CN102040007B - Bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with pneumatically closed zipper - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a novel bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with a pneumatically closed zipper for aircraft carriers. The bypass cylinder honeycomb dynamically sealed steam ejector with the pneumatically closed zipper comprises a dual ejection cylinder which has enough ejection route and is formed by connecting a plurality of sections of opened ejection cylinders by using flange bolts, an ejection cylinder piston, a slide-plate spindle stern plate, the pneumatically closed zipper, honeycomb dynamic sealer, an electromagnetic damping speed-reduction device and the like. Due to the adoption of pneumatically closed zipper honeycomb dynamic sealing technology and electromagnetic damping speed-reduction technology, the ejector is simple in structure, reliable in operation, long in service life, high in civilian war service rate, convenient in logistic guarantee and small in maintenance working quality.

Description

Bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult

Affiliated technical field

Bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention relates to a kind of steam catapult, and specialized application is being carried out the occasion of catapult-assisted take-off on aircraft carrier to aircraft.

Background technology

Known aircraft carrier is a kind of large-scale water surface combat vessel that power is very powerful of attacking, and its powerful attack power is relied on airplane carrier fighter, electronic warfare air plane and the AWACS in self.These various aircrafts have sliding jumping up to fly and use two kinds of ejector catapult-assisted take-offs in the mode of carrier-based.Wherein because the body of AWACS own is very large heavy, driving engine is again more fuel-efficient propeller turbine and can not adopt sliding jumping up to fly and can only take the mode of catapult-assisted take-off.At present, countries in the world can manufacture and adopt on aircraft carrier the country of ejector cataplane to only have one of United States Navy.

On aircraft carrier, adopt ejector cataplane to have lot of superiority: heavy airplane can take off, particularly can catapult-assisted take-off AWACS, can be increased in the quantity of the carrier-borne aircraft of deck stop, can save the self-contained fuel oil of carrier-borne aircraft, increase carrier-borne aircraft time of leaving a blank, fighter plane etc. can take off at deck beam wind with windless in the situation that.The aircraft carrier of United States Navy in the practice of the catapult-assisted take-off of hundreds of thousands of time, proved with the mode of taking off of steam catapult cataplane be unusual failure-free.But the steam catapult adopting on United States aircraft carrier but has 3 very large deficiencies:

First, the mode back-off of U.S.'s sealed steam that the steam catapult on aircraft carrier adopts home sealing of " ∩ " type rubber seal strip countercylinder longitudinal opening itself, a part for " ∩ " type sealing rubber strip is filled in the longitudinal opening of cylinder, due to the crank motion of ejector piston, the sealing rubber strip to filling in cylinder longitudinal opening inside that the slide plate of ejector piston just goes round and begins again scratches, compression, the effect of decontroling again, make this part sealing joint strip constantly be subject to the effect of stress of periodic alternation, add the heated baking effect of high pressure steam for this part sealing joint strip, sealing joint strip is very easy to tired, aging, and just have to change afterwards through launching of some number of times.The work capacity that steam catapult is changed sealing joint strip is very large, and this had both wasted a large amount of sealing member materials, had taken again a large amount of maintenance workloads, had reduced the combat duty rate of aircraft carrier.

The second, the rigidity of the cylinder body of the open cylinder on U.S.'s aircraft carrier itself is poor: the steam at airplane catapult process mesohigh enters cylinder, under the effect of high-pressure steam pressure and in ejection process under the double action of the dynamical reaction of ejection piston countercylinder, after taking off of certain number of times launched, the opening aperture of open cylinder will become greatly gradually, and the aperture of cylinder openings becomes large and will make cylinder gas leakage increase later.Maintainer is when countercylinder keeps in repair, first each joint of cylinder to be disassembled, opening aperture to each joint cylinder, the diameter of cylinder carry out careful measurement again, finally those overproof opening aperture parts are eliminated by the method for plastic working again.This above-mentioned a few work is all accurate, meticulous work, and maintenance capacity is also very large.

The speed reduction gearing of what three, the piston retarder of the ejector on U.S.'s aircraft carrier adopted is two water stops cone inserts water stops device, although this speed reduction gearing has been avoided the rigid collision between piston and cylinder body shell, " water slug " between piston and water is inevitable.It is not very " soft " to the deceleration effort of piston.

Summary of the invention

For above-mentioned 3 deficiencies that also will overcome the steam catapult of U.S.'s aircraft carrier, the technical scheme that bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention adopts is:

Bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch, left and right symmetry in a longitudinal direction, be seated on same footing foundation, launch the temperature stress that cylinder can free-extension on its length direction brings to offset het expansion, in cross-sectional direction, there is enough rigidity to guarantee that ejector body does not deform in cataplane.

Open cylinder is placed in open cylinder cover and register, the width of opening, equal in length, multiple open cylinder are applied mechanically to bolted mode to be coupled together and forms a cylinder that launches with sufficient length stroke, ejection piston is placed in open cylinder, connect slide plate shuttle place at ejection piston tailgate is installed, the cross-sectional plane of tailgate is made "

" shape; at the top of tailgate and the sidepiece on both sides, honeycomb steam seal is installed; the cross-sectional plane that tailgate has enough length and tailgate will be made into mazy structure; ejection piston drives the tailgate of slide plate shuttle in mazy channel architecture of cylinder bushing, freely to slide in company with ejection piston; the front end of ejection piston is equipped with permanent magnet deceleration cone, the end of cylinder band install with so that permanent magnet deceleration cone slow down can closure also can inc coil.

Longitudinal direction mutually symmetrical cylinder and and the inner side of the close-fitting cylinder bushing of cylinder on open a series of equidistant aperture, the quantity of aperture is identical with the quantity of slide fastener piece.Distance between Kong Yukong equals the length of slide fastener block, these perforates in the side of cylinder bushing is connected with bypass cylinder with bypass duct.

A set of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper is installed in cylinder bushing slide fastener piece guide groove, the valve piston push rod of each slide fastener block and bypass cylinder is connected, in cataplane under the promotion of ejection piston at high pressure steam, high pressure steam also enters bypass cylinder by bypass duct simultaneously, promote the valve piston of bypass cylinder the inside, valve piston promotes slide fastener piece, steam-operating closed zipper piece is just along with to front slide one by one the follow up closure of ejection piston slide plate shuttle in cylinder bushing opening, this synchronous follow-up, the steam-operating closed zipper slightly lagging behind just will launch the overwhelming majority sealing of the high pressure steam spraying from cylinder openings in cylinder, thereby above the opening of cylinder, set up an actv. sealing area in the external parallel of launching cylinder openings, this sealing area is just sealed the overwhelming majority from launching the steam that cylinder longitudinal opening leaks out.Rather than directly the sealing of countercylinder opening itself.

The closure follow-up speed of this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper slightly lags behind and is synchronized with the sliding velocity of ejection piston slide plate shuttle, thereby leave part gap between steam-operating closed zipper and slide plate shuttle, this gap width will increase along with the increase of ejection piston ejection speed, just has few part gas and lets out from this gap.For the steam that leaks out from this gap is sealed to greatest extent, will ejection piston tailgate shuttle "

" between structure and cylinder bushing, between the top of ejection piston tailgate shuttle and the bottom of steam-operating closed zipper, mazy honeycomb steam seal is installed, when the gas in cylinder is from tailgate shuttle, cylinder bushing opening, when gap between steam-operating closed zipper bottom is flow through, the steam gas of high pressure rotates in honeycomb steam seal, expand, step-down, can in consuming, like this, the multiple wall effect of damping that mazy honeycomb steam seal has just produced a kind of combined action this part at tailgate shuttle, cylinder bushing opening, the gas that between steam-operating closed zipper bottom, stream passes through is just sealed by honeycomb steam seal.Here it is honeycomb steam seal sealing process to steam under state of kinematic motion, is called for short " honeycomb dynamic seal ".

Under the dual sealing functions of steam-operating closed zipper sealing and honeycomb dynamic seal, all will be closed from most steam of discharging in cylinder, only have the steam leakage of hoot to go out, and most steam is all used for promoting ejection piston and go cataplane to go up to the air.

Launch the process of an airplane is about to finish when ejection piston, ejection piston also will move and arrive the end that launches cylinder, in the time that ejection piston moves to the end that launches cylinder, will enter the deceleration seal section of launching cylinder in the anterior permanent magnetism deceleration cone of installing of ejection piston.When the permanent magnet deceleration cone being equipped with when ejection piston front end is inserted the closing coil of deceleration seal section, closing coil will produce a kind of deceleration of motion that hinders resistance that ejection piston moves on and make ejection piston, and the kinetic energy that ejection piston itself has will be absorbed until piston movement stops in electromagnetic retarder.

, when reset traction machine pulls lower beginning return playback, the steam of cylinder internal remainder is entered to condenser and be cooled to condensate water at ejection piston.All slide fastener pieces reset under the pulling of retracing spring of steam-operating closed zipper, at this moment the closing coil of electromagnetic retarder is disconnected and becomes open circuit, the pulling force of the permanent magnet of ejection piston front end when being no longer subject to from closing coil permanent magnet return, then reset to reference position with traction machine traction ejection piston and prepare launching of aircraft next time.

The main points of the technical program are:

This bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch.Opening is launched in the cylinder bushing that cylinder band is pressed into opening, and the mode that the cylinder bushing of more piece is bolted is connected to become the ejector with enough trip distances.Left and right two exhaust casings are longitudinally symmetrical.The enough rigidity of cylinder bushing can guarantee that the aperture of the longitudinal opening of open cylinder changes never.

The technical program is not itself sealing steam catapult cylinder longitudinal opening, but the compound dual sealing functions principle of the dynamic sealing technology that adopts bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper static seal technology and honeycomb steam seal is sealed area together with setting up in the outside of longitudinal opening that is parallel to open cylinder, so just can eliminate and omit the sealing joint strip without steam catapult adopts on U.S.'s active service aircraft carrier.

A permanent magnetism deceleration cone is installed before the ejection piston of this steam catapult, the permanent magnet of mounting arrangements sufficient amount in permanent magnetism deceleration cone, insert in the process of a closed coil in permanent magnetism deceleration cone, according to Lenz law: when external magnetic field approaches and causes when increasing through the magnetic flow of the cross-sectional plane in a closing coil, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the increase of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.When external magnetic field is left and causes when reducing through the magnetic flow of the cross-sectional plane of a closing coil, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the minimizing of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted and make up in the magnetic field of this induced current.Like this, the magnetic field of the induced current that closed coil produces will stop the motion of permanent magnetism cone and ejection piston, until piston is hindered and stopped.In the time that ejection piston return resets, closed coil is disconnected, make it to become inc coil, so in the time of ejection piston return, because coil itself has not been closing coil, also can not produce induced current, also just do not have the magnetic field of induced current.Ejection piston will no longer be subject to the pulling force of coil when return under the tractive of reposition machine.

If the steam catapult of China's aircraft carrier adopts the getable benefit of technical scheme of this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult to be:

This steam catapult ejection propulsion is large, and ejection propulsion can be between 0.7MN to 1.5MN the size of step-less adjustment ejection propulsion, to adapt to light-duty, medium-sized, the heavy carrier-borne aircraft of the various models of normal catapult-assisted take-off, the particularly normally requirement of the very large heavy AWACS of catapult-assisted take-off body.

Can on aircraft carrier deck, save much for the sliding runway area running of aircraft, to stop many fighter planes and other operational aircraft on the deck of aircraft carrier.

Can shorten the time that makes aircraft lift-off, save fighter plane valuable fuel consuming in lift-off process, the time that increases fighter plane combat radius and leave a blank more.

Can arrange the ejector of several different models more, fight to launch many aircraft lift-offs in the shorter time simultaneously.

Can beam wind, windless or even all in the same old way can cataplane under comparatively severe sea situation lift-off fight.

This steam catapult is simple in structure, is easy to manufacture install, and long service life, maintenance is few, and logistics support is convenient strong, and combat duty rate is high.

This steam catapult integral rigidity is good, and not flexible type is safe and reliable, and the aperture of particularly launching the longitudinal opening of cylinder and cylinder bushing changes never, thereby has saved a large amount of maintenance workloads.

Because this steam catapult has eliminated sealing rubber strip, also just save a large amount of replacing maintenance workloads, also save a large amount of sealing members, save the fund that a large amount of leakproofing materials occupy.

Because this steam catapult has eliminated sealing rubber strip, with the service worker quantity of warship trip, can save nearly 450 service worker with respect to the steam catapult of U.S.'s aircraft carrier.That has namely saved the cabin that living space that 450 workmans live is occupied, and has namely saved and provides the living guarantee necessary rear supply for 450 warship persons simultaneously.Improve the afloat endurance of aircraft carrier, reduced the dependence of aircraft carrier for rear supply.

Make the sealing of this ejector more safe and reliable because this ejector has adopted the dual compound seal effect of steam-operating closed zipper static seal technology and honeycomb steam seal dynamic sealing technology, consumable accessory is little.

Due to the device that has adopted electromagnetic damping to slow down to the ejection piston of this steam catapult, can make very " soft ", very steady, the nothing impact of moderating process of ejection piston.

Accompanying drawing explanation

For the technical scheme that can more clearly illustrate that this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult adopts, be described further below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is ejector monnolithic case and major part structural principle schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is ejection piston structure and major part principle schematic.

Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of cell type dynamic seal, and figure is above front view, and figure is below birds-eye view.

Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of steam-operating closed zipper piece for the sealing of open cylinder longitudinal opening.

Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of Fig. 1 at B-B place.In figure, represent that pressure is that the high pressure steam of Po has entered bypass cylinder by bypass manifold and promoted slide fastener piece cylinder openings is sealed.

Fig. 6 is that two rear piston faces of cylinder of launching cylinder are temporarily sealed the perforate of cylinder side wall, and the high pressure steam Po that launches cylinder internal does not also enter bypass duct and bypass cylinder situation schematic diagram.

Fig. 7 be left view represent cylinder bushing labyrinth type " " structure of shape, the principle vapour schematic diagram of slide fastener piece guide barrel construction schematic diagram and ejection piston tailgate closed steam in maze-type structure.

Fig. 8 is that the promotion that ejection piston is subject to the high pressure steam that former moving steam pressure is Po prepares to travel forward and also there is no that moment of setting in motion, i.e. ejection piston initial condition schematic diagram.

Fig. 9 is when two ejection pistons are with ever-increasing speed V to front slide time, and the rear face of cylinder of ejection piston is by the bypass cylinder perforate schematic diagram on inswept cylinder wall one by one.

Figure 10 is the principle schematic that represents honeycomb dynamic seal.In figure, represent that ejection piston is with ever-increasing speed V to front slide time, the tailgate of ejection piston is by the gap closure principle between slide fastener piece and slide plate shuttle.

Figure 11 represents, between bypass cylinder, piston, piston mandril, slide fastener piece, retracing spring, relation principle schematic diagram is installed.

Figure 12 is that high pressure steam does not also enter bypass cylinder, the slide fastener piece principle schematic of the installation of the position in guide groove and buffer rubber gasket again when slide fastener piece does not also seal cylinder openings.

Figure 13 is that pressure is that the high pressure steam of Po enters bypass cylinder and promotes slide fastener piece by the principle schematic of the high pressure steam sealing from cylinder openings ejection.

When Figure 14 is honeycomb steam seal sealed steam, steam rotates expansion decompression principle schematic diagram in packing.

Figure 15 is that electromagnetic damping retarder makes ejection piston deceleration principle schematic.

Figure 16 is ejector piston return reset schematic diagram.

The specific embodiment

In order more to know the technical scheme that at large illustrates that this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult adopts, be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Each several part numeral in Fig. 1: ejector cylinder band 1; Ejector slide plate shuttle 2; Ejector cylinder bushing butt flange 3; Ejector initial sealing section 4; Ejection piston reset towing pad 5; Outer cylinder body fixed bearing 6; Outer cylinder body sliding feet 7; Ejector exhaust hole 8; Ejector electromagnetic deceleration seal section 9; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 10; Connecting panel 11; Bypass cylinder 12; Bypass cylinder is taken over mouth 13; Ejector longitudinal opening 14;

In Fig. 1, can find out: this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch, two cylinders are located on same basis jointly by outer cylinder body fixed bearing 6, outer cylinder body sliding feet 7 that quantity is a lot of.Owing to launching the heat effect of cylinder when work steam, launch cylinder band and will het expansion occur vertically and extend.It is flexible freely vertically that the integral rigidity that support base should guarantee to launch cylinder guarantees to launch cylinder band again.Two cylinders are fixed by outer cylinder body fixed bearing 6 one end, and the outer cylinder body sliding feet 7 that quantity is a lot of supports to launch cylinder band free-extension vertically.

The cylinder that launches of a lot of joints is passed through with butt flange 3, then be connected to become the steam catapult with enough ejection travel by bolted mode.Every two adjacent joints launch its axis of cylinder band and require in theory to overlap, must not the be greater than ± 0.02mm of tolerance of the dead in line degree of every two joint ejector cylinder bodies.Two two axis that launch cylinder band require in theory at space parallel, must not be greater than ± 0.02mm of its parallelism tolerance.Guarantee ejection piston slides forward smoothly and the phenomenon of bite does not occur in the process of whole cataplane like this.

To arrange the pipe joint that launches cylinder and external steam system is installed in the inside of the initial sealing section 4 of ejector, also will arrange the blow-off line interface of installation ejection piston exhaust steam in reset return.

In launching forward under promotion at ejection piston at high pressure steam, two ejection pistons are in two cylinder slides forwards of launching, ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 10 drives connecting panel 11, ejector slide plate shuttle 2 to front slide, and ejection piston just promotes anterior air discharges to reduce the resistance of ejection piston from the longitudinal opening 14 of deflation hole 8 and ejection piston front portion.

In the internal placement of ejector electromagnetic deceleration seal section 9, electromagnetic damping deceleration coil is installed, this electromagnetic damping deceleration coil can closure can be not closed yet, coil closed or not closed is by the closed of a K switch or disconnect and realizing.

Launch launching on cylinder wall of the corresponding inner side of cylinder two rows are installed two, every row installs several bypass cylinders 12, and each bypass cylinder 12 has a bypass cylinder to take over mouthfuls 13.If the ejection travel of ejector is 95.5 meters, if at 8 bypass cylinders of mounting arrangements on cylinder that launch of each meter Chang Du, so twoly launches cylinder mounting arrangements 2 × 764=1528 bypass cylinder and bypass cylinder are taken over mouth altogether.

After launching high pressure steam in cylinder and ejection piston has been completed once launching acting, the haulage cable of reset traction machine just draws ejection piston reset towing pad 5 and ejection piston is got back to initial ejection seat, prepares to launch next time.In the process resetting at reset traction machine traction ejection piston, ejection piston is just discharged to the steam after ejection piston and in condenser, becomes condensate water under the pulling of reset traction machine.

Fig. 2 is ejection piston structural principle schematic diagram.The numeral of each several part in figure: ejector piston 1; Ejection piston tailgate 2; Obturator piston ring 3; Permanent magnet 4; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 5; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 6; Honeycomb steam seal 7; Ejection piston tailgate top honeycomb steam seal 8; Permanent magnetism deceleration cone 9.

In figure, ejection piston 1 is former and later two isodiametric faces of cylinder, and its cylinder nominal diameter is identical with the internal diameter that launches cylinder.In order to guarantee to slide freely at a high speed before and after ejection piston is in cylinder, between ejection piston and cylinder bore, to there is suitable tolerance clearance to coordinate, this gap width is crossed conference and is produced axially leakage vapour, the resistance that gap width is too small can make ejection piston sling movement again time increases, affect ejection piston and can not realize and launching at a high speed, this gap width is comparatively suitable between 0.5～0.7mm.Between the piston face of cylinder and cylinder bore, seal with obturator piston ring 3.The effect of seal ring 3 is exactly to reduce so that avoid launching the high pressure steam string vapour before and after ejection piston in cylinder, guarantees that ejection piston obtains enough steam pressures and carrys out cataplane.

It is ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 5 in the centre on two faces of cylinder of ejection piston, two ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plates 5 are connected with the connecting panel 11 in Fig. 1, connecting panel 11 is connected with ejector slide plate shuttle 2, then cataplane is removed in power output high pressure steam being acted on ejection piston by ejector slide plate shuttle 2.

Connect ejection piston tailgate 2 at the afterbody of ejection piston slide plate shuttle 6, tailgate 2 does a crosscut section at A-A place, the shape in cross section make "

" maze-type structure, this structure to coordinating, is installed honeycomb steam seal 7 with the maze-type structure on cylinder bushing in the outwardly directed part in tailgate both sides.Honeycomb steam seal 8 is installed on top at ejection piston tailgate. Honeycomb steam seal 7,8 be all fixed on ejection piston tailgate and with together sling movement of ejection piston, this has just formed honeycomb dynamic seal.

In order to guarantee the effect of the honeycomb steam seal sealing to high pressure steam under state of kinematic motion on ejection piston tailgate, the length L of tailgate can not be less than 1300mm.

At the front end of ejection piston, permanent magnetism deceleration cone 9 is installed; The permanent magnet 4 of sufficient amount is installed in permanent magnetism deceleration cone.

The structure of the peculiar ejection piston of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention is to be fundamental difference with the ejection piston structure of U.S. aircraft carrier ejector.This fundamental difference point is just: this ejection piston has an ejection piston tail-board structure and the ejection piston of U.S.'s aircraft carrier does not have tailgate; In the front portion deceleration cone of this ejection piston, the permanent magnet of sufficient amount is installed and U.S.'s aircraft carrier ejector ejection piston front portion is exactly that common hollow deceleration cone is installed, permanent magnet is not installed on it.

This structural obvious difference has embodied two of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention and has been different from the most obvious technical characterictic of U.S.'s aircraft carrier ejector: " honeycomb dynamic seal principle " and " electromagnetic damping deceleration principle ".About honeycomb dynamic seal principle also will be afterwards in conjunction with to continuing labor in the analyze of Fig. 3, Fig. 7, Figure 10.Also will be afterwards to continuing labor in the analyze of Figure 15, Figure 16 about electromagnetic damping deceleration principle.

Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of cell type dynamic seal, and figure is above front view, and figure is below birds-eye view.The numeral of each several part in front view: steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 '; Steam-operating closed zipper piece corresponding in birds-eye view is 1,2,3,4; Ejection piston tailgate 5; Gap 6 between slide fastener piece and ejection piston slide plate; Ejection piston slide plate 7; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle bent plate 8; Open cylinder longitudinal opening 9.

In the birds-eye view of Fig. 3, when ejection piston slide plate is with a certain high-speed V forward when sling movement, between ejection piston slide plate and steam-operating closed zipper are fast, just leave gap 6, the value in this gap 6 increases along with the continuous increase of ejection piston ejection speed V, and the gap 6 between ejection piston slide plate 7 and steam-operating closed zipper piece is that the length of three steam-operating closed zipper pieces is adding a little at this moment.Slide block 1 in birds-eye view has all sealed cylinder openings.Slide block 2 has sealed 3/4 by cylinder openings, and slide block 3 has sealed 1/2 by cylinder openings, and slide block 4 has sealed 1/4 by cylinder openings.In the front view of Fig. 3, gap 6 is by 5 shutoff of ejection piston tailgate.Pressure is that original steam pressure decreased after the honeycomb steam seal at ejection piston tailgate 5 tops of Po is P1, and leakage vapour is herein very little.Slide plate shuttle tailgate 5 is herein for also describing in detail in the sealing process in gap 6 Figure 10 afterwards.

Fig. 4 is the principle schematic of steam-operating closed zipper piece for the sealing of open cylinder longitudinal opening.This Fig. 4 is also the part sectional view of Figure 11 at C-C place.The namely static seal principle of steam-operating closed zipper of the sealing principle of steam-operating closed zipper countercylinder longitudinal opening, this is also a large technical characterictic of steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention.

Each part numeral in Fig. 4: middle steam-operating closed zipper piece 4; Left side steam-operating closed zipper piece 1; The right steam-operating closed zipper piece 5; Honeycomb steam seal 2,3.

What in Fig. 4, represent is a whole piece steam-operating closed zipper, because a steam-operating closed zipper is made up of 764 slide fastener pieces, can only draw herein 3 mutual installation relations that illustrate between slide fastener piece.

In Fig. 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 1 and 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 4 and 5, the surface that they mutually combine is all made into concavo-convex alternate labyrinth-like structure, on the part upper surface protruding at slide fastener piece, honeycomb steam seal 3 is installed, on the lower surface of the part of protruding at slide fastener piece, honeycomb steam seal 2 is installed.The overwhelming majority that escapes to the gas of cylinder outside from launching cylinder longitudinal opening so is just sealed by this steam-operating closed zipper.Few part steam enters slide fastener piece 1 and 4, among the gap between slide fastener piece 4 and 5, and in this mazy concaveconvex structure, expands, reduces pressure.Turbulization effect when honeycomb steam seal makes steam steam flow through cellular band, increases steam flow shock damping action, simultaneously because the special construction of honeycomb steam seal band also produces the functions such as adsorption effect, and frictional resistance sealing simultaneously, reaches good sealing effectiveness.This concavo-convex maze-type structure makes the steam rotation of flowing through therein, the steam of rotation produces a kind of wall attachment effect, this wall attachment effect makes steam mobile in maze-type structure be subject to very large resistance to flow, the effect of this combined action just makes the pressure P 1 of the gas that drains to cylinder outside be far smaller than the pressure P o of original steam, thereby makes steam-operating closed zipper play the static seal effect for high pressure steam.If this concavo-convex maze-type structure is done to several more, the honeycomb steam seal of sufficient length is installed in the above, be to allow the steam that enters gap between slide fastener piece have the path of sufficient length to reduce pressure, expand, just can accomplish to make P1=0 completely.Vapour is leaked in sealing completely.

We are not to pursue 100% sealing effectiveness in consideration for launching in cylinder longitudinal opening seals, the sealing effectiveness of pursuit 100% namely requires the sealing to launching cylinder longitudinal opening to accomplish " dripping vapour does not leak ", this first is impossible, and it two is also there is no this necessity.Can not accomplish " dripping vapour does not leak " to the sealing of steam catapult.We pursue 99.5%, 99% or even 98% sealing effectiveness just can completely successfully reach that to make ejection piston be object to beginning to obtaining eventually the aircraft that enough steam pressures launch various models in whole ejection travel.And if be really to have occurred that 0.5%～2% high pressure steam leaks, we will reserve the surplus of a part in order to leak in considering high pressure steam admission so, for example: in normal cataplane, need to enter the high pressure steam that launches cylinder 3.6Mpa, and now will add larger pressure, as admission pressure is elected 3.8MPa as, reserve the steam pressure of that 3.6MPa that surplus that a part leaks guarantee cataplane time institute must assurance with this.

If just must improve the precision of processing and manufacturing as pursued 100% sealing effectiveness, this has namely improved the difficulty of installation, debugging simultaneously, and this loses more than gain.Launching the time of a sortie aircraft only had about 3 seconds, permitted suitable leakage part steam at the so of short duration time content that launches, but brought suitable processing and manufacturing precision, brought that relatively easy to reach is installed, adjustment accuracy, this in the use, at ordinary times to all calculating in the maintenance of steam catapult.

Each several part numeral in Fig. 5: steam-operating closed zipper piece 1; Ejector longitudinal opening 2; Bypass cylinder piston mandril 3; Bypass cylinder 4; Bypass cylinder connecting duct 5; Connecting panel 6; Aircraft carrier deck 7; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 8; Perforate 9 on cylinder side wall is launched on the right side; Perforate 10 on cylinder side wall is launched on a left side.

Fig. 5 is the cutaway view of Fig. 1 at B-B place, represent: when ejection piston is to front slide time, the face of cylinder at the rear portion of two ejection pistons is scanned and opened the perforate 9 and 10 on cylinder side wall respectively, launch the high pressure steam Po of cylinder internal by the perforate 9 on sidewall, perforate 10, enter bypass cylinder 4 from bypass cylinder connecting duct 5 again, the high pressure steam Po of bypass cylinder inside promotes bypass cylinder piston, bypass cylinder piston promotes piston mandril 3, piston mandril 3 promotes steam-operating closed zipper piece 1, steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 seals ejector longitudinal opening 2.The original steam pressure that launches cylinder internal is Po, and the steam pressure that enters bypass cylinder inside is also Po.Can make steam pressure produce small decline at the inner Choking phenomenon producing of connecting duct 5, ignore at this.

Each several part numeral in Fig. 6: two sole plates 1 that launch cylinder; Launch cylinder 2; Launch cylinder bushing 3; Steam-operating closed zipper piece 4; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 5; Bypass cylinder 6; Connecting panel 7; Ejector slide plate shuttle 8; Bypass cylinder conduit 9; Bypass cylinder piston mandril 10; Ejection piston 11.

In Fig. 6, represent: two rear piston faces of cylinder of launching cylinder are temporarily sealed the perforate of cylinder side wall, launch the situation that the high pressure steam Po of cylinder internal does not also enter bypass cylinder, under this situation, bypass cylinder inside does not also enter high pressure steam, the valve piston of bypass cylinder inside does not still obtain high pressure steam yet, thereby steam-operating closed zipper piece is not also all also by the longitudinal opening sealing of open cylinder.

Each several part numeral in Fig. 7: launch cylinder 1; Launch cylinder bushing 2; Slide plate side honeycomb steam seal 3; On left skateboard shuttle tailgate "

" honeycomb steam seal 4 on the left side of installing in the structure of shape; Cylinder bushing labyrinth type guide groove 5; Slide plate shuttle tailgate 6; Honeycomb steam seal 7 on right slide plate shuttle tailgate; Steam-operating closed zipper piece is installed slideway 8; On cylinder bushing, coordinate with slide plate shuttle tailgate "

" shape maze-type structure 9.

In Fig. 7, left view be represent cylinder bushing labyrinth type "

" structural representation of shape and steam-operating closed zipper install slideway schematic diagram, the installation matching relationship between honeycomb steam seal and cylinder bushing labyrinth type guide groove that wherein the partial enlarged drawing on the right represents to install on slide plate shuttle tailgate.Wherein steam-operating closed zipper piece installation slideway 8 is exactly the installation site that steam-operating closed zipper is installed.

In the partial enlarged view of Fig. 7, on slide plate shuttle tailgate 6 and cylinder bushing, between maze-type structure 9, form arranged on left and right sides labyrinth gap, in tortuous rising in the gap of the high pressure steam Po in cylinder in both sides, high pressure steam can in rotating in honeycomb steam seal, expand and consuming, a kind of wall attachment effect that the steam of disorderly rotation produces on the wall of maze-type structure makes high pressure steam has mobilely produced great obstruction, this just makes the pressure P 1 of the steam letting out be far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, is to produce very small steam leakage.This P1 value that we expect is exactly 0.5～1%Po.The principle of slide plate shuttle tailgate dynamic seal that Here it is.The sealing function principle of slide plate shuttle tailgate to the steam flowing through in the gap of both sides that Here it is.

Each several part numeral in Fig. 8: launch the opening 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 on cylinder side wall; Steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 '; Slide plate shuttle tailgate 8; Ejector piston 9; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 10; Slide plate shuttle 11; Second bypass cylinder connecting duct 12; Slide plate shuttle 13 in birds-eye view in longitudinal opening; Longitudinal opening 14; Treat closed slide fastener piece 15; First bypass cylinder connecting duct 16.

Under the promotion of the high pressure steam that ejection piston 9 is Po at former moving steam pressure in Fig. 8, prepare to front slide, the moment shown in figure is that moment that ejection piston does not also have setting in motion.Ejection piston rear portion is " d " to the distance of first cylinder perforate 1, and the length of steam-operating closed zipper piece all equates, is all " d ".Like this when ejection piston just perforate 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 on inswept ejector cylinder sidewall successively to front slide time ... the rear portion of corresponding ejection piston also just successively opened the perforate 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 of launching on cylinder side wall ...High pressure steam P o just enters connecting duct 12,16 ... enter again bypass cylinder 19, high pressure steam promotes bypass cylinder piston 17 again, piston 17 drives piston rod 18, piston rod 18 promote again steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 ' ... just longitudinal opening 14 is sealed one by one of these steam-operating closed zipper pieces.

If: the width of setting the longitudinal opening 14 that launches cylinder is 30mm, and the outside dimension of setting steam-operating closed zipper piece is: thickness 60 × width 100 × length 125mm, the Theoretical Mass of each slide fastener piece is exactly so: 5.8875Kg.The diameter of setting bypass cylinder valve piston is: ￠ 45mm, the area of valve piston is exactly so: 1589.625mm ².Set the steam pressure Po=3.6MPa that promotes ejection piston, so, the steam pressure acting on bypass cylinder valve piston is also Po=3.6MPa, and the propelling thrust of vapor action on valve piston is so: 5722.65 newton.The valve piston of bypass cylinder promotes the motion of steam-operating closed zipper piece and goes longitudinal opening 14 closures, and the acceleration/accel of generation is: 972 meter per seconds ², steam-operating closed zipper piece seals the time used and is launching cylinder longitudinal opening 14: 0.00785 second.This closed time is very efficiently swift.

The length L of slide plate shuttle tailgate is not less than 1300mm as calculated.The height H of slide plate shuttle tailgate is not less than 100mm.

The numeral of each several part in Fig. 9: ejection piston 1; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 2; Bypass cylinder perforate 3 on cylinder wall; Launch cylinder 4; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 5.

In Fig. 9, when two ejection pistons with certain speed V to front slide time, the rear portion of ejection piston is by the bypass cylinder perforate on inswept cylinder wall one by one, the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal just will enter bypass cylinder again by cylinder perforate, bypass cylinder conduit, and the bypass cylinder valve piston of bypass cylinder inside just will promote steam-operating closed zipper piece by the longitudinal opening sealing of cylinder.

In Figure 10, represent the principle schematic of honeycomb dynamic seal.Figure on Figure 10 is front view, and figure is below birds-eye view.Each several part numeral: in front view, steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 '; Corresponding steam-operating closed zipper piece in birds-eye view is 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; Slide plate shuttle bent plate 10; Ejector slide plate shuttle 11; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 12; Slide plate shuttle tailgate 13; Gap 14 between steam-operating closed zipper piece and slide plate shuttle; Ejector piston 15.

In the birds-eye view of Figure 10, the sealing that steam-operating closed zipper piece 1,2,3,4,5,6 has completed longitudinal opening, and slide fastener piece 7,8,9 does not also complete the sealing of countercylinder longitudinal opening completely, wherein slide fastener piece 7 has completed 3/4 sealing to launching cylinder longitudinal opening 12, slide fastener piece 8 has completed 1/2 sealing, and slide fastener piece 9 has only completed 1/4 sealing.Thereby leave gap 14 to front slide owing to launching slide plate shuttle at a high speed with certain speed V.This gap 14 is to be made up of the length of 4 slide fastener pieces nearly.The length of 4 slide fastener pieces is 500mm.In Figure 10, this represented gap width is approximately 465mm.And the sealing in this gap 14 is realized by the honeycomb steam seal on ejection piston tailgate.

The size of the gap width in the gap 14 in Figure 10 between steam-operating closed zipper piece and slide plate shuttle is relevant with the speed of ejection piston sling movement, and it is to increase along with the increase of ejection piston ejection speed.

When being set in the carrier-borne aircraft that launches certain model, the initial pressure that enters the high pressure steam that launches cylinder-pushed ejection piston is: Po=3.6MPa, the quality of the aircraft being launched is: M=35000Kg, while launching this aircraft, the acceleration/accel of uniformly accelerated motion is: a=33.5 meter per second ², the aircraft being launched from the speed of warship is: V=80 meter per second, ejection travel is: S=95.5 rice.

Below by the numeral of a form, the once size of this gap width 14 and the relation of ejection piston kinematic velocity are described;

Can find out the position relationship of the kinematic velocity of ejection piston and each point of whole ejection travel by the numeral of this form:

Also can find out the speed of sling movement and the position relationship of slide fastener piece of ejection piston by the numeral of this form:

Table 1:

Kinematic velocity V	V 1＝10m/s	V 2＝15.9m/s	V 3＝25m/s	V 4＝30m/s
					Movement position S	S 1＝1.493m	S 2＝3.783m	S 3＝9.328m	S 4＝13.43m
Slide fastener piece position	11.944	30.264	74.624	107.44
					Maximum clearance value	0.00mm	124.82mm	196.25mm	235.5mm

Table 2:

V 5＝35m/s	V 6＝40m/s	V 7＝45m/s	V 8＝50m/s	V 9＝55m/s
					S 5＝18.28m	S 6＝23.88m	S 7＝30.22m	S 8＝37.31m	S 9＝45.15m
146.24	191.04	241.76	298.48	361.2
					274.75mm	314.00mm	353.25mm	392.50mm	431.75mm

Table 3:

V 10＝60m/s	V 11＝65m/s	V 12＝70m/s	V 13＝75m/s	V 14＝80m/s
					S 10＝53.73m	S 11＝63.06m	S 12＝73.13m	S 13＝83.96m	S 14＝95.49m
429.84	504.48	585.04	671.68	763.92
					471.00mm	510.25mm	549.50mm	588.75mm	628.00mm

Ejection piston is in whole ejection travel, kinematic velocity is that this location point of 15.9m/s is a particular point: in the time that the speed of ejection piston sling movement has just started from sling movement, speed is " zero ", reaching kinematic velocity is in this period of time of 15.9m/s, the speed when speed of steam-operating closed zipper piece closure is greater than ejection piston and slips over slide fastener piece, during this period of time also between steam-operating closed zipper piece and ejection piston slide plate, do not form gap, this section of time internal clearance value 14 is " zero ".In the time that the sling movement speed of ejection piston just in time reaches 15.9m/s, slipping over slide fastener piece 125mm length time used and steam-operating closed zipper piece at this moment ejection piston seals the time used and equates launching cylinder longitudinal opening, be all 0.00785 second, will occur at this very moment the gap width that 125mm so grows.After having crossed this location point, the ejection speed of ejection piston is increasing, and the gap width in the gap 14 between steam-operating closed zipper piece and slide plate shuttle is also increasing, and the speed that the size of this gap width 14 is launched to ejection piston is directly proportional.In the moment closing to an end in sling movement, ejection piston ejection speed reaches 80m/s, and gap width 14 at this very moment also reaches maxim 628mm.For the tailgate that makes ejection piston also can seal effectively to this maximum gap width 628mm, just require the tailgate of ejection piston to there is enough length.In design, consider the length L=1300mm of tailgate, consider exactly after having sealed the gap length of 628mm, ejection piston tailgate also has the sealing length of 1300mm-628mm=672mm.This length just can complete the sealing process to launching the steam of cylinder internal from longitudinal opening to outward leakage completely.The length of Here it is tailgate can not be lower than the foundation of 1300mm.

The value of the height h of ejection piston tailgate can not be lower than 100mm, consider exactly can arrange on the height of this 100mm install mazy "

" shape and structure, the path that makes honeycomb steam seal have sufficient length is sealed from launching the existing steam to outward leakage of cylinder internal.The height h value of Here it is ejection piston tailgate can not be lower than the foundation of 100mm.

There are three channels at the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal to outward leakage through this gap 14: under the gap in the gap 14 between steam-operating closed zipper piece and slide plate shuttle, the namely both sides of slide plate shuttle tailgate a: left side, right two channels; Gap between top and the ground of steam-operating closed zipper piece that the 3rd channel is exactly slide plate shuttle tailgate, this gap width is less, and steam is just more difficult from this channel to outward leakage.Too small gap width will cause processing and manufacturing, Installation and Debugging to increase difficulty.So this gap width requires suitably, gap width is comparatively suitable at 0.6～0.8mm.

The principle that the steam leakage producing in the gap of slide plate shuttle tailgate both sides is closed can be seen the partial enlarged view of Fig. 7.

In the partial enlarged view of Fig. 7, on slide plate shuttle tailgate 6 and cylinder bushing, between maze-type structure 9, form left, right both sides labyrinth gap, in tortuous rising in the gap of the high pressure steam Po in cylinder in both sides, high pressure steam rotates in the honeycomb steam seal of slide plate shuttle tailgate both sides, expand and consume interior energy, a kind of wall attachment effect that the steam of disorderly rotation produces on the wall of maze-type structure makes high pressure steam has mobilely produced great obstruction, this just makes the pressure P 1 of the steam letting out be far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, be to produce very small steam leakage.The principle of slide plate shuttle tailgate dynamic seal that Here it is.This is the sealing principle in the gap of slide plate shuttle tailgate to both sides.From the partial enlarged view of this Fig. 7, can find out: the channel of these two leakages has been fallen to sealing by the honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate!

The steam of revealing through this gap 14 at the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal also has a channel to be exactly: the long and narrow gap between top and the steam-operating closed zipper piece bottom surface of slide plate shuttle tailgate, arrive gap 14.In flowing through from left to right in the gap of the high pressure steam Po in cylinder between slide plate shuttle tailgate top and steam-operating closed zipper piece bottom surface, high pressure steam can in rotating in the honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate top, expand and consuming, a kind of wall attachment effect that the steam of disorderly rotation produces below steam-operating closed zipper block structured makes high pressure steam has mobilely produced great obstruction, this just makes the pressure P 1 of the steam letting out be far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, is to produce very small steam leakage.

For steam catapult, can not guarantee the absolute sealing effectiveness of slide fastener static seal and honeycomb dynamic seal: require to accomplish " dripping vapour does not leak ", and just can guarantee steam catapult failure-free cataplane as long as the most steam of assurance does not leak.In quantity: 100% high pressure steam, there is 98% or 99%～99.5% high pressure steam to go that to remove cataplane be the task of launching that can successfully complete completely for promoting ejection piston, be also normal.Steam catapult on U.S.'s aircraft carrier is also to have a lot of steam leakages out in the process of cataplane, and ejector is normally worked in the same old way.

The channel that above-mentioned three high pressure steams leak is all sealed by the honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate both sides and top.Because slide plate shuttle tailgate and ejection piston bind together a motion, honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate completes under ejection piston state of kinematic motion the sealing function of high pressure steam, Here it is Honeycomb steam seal motion sealing principle, is called for short: " honeycomb dynamic seal principle ".

In Figure 11, each several part numeral in figure: steam-operating closed zipper piece 1,2,3,4,5; Slide fastener block reset spring 6; Bypass cylinder 7; Bypass cylinder piston mandril 8; Bypass cylinder piston 9.

What Figure 11 represented is a part for a bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper, and each slide fastener piece can reset under two action of reset spring after it.After each slide fastener piece, a bypass cylinder is installed, the piston mandril of bypass cylinder withstands on slide fastener piece tightly.The steam-operating closed zipper piece that the steam-operating closed zipper of whole piece is arranged in Fig. 7 left view is installed in slideway 8.Consider if fill 8 bypass cylinders by every meter ampere on the length direction that launches cylinder, the ejection travel of steam catapult is by 95.5 meters of considerations, the quantity that steam catapult will be installed bypass cylinder altogether so approximately: 2 × 8 × 95.5=1528.After high pressure steam Po enters bypass cylinder 7, in the whole piston area of high pressure steam on bypass cylinder piston 9, produce pressure, this pressure promotes slide fastener piece by piston mandril, and slide fastener piece seals launching cylinder longitudinal opening 12 again.In the front view of the top of Figure 10, steam-operating closed zipper piece 1 ', 2 ', 3 ', 4 ', 5 ', 6 ', 7 ', 8 ', 9 ' etc. expression be exactly this bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper, the overwhelming majority sealing from launching the high pressure steam that cylinder longitudinal opening leaks out.After ejection process finishes, high pressure steam Po disappears, and slide fastener piece is reset under the pulling of two retracing springs just.

In Figure 11, do a C-C semi-sictional view at this steam-operating closed zipper on the position of slide fastener piece 3, this C-C part sectional view is exactly the content shown in Fig. 4.In Fig. 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 1 and 4, adjacent slide fastener fast 4 and 5, the surface that they mutually combine is all made into concavo-convex alternate labyrinth-like structure, in the part upper and lower surface of protruding at slide fastener piece, honeycomb steam seal all to be installed, the gas that escapes to cylinder outside from cylinder openings so just will rotate this mazy concaveconvex structure, expand, decompression, this concavo-convex maze-type structure makes the steam rotation of flowing through therein become disorderly steam flow, the steam that disorderly rotation is expanded produces a kind of wall attachment effect, this wall attachment effect makes steam mobile in maze-type structure be subject to very large resistance to flow, the effect of this combined action just makes the pressure P 1 of the gas that drains to cylinder outside be far smaller than the pressure P o of original steam, thereby make steam-operating closed zipper play the static seal effect for high pressure steam.

This steam-operating closed zipper to high pressure steam produce sealing function be exactly steam-operating closed zipper " static seal principle ", add honeycomb steam seal on slide plate shuttle tailgate " the dynamic seal principle " to high pressure steam, the dual sealing functions of these two kinds of sealing principles just can seal up the steam leaking out from launching cylinder longitudinal opening completely, makes the pressure P 1 of the steam leaking out be far smaller than the initial pressure Po of steam.If what the steam pressure P1 that generation is leaked herein did well can be so that the value of P1 be very little.Even can reach sealing completely.

Each several part numeral in Figure 12: launch cylinder bushing 1; Launch cylinder 2; Bypass cylinder piston 3; Bypass cylinder piston mandril 4; Bypass cylinder 5; Steam-operating closed zipper piece 6; Steam-operating closed zipper piece sealing guide groove 7; Buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8; The maze-type structure 9 coordinating with slide plate shuttle tailgate; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 10; Steam-operating closed zipper piece is installed slideway 11.

What Figure 12 represented is that ejection piston is not also opened the bypass cylinder perforate on cylinder side wall, high pressure steam does not also enter the situation of bypass cylinder 5, now steam-operating closed zipper piece 6 all lies in and installs in slideway 11, not yet completes the sealing to launching cylinder longitudinal opening 10.The head of slide fastener piece is processed into chamfering, and the object that is processed into chamfering is to make slide fastener piece successfully enter sealing guide groove 7.Slide fastener block reset spring is now held slide fastener piece, makes it to seal launching cylinder longitudinal opening 10.In the bottom of steam-operating closed zipper piece sealing guide groove 7, buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8 is installed, this buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8 can absorb steam-operating closed zipper piece 6 high speed sealing under the promotion of bypass cylinder internal high pressure steam and launch the impact energy of in cylinder longitudinal opening 10, confined bed trench bottom being brought.As calculated: the acceleration/accel of this steam-operating closed zipper piece sealing cylinder longitudinal opening can reach 972 meter per seconds ².The time of sealing longitudinal opening 10 is 0.00785 second.This impact energy is still very large.Impact in order to guarantee that steam-operating closed zipper build portion does not produce the just necessary buffering nylon rubber backing plate 8 of installing of distortion causing.

Each several part numeral in Figure 13: launch cylinder bushing 1; Launch cylinder 2; Bypass cylinder piston 3; Bypass cylinder piston mandril 4; Bypass cylinder 5; Buffering nylon rubber backing plate 6; Steam-operating closed zipper piece 7; The maze-type structure 8 coordinating with slide plate shuttle tailgate; Launch cylinder longitudinal opening 9.

In Figure 13, represent: open the bypass cylinder perforate on cylinder side wall at the rear portion of ejection piston, the Po high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal is entered bypass cylinder conduit, is entered bypass cylinder 5 through cylinder conduit again by the bypass cylinder perforate on sidewall, pressure is that the high pressure steam of Po promotes piston 3 in bypass cylinder inside, promote piston mandril 4, push rod 4 promotes steam-operating closed zipper piece 7 again and will launch cylinder longitudinal opening 9 and seal again.The slide fastener piece 7 of high speed impact closure will cushion 6 crimps of nylon rubber backing plate, and the nylon rubber backing plate 6 after distortion is tightly embraced the chamfered part of steam-operating closed zipper piece 7, and sealing very tight makes can not leak in high pressure steam gap herein.In the inside of launching cylinder longitudinal opening 9, the thrust that high pressure steam Po produces upwards steam-operating closed zipper piece 7, this thrust is installed in the slide fastener piece that slide fastener piece installs in guide groove and possum belly and stops, Here it is to from launching " the static seal action principle " of cylinder longitudinal opening to the high pressure steam of outward leakage.

Each several part numeral in Figure 14: end tooth packing 1; Honeycomb steam seal end tooth 2; Maze-type structure body 3.

In the time that the steam that initial pressure is Po flows through from the gap between honeycomb steam seal and maze-type structure body, in the time of stream process end tooth 1, because steam flow right-hand side space is large, the inevitable edge run-out to the right of steam flow enters the region that honeycomb steam seal 2 surrounds, and vapor stream will rotate, and expand, reduces in first honeycomb steam seal structural area can in pressure, consumption; So again through energy in the secondary rotation again of second cell, expansion, reduction pressure, consumption.So analogize the gas pressure P 1 constantly going in the time that steam flows out maze-type structure and be far smaller than initial steam pressure Po, thereby reached the object sealing.

The sealing principle of labyrinth gland is to expand to consume steam flow power generation damping by multi-level throttle, turbulization effect when Honeycomb Steam seal is air-flow process cellular band, increase air-flow shock damping action, simultaneously because the special construction of cellular band also produces adsorption effect simultaneously, and the function such as frictional resistance sealing, reach good sealing effectiveness.1 throttling sealing effectiveness of end tooth in Figure 14, and air-flow enters cell after reducing pressure by regulating flow, further strengthen sealing effectiveness, two kinds of packing technique integrated applications, play best effect, in the time that steam bleeds cellular band, in each honeycomb chamber, can produce steam eddy current and barrier, thereby there is very large damping, steam leakage is reduced.

Its sealing mechanism is to be expanded and produced damping and reach and reduce the object of refrigerant leakage by multi-level throttle, turbulization effect when Honeycomb Steam seal is air-flow process cellular band, increase air-flow shock damping action, simultaneously because the special construction of cellular band also produces adsorption effect simultaneously, and the function such as frictional resistance sealing, reach good sealing effectiveness.

Because the spillage of steam is directly proportional to labyrinth clearance value h, gap width h increases just will inevitably cause leaking vapour increase, in erection work actually, this gap width can not be too little, gap width h too young pathbreaker increases design, manufacture view difficulty, and cost strengthens, and also will cause Installation and Debugging difficulty.Suitably this gap width of adjustment h can obtain the optimum efficiency of the aspects such as best sealing, processing, manufacture, Installation and Debugging.Taking multistage honeycomb steam seal structure can make even leak vapour is " zero ", i.e. P1=0.

Each several part numeral in Figure 15: the permanent magnet 1 in permanent magnetism deceleration cone; Electromagnetic damping deceleration closing coil 2; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 3; Ejection piston 4.

Each several part numeral in Figure 16: the permanent magnet 1 in permanent magnetism deceleration cone; The electromagnetic damping non-closing coil 2 that slows down; Ejection piston slide plate shuttle 3; Ejection piston 4.

At Figure 15, in 16, can find out: in the time that ejection piston has completed ejection travel and enters braking section, the anterior permanent magnetism deceleration cone of installing of ejection piston is just inserted closing coil 2 by the speed V with certain, and the permanent magnet of installing in deceleration cone also just will enter closed coil 2.A permanent magnetism deceleration cone is installed before the piston of this ejector cylinder, the permanent magnet of mounting arrangements sufficient amount in permanent magnetism deceleration cone, insert in the process of a closed coil in permanent magnetism deceleration cone, according to Lenz law: when external magnetic field approaches and causes when increasing through the magnetic flow in a closing coil, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the increase of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.Leave and cause when reducing through the magnetic flow of a closing coil when external magnetic field, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the minimizing of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.The magnetic field of the induced current that closed coil produces will stop the motion of permanent magnetism cone and ejection piston, and this resistance is exactly F, until piston is hindered and stopped.

In the time that resetting, ejection piston return opens K switch, disconnect by closed coil, make it to become inc coil, so at ejection piston at reset traction machine with certain speed V return time, because coil itself has not been closing coil, can not produce induced current, just not have the magnetic field of induced current yet yet.Ejection piston will no longer be subject to the pulling force of coil when return under the tractive of reposition machine.

By finding out the analytic explanation of above-mentioned accompanying drawing: bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention is to launch cylinder by multistage, form by the bolted mode of flange one has the ejector of the double-cylinder structure of enough strokes again, ejection piston slides and removes cataplane before and after launching the shuttle that in cylinder, slide on drive deck in front and back freely, together with setting up in the outside of longitudinal opening of launching cylinder with the dual sealing functions of steam-operating closed zipper static seal technology and honeycomb steam seal dynamic sealing technology, seal itself sealing of area rather than countercylinder opening, absorb the dump energy of ejection piston with electromagnetic damping retarder, the most basic technical characterictic of Here it is bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult of the present invention.It is relatively simple, easy to manufacture that like this two launch cylinder structure, shared installation volume is installed on aircraft carrier also little, and maintenance workload is few on ordinary days, and combat duty rate is high, long service life.

A kind of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult launches cylinder flange bolt connecting mode by multistage opening and is formed by connecting, launch cylinder and be pressed into and launch in cylinder bushing, launch cylinder and launch the register of cylinder bushing, length and the width of opening equates.Must guarantee that by the bolted mode of flange each section launches can not the be greater than ± 0.02mm of coaxiality error in the axle center of cylinder.Twoly launch cylinder and be arranged on same pedestal, can not be greater than ± 0.02mm of the parallelism error of two biaxials that launch cylinder.Two ejection pistons before and after launching separately in cylinder, slides respectively and drive slide plate shuttle launching in the opening of cylinder bushing before and after slip.In order to guarantee freely to slide before and after ejection piston is in cylinder bushing, ejection piston and launch tolerance clearance tolerance between cylinder inner wall to be limited to 0.5～0.7mm comparatively suitable.Seal ring on ejection piston relies on the outside tensile force of self to be pressed in tightly on the inwall that launches cylinder.

The employing of bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper steam catapult is two launches cylinder structure, and is together located on a base.Such structure makes to launch cylinder and can guarantee to launch cylinder and can not produce excessive distortion longitudinally, laterally all having good rigidity.Multistage launches after cylinder bushing flange bolt connecting mode links into an integrated entity and is jointly seated on same base, and can on base, slide by expanded by heating, and base has increased the integral rigidity that launches cylinder.

Launch the initial end socket seal section of initial termination of cylinder bushing, at the inside of initial end socket seal section installation high-voltage steam admission pipe entrance, ejection process also will be installed finish time in the time that ejection piston resets the blow-off line interface of exhaust steam.The end that launches cylinder bushing connects electromagnetic damping retarder seal section, in electromagnetic damping retarder seal section installation can be closed also can inc enough multiturn coils and coil in iron core is installed.

In launching slip forward under the promotion of ejection piston at high pressure steam, the rear portion of ejection piston is to front slide and open one by one perforate on bypass cylinder sidewall, high pressure steam just enters conduit by side-wall hole, enter into bypass cylinder by conduit again, promote bypass cylinder piston mandril, push rod promotes slide fastener piece and will launch the longitudinal opening closure of cylinder again.

In the time that ejection piston has completed a sling movement and has turned back to initial end from the end of ejection travel, with reset traction machine traction ejection piston, now open at the exhaust valve launching in cylinder initial sealing section, will launch the weary steam discharging that also has certain pressure of cylinder internal.The steam pressure that launches cylinder internal drops to " zero ", the steam pressure of bypass cylinder inside also drops to " zero ", the application force of retracing spring is now greater than the power of bypass cylinder piston action on slide fastener piece, retracing spring makes slide fastener block reset, and ejection piston also resets and got back to initial ejection seat and prepare to launch next time.

The steam-operating closed zipper of whole piece is installed in the steam-operating closed zipper guide groove that launches cylinder bushing inside, this slide fastener just launch cylinder longitudinal opening above about 100mm set up a sealing area.Due to the concaveconvex structure between adjacent slide fastener piece, and the upper and lower honeycomb steam seal of all installing of part of slide fastener piece protrusion, this slide fastener, having played a kind of " quiet " sealing function after launching the sealing of cylinder longitudinal opening being exactly, is sealed the overwhelming majority of launching the steam of cylinder from longitudinal opening to outward leakage by this slide fastener.If do several honeycomb steam seals in the concavo-convex maze-type structure of slide fastener piece more, the steam fully step-down, expansion, the generation damping wall attachment effect in winding raod footpath that make to bleed gap between slide fastener piece, just can accomplish to allow the steam that spills slide fastener outside be " zero " completely.Thereby reach sealing completely.Steam-operating closed zipper " quiet " packing technique that Here it is.

The cross-sectional plane of the tailgate of ejection piston is made into

type structure, be made into maze-type structure with the corresponding installation position fit structure that launches cylinder bushing, on the top of the tailgate of ejection piston with in the part of " protruding ", honeycomb steam seal is installed to the left and right sides, these honeycomb steam seals that are arranged on ejection piston tailgate are bundled on ejection piston and follow ejection piston and move together, because ejection piston is in launching at a high speed, the closing speed of steam-operating closed zipper lags behind the ejection speed of ejection piston slightly, can be at the rear portion of ejection piston slide plate leaving gap, honeycomb steam seal on these moving slide plate shuttle tailgates and tailgate is just by the gap sealing between steam-operating closed zipper and ejection piston slide plate.Here it is, and honeycomb " moves " packing technique.Like this, under the dual compound seal effect of steam-operating closed zipper static seal technology and honeycomb dynamic sealing technology, the leakage vapour that launches the longitudinal opening of cylinder is just sealed by actv..

We do not pursue 100% sealing effectiveness in consideration for launching in cylinder longitudinal opening seals, the sealing effectiveness of pursuit 100% namely requires the sealing to launching cylinder longitudinal opening to accomplish " dripping vapour does not leak ", this first is impossible, and it two is also there is no this necessity.Can not accomplish " dripping vapour does not leak " to the sealing of steam catapult.We pursue 99.5%, 99% or even 98% sealing effectiveness just can completely successfully reach that to make ejection piston be object to beginning to obtaining eventually the aircraft that enough steam pressures launch various models in whole ejection travel.

After airplane catapult being gone out with very large speed under the promotion of ejection piston at high pressure steam, ejection piston self also remains same kinematic velocity, and entering before the decelerating phase, the remaining kinetic energy of ejection piston is very large.In order to reduce this part of remaining kinetic energy as far as possible, will guarantee that ejection piston has the quality that as far as possible reduces ejection piston under the prerequisite of enough intensity, rigidity.In practical application, can consider to make of aluminum alloy, because the density of aluminum alloy only has 1/3 of common iron, so when ejection piston has identical residual velocity, its remaining kinetic energy only has by 1/3 of the remaining kinetic energy of the ejection piston of steel making.The dump energy that absorbs like this ejection piston makes it to slow down until stop just much easier.

In the front portion of two ejection pistons, permanent magnetism deceleration cone is installed respectively, the permanent magnet of sufficient amount is installed in deceleration cone, the length of deceleration cone is exactly that ejection piston is slowed down until the retarding travel stopping.The permanent magnet of installing in deceleration cone will have enough magnetic induction density, and the magnetic induction density of permanent magnet is larger, and closed deceleration coil is also just larger to the resistance of permanent magnet motion.In order to reduce the quality of deceleration cone, deceleration cone is made into hollow structure, in the above the permanent magnet of mounting arrangements sufficient amount.The axis direction that permanent magnet is installed is vertical with the direction of ejection piston motion.

Inside installation in the deceleration seal section of launching cylinder is used so that closing coil and the iron core that ejection piston slows down, according to Lenz law: when external magnetic field approaches and causes when increasing through the magnetic flow in a closing coil, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the increase of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.The variation that external magnetic field is revolted in this induced current magnetic field just makes the residual movement speed of ejection piston slow down until stop motion.

Leave and cause when reducing through the magnetic flow of a closing coil when external magnetic field, will produce induced current in this closed coil inside, the minimizing of the magnetic flow that external magnetic field causes will be revolted in the magnetic field of this induced current.

Above-mentioned closing coil to the effect in external magnetic field can image liken to: " hindering going or staying "! That is to say: when external magnetic field approaches closing coil, closing coil will apply resistance to external magnetic field, in the time that closing coil is left in external magnetic field, closing coil will apply pulling force to external magnetic field, not allow it leave and do one's utmost " keeping ".

The closing coil of enough numbers of turn is installed at the end that launches cylinder, and this coil can closure also can close.In the time that ejection piston return resets, open K closing coil is disconnected, this inc coil will can not apply pulling force for ejection piston again, and promoting piston will reset not having under resistant situation, prepares to carry out launching next time.

Above-mentioned situation is exactly to launch cylinder deceleration seal section to utilize electromagnetic damping deceleration effort to absorb the dump energy after ejection piston sling movement for ejection piston.

Absorb after the remaining energy of ejection piston when launching the deceleration seal section of cylinder, the closing coil of deceleration seal section will produce very large induced current, induced current will be emitted heat raises closing coil ambient temperature around, can in the deceleration seal section of launching cylinder, cooling body be installed and absorb closing coil liberated heat.Make it the unlikely rising of ambient temperature a lot, maintain in a rational range of temperatures.

For steam catapult, first to guarantee to launch that high-pressure steam pressure in cylinder is constant removes to promote ejection piston, and make ejection piston there is enough thrust to remove cataplane, aircraft is obtained enough from warship speed, the safe and reliable work of guarantee steam catapult like this.Its less important assurance under the static seal effect of steam-operating closed zipper and the compound seal effect of honeycomb dynamic seal effect, the steam that launches the leakage of cylinder longitudinal opening is few as best one can, and the part steam leaking out can not produce the injuries such as scald to personnel around.Guarantee the safe and reliable action of ejection piston, under the prerequisite that guarantees steam-operating closed zipper and the sealing of honeycomb dynamic seal failure-free, also requiring to have rational, best seal clearance value to reduce the difficulty of processing and manufacturing, Installation and Debugging.

In a word, for steam catapult, do not pursue 100% sealing effectiveness, and must pursue 100% safe and reliable launch action and be only object.

Claims (4)

1. a bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult, it launches cylinder flange bolt connecting mode by multistage longitudinal opening and is formed by connecting and has the two of enough ejection travel and launch cylinder structure and be arranged on same pedestal, it is characterized in that: two ejection pistons before and after launching in cylinder separately, slides respectively and drive slide plate shuttle launching in the longitudinal opening of cylinder bushing before and after slip, bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult adopts two cylinder structures that launch, ejection piston under the promotion of high pressure steam to front slide, the afterbody of piston is opened the perforate of launching on cylinder side wall one by one, connect the perforate and the bypass cylinder that launch on cylinder side wall with conduit, make high pressure steam can enter bypass cylinder, with the high pressure steam driving bypass cylinder piston entering in bypass cylinder, bypass cylinder piston drives steam-operating closed zipper piece to make it closed again, nylon rubber backing plate is installed to absorb the impact energy in the time that cylinder longitudinal opening is launched in sealing of steam-operating closed zipper piece in the bottom that is used in the steam-operating closed zipper seal groove that launches cylinder, carry out static seal with the honeycomb steam seal of installing on steam-operating closed zipper piece, make steam-operating closed zipper block reset with the elastic force effect of retracing spring, carry out dynamic seal with the honeycomb steam seal of installing on ejection piston slide plate shuttle tailgate, be used for sealing with steam-operating closed zipper piece static seal technology and the compound seal of honeycomb dynamic sealing technology and launch the longitudinal opening of cylinder, two ejection pistons are installed deceleration cone and in deceleration cone, permanent magnet are installed in piston front portion respectively, absorb remaining energy after ejection piston sling movement for the electromagnetic damping deceleration effort of external moving magnetic field with closing coil.

2. bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the surface being in contact with one another between the every a pair of adjacent steam-operating closed zipper piece of steam-operating closed zipper all makes becomes the concavo-convex alternate maze-type structure of part, honeycomb steam seal is installed in the upper and lower part of protruding structure, is completed the static seal for cylinder longitudinal opening with this steam-operating closed zipper.

3. bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on ejection piston slide plate shuttle, install tailgate additional, on the top of slide plate shuttle tailgate, the upper and lower installation honeycomb steam seal of the maze-type structure band of the protrusion of two sides, honeycomb steam seal band is bundled on slide plate shuttle tailgate and jointly launches slip with ejection piston, with motion honeycomb steam seal complete the dynamic seal for cylinder longitudinal opening.

4. bypass cylinder steam-operating closed zipper honeycomb dynamic seal steam catapult according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the afterbody of ejection piston piston in launching slip opens that each launches perforate on cylinder side wall seriatim, the high pressure steam that launches cylinder internal one by one enters by conduit the longitudinal opening sealing that bypass cylinder drives bypass cylinder piston, bypass cylinder piston one by one to promote steam-operating closed zipper piece to make it to launch cylinder again again.

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