the coaxiality error in the axle center of cylinder can not be greater than ± 0.02mm.Twoly launch cylinder and be installed on the same pedestal, the parallelism error of two biaxials that launch cylinder can not be greater than ± 0.02mm.Two ejection pistons before and after launching separately in the cylinder, slide respectively and drive in the opening that the slide plate shuttle launching cylinder bushing before and after slide.In order to guarantee to slide freely before and after ejection piston is in cylinder bushing, ejection piston and launch tolerance clearance tolerance between the cylinder inner wall to be limited to 0.5～0.7mm comparatively suitable.Seal ring on the ejection piston relies on the outside tensile force of self to be pressed in tightly on the inwall that launches cylinder.
The closed slide fastener steam catapult employing of bypass cylinder steam-operating is two launches cylinder structure, and together is located on the base.Such structure makes that launching cylinder can guarantee to launch cylinder and can not produce excessive distortion vertically, laterally all having good rigidity.Multistage launches and is seated at jointly on the same base after cylinder bushing links into an integrated entity with the flange bolt connecting mode, and can slide by expanded by heating on base, and base has increased the integral rigidity that launches cylinder.
Launch the initial end socket seal section of initial termination of cylinder bushing, high pressure steam admission pipe inlet be installed in the inside of initial end socket seal section, in the time of ejection process also will be installed finish when ejection piston resets the blow-off line interface of exhaust steam.The end that launches cylinder bushing connects electromagnetic damping retarder seal section, in the electromagnetic damping retarder seal section installation can be closed also can inc enough multiturn coils and coil in iron core is installed.
When launching slip forward under the promotion of ejection piston at high pressure steam, the rear portion of ejection piston is to front slide and open perforate on the bypass cylinder side wall one by one, high pressure steam just enters conduit by side-wall hole, enter into the bypass cylinder by conduit again, promote bypass steam cylinder piston push rod again, push rod promotes the longitudinal opening closure that the slide fastener piece will launch cylinder.
When ejection piston has been finished a sling movement and has been turned back to initial end from the end of ejection travel, with the traction machine traction ejection piston that resets, open the exhaust valve in launching cylinder initial sealing section this moment, will launch the weary steam discharging that also has certain pressure of cylinder internal.The steam pressure that launches cylinder internal drops to " zero ", the steam pressure of bypass cylinder internal also drops to " zero ", the application force of the retracing spring of this moment acts on power on the slide fastener piece greater than the bypass steam cylinder piston, retracing spring makes the slide fastener block reset, and ejection piston also resets and got back to initial ejection seat and prepare to launch next time.
The closed slide fastener of steam-operating of whole piece is installed in launching the closed slide fastener guide groove of cylinder bushing in-to-in steam-operating, this slide fastener just launch the cylinder longitudinal opening above set up one about 100mm and sealed the area.Because the concaveconvex structure between the adjacent slide fastener piece, and the upper and lower honeycomb steam seal of all installing of part of slide fastener piece protrusion, this slide fastener is being exactly to have played a kind of " quiet " sealing function after launching cylinder longitudinal opening sealing, by this slide fastener the overwhelming majority sealing of launching the steam that cylinder outwards reveals from longitudinal opening.If in the concavo-convex maze-type structure of slide fastener piece, do several honeycomb steam seals more, make steam fully step-down in the winding raod footpath, expansion, the generation damping wall attachment effect bleed gap between the slide fastener piece, just can accomplish fully to allow that to spill the exterior steam of slide fastener be " zero ".Thereby reach sealing completely.Closed slide fastener " quiet " packing technique of steam-operating that Here it is.
The cross-sectional plane of the tailgate of ejection piston is made into
The type structure, be made into maze-type structure with the corresponding installation position fit structure that launches cylinder bushing, on the top of the tailgate of ejection piston with on the part of " protruding " honeycomb steam seal is installed to the left and right sides, these are installed in honeycomb steam seal on the ejection piston tailgate and are bundled on the ejection piston and follow ejection piston and move together, because ejection piston is when launching at a high speed, the closing speed of the closed slide fastener of steam-operating lags behind the ejection speed of ejection piston slightly, can be at the rear portion of ejection piston slide plate leaving gap, the honeycomb steam seal on these moving slide plate shuttle tailgates and the tailgate is just with the gap sealing between closed slide fastener of steam-operating and the ejection piston slide plate.Here it is, and honeycomb " moves " packing technique.Like this, under the dual compound seal effect of closed slide fastener static seal technology of steam-operating and honeycomb dynamic sealing technology, the leakage vapour of longitudinal opening that launches cylinder is just by effective closure.
We are considering not pursue 100% sealing effectiveness when the cylinder longitudinal opening carries out leak free for launching, the sealing effectiveness of pursuit 100% just requires " dripping vapour does not leak " accomplished in the sealing of launching the cylinder longitudinal opening, this first is impossible, and it two also is not have this necessity.Sealing to steam catapult can not be accomplished " dripping vapour does not leak ".We pursue 99.5%, 99% or even 98% sealing effectiveness just can fully successfully reach make ejection piston in whole ejection travel to the beginning be purpose to obtaining the aircraft that enough steam pressures launch various models eventually.
After with very big speed airplane catapult being gone out under the promotion of ejection piston at high pressure steam, ejection piston self also remains same kinematic velocity, and the remaining kinetic energy of ejection piston is very big before entering the decelerating phase.In order to reduce this a part of remaining kinetic energy as far as possible, will guarantee that ejection piston has the quality that as far as possible reduces ejection piston under the prerequisite of enough intensity, rigidity.In practical application, can consider to make, because the density of aluminum alloy has only 1/3 of common iron, so when ejection piston had identical residual velocity, its remaining kinetic energy had only with 1/3 of the remaining kinetic energy of the ejection piston of steel making of aluminum alloy.The dump energy that absorbs ejection piston like this makes it to slow down just much easier until stopping.
In the front portion of two ejection pistons permanent magnetism deceleration cone is installed respectively, the permanent magnet of sufficient amount is installed on the deceleration cone, the length of deceleration cone is exactly that ejection piston is slowed down until the retarding travel that stops.The permanent magnet of installing on the deceleration cone will have enough magnetic induction density, and the magnetic induction density of permanent magnet is big more, and closed deceleration coil is also just big more to the resistance of permanent magnet motion.In order to reduce the quality of deceleration cone, the deceleration cone is made into hollow structure, in the above the permanent magnet of mounting arrangements sufficient amount.The axis direction that permanent magnet is installed is vertical with the ejection piston travel direction.
Use so that closing coil and the iron core that ejection piston slows down in the installation of the inside of the deceleration seal section that launches cylinder, according to Lenz law: when external magnetic field near and when causing that passing the magnetic flow in the closing coil increases, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the increase of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.The variation that external magnetic field is revolted in this induced current magnetic field just makes the residual movement speed of ejection piston slow down until stop motion.
When external magnetic field is left and cause that the magnetic flow that passes a closing coil reduces, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the minimizing of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.Above-mentioned closing coil to the effect in external magnetic field can image liken to: " hindering going or staying "! That is to say: external magnetic field is during near closing coil, and closing coil will apply resistance to external magnetic field, and when closing coil is left in external magnetic field, closing coil will apply pulling force to external magnetic field, not allow it leave and do one's utmost " keeping ".
At the end that launches cylinder the closing coil of enough numbers of turn is installed, this coil can closure also can close.When the ejection piston return resets, open K closing coil is disconnected, then this inc coil will can not apply pulling force for ejection piston again, and promoting piston will reset under the situation of resistance not having, and prepares to carry out launching next time.
Above-mentioned situation is exactly to launch cylinder deceleration seal section to utilize dump energy after the electromagnetic damping deceleration effort absorbs the ejection piston sling movement for ejection piston.
After the deceleration seal section that launches cylinder has absorbed the ejection piston energy remaining, the closing coil of deceleration seal section will produce very big induced current, induced current will be emitted heat raises closing coil ambient temperature on every side, can cooling body be installed in launching the deceleration seal section of cylinder and absorb the closing coil liberated heat.It is a lot of to make it the unlikely rising of ambient temperature, maintains in the rational temperature scope.
For steam catapult, to guarantee at first to launch that high-pressure steam pressure in the cylinder is constant removes to promote ejection piston, and make ejection piston have enough thrust to remove cataplane, it is enough from warship speed that aircraft is obtained, and could guarantee the safe and reliable work of steam catapult like this.It is less important to guarantee under the compound seal effect of the static seal effect of the closed slide fastener of steam-operating and honeycomb dynamic seal effect, the steam that launches the leakage of cylinder longitudinal opening is few as best one can, and that part of steam that leaks out can not produce injuries such as scald to personnel on every side.Guaranteeing the safe and reliable action of ejection piston, guaranteeing also to require to have rational, best seal clearance value under closed slide fastener of steam-operating and the honeycomb dynamic seal failure-free leak free prerequisite to reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing, Installation and Debugging.
In a word,, do not pursue 100% sealing effectiveness, and must pursue 100% safe and reliable launch action and be only purpose for steam catapult.
Claims (10)
1. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult launches cylinder by the multistage opening and is formed by connecting with the flange bolt connecting mode and has pair launching cylinder and being installed on the same pedestal of enough ejection travel, two ejection pistons before and after launching separately in the cylinder, slide respectively and drive in the opening that the slide plate shuttle launching cylinder bushing before and after slide, it is characterized in that: the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch, open one by one to front slide under the promotion of high pressure steam with ejection piston and to launch perforate on the cylinder side wall, connect opening and the bypass cylinder that launches on the cylinder side wall with conduit, drive bypass cylinder valve piston with the high pressure steam in the bypass cylinder, valve piston drives the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating and makes it closed, carry out static seal with on the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating honeycomb steam seal being installed, elastic force effect with retracing spring makes the slide fastener block reset, carry out dynamic seal with the honeycomb steam seal of installing on the ejection piston slide plate shuttle tailgate, launch the longitudinal opening of cylinder with closed slide fastener static seal technology of steam-operating and honeycomb dynamic sealing technology compound seal effect sealing, two ejection pistons are respectively at anterior permanent magnetism deceleration cone and the permanent magnet installed of piston, absorb dump energy after the ejection piston sling movement with closing coil for the electromagnetic damping deceleration effort of external moving magnetic field.
2. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult, it is characterized in that: the initial end socket seal section of initial termination that launches cylinder bushing, the end that launches cylinder bushing connects electromagnetic damping retarder seal section, in the electromagnetic damping retarder seal section installation can be closed also can inc enough multiturn coils and coil in iron core is installed.
3. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult is characterized in that: launching processing on the cylinder bushing with so that the closed slide fastener closure of steam-operating, the guide-track groove opened are installed the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating in guide-track groove.
4. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult is characterized in that: the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating is when resetting, and each slide fastener piece can reset under the effect of the elastic force of two retracing springs.
5. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult, it is characterized in that: each of the closed slide fastener of steam-operating is all made the surface that is in contact with one another between the adjacent slide fastener piece and is become the concavo-convex alternate maze-type structure of part, in the upper and lower part of protruding structure honeycomb steam seal is installed.
6. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult is characterized in that: the nylon rubber backing plate is installed to absorb the impact energy when the cylinder longitudinal opening is launched in sealing of the closed slide fastener piece of steam-operating in the bottom of the closed zipper seal groove of the steam-operating of launching cylinder.
7. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult, it is characterized in that: install tailgate additional at ejection piston slide plate shuttle, on the top of slide plate shuttle tailgate, the upper and lower installation honeycomb steam seal of the maze-type structure band of the protrusion of two sides, the honeycomb steam seal band is bundled on the slide plate shuttle tailgate and launches slip jointly with ejection piston.
8. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult, it is characterized in that: the permanent magnetism deceleration cone of installing at the ejection piston front end will adopt the nonferromugnetic material manufacturing, be hollow structure, the enough a plurality of permanent magnets of quantity are installed, permanent magnet axially vertical with the sense of motion of ejection piston on its deceleration cone.
9. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult is characterized in that: be connected with the bypass cylinder in bypass cylinder of rear portion installation of each steam-operating closure slide fastener piece, the bypass perforate that will launch on the cylinder side wall with conduit.
10. the closed slide fastener honeycomb of bypass cylinder steam-operating according to claim 1 dynamic seal steam catapult is characterized in that: ejection piston opens seriatim when launching slip that each launches bypass perforate on the cylinder side wall, the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal one by one enters the bypass cylinder by conduit again and drives valve piston, one by one promotes the longitudinal opening sealing that the slide fastener piece makes it to launch cylinder again.
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| CN103029846A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-10 | 魏伯卿 | Notch sealing device for steam catapult of aircraft carrier |
| CN110498056A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2019-11-26 | 田春生 | Two one, column cylinder seal tape type steam catapults |
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| CN102040007B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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