CN102034329A - Infrared fire detection method based on multiband and multi-feature - Google Patents
Infrared fire detection method based on multiband and multi-feature Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an infrared fire detection method based on multiband and multi-feature. A fire detection system adopted in the method is formed by connecting a fire detector with a signal processing circuit, a microprocessor, a computer and an alarm display in sequence. The fire detection method comprises the following steps: (1) the fire detector converts a detected temperature and flame light signal into a voltage signal; (2) the signal processing circuit carries out filtration and A/D (Analog to Digital) conversion on the voltage signal; (3) the microprocessor analyzes a digital signal subjected to the A/D conversion and extracts the feature of the digital signal so as to distinguish and judge whether a fire occurs or not; and (4) the computer displays, records and stores a fire signal and an alarm signal. The method is used for comprehensively analyzing and processing a plurality of features of the fire signal, such as temperature, temperature rise, radiation intensity of flame and the like, has the advantages of high sensitivity, large protection area, strong capacity of resisting disturbance, simple operation and comprehensive functions, and lays a foundation for the practical application of fire detection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of infrared fire detection method based on the many features of multiband.Specifically, a kind of infrared fire detection method based on the many features of multiband has been proposed, can be to fire signal demonstration, record, preservation, online warning and the processed offline of gathering, and shows signal figure and generate historical data.Have highly sensitive, characteristics such as the protection area is big, antijamming capability is strong, simple to operate and complete function.
Background technology
Fire is that violent chemical reaction takes place under certain condition for combustible and oxidizer, be accompanied by fire parameters such as producing burning gases, smog, temperature, flame and combustion wave with developing stage in the early stage, by measurement, analysis-by-synthesis, can judge that tested zone has or not fire to exist to these fire parameters.Detection comprises fire signal detection and Identification two aspects, and the detection of fire signal is prerequisite and basis, and the identification of fire signal is core, reaches the purpose of judging fire by feature extraction, analysis to fire signal.
That fire detection technology is widely used in is civilian, commercialization and industrial circle, as hotel, restaurant, teaching building, generating plant, transformer bay, subterranean tunnel, bulk storage plant etc.In above-mentioned application scenario, during breaking out of fire, can produce high temperature and high-intensity infrared radiation mostly, so this method adopts the temperature infrared radiation recombination to survey.The hygrosensor of choosing has the environment temperature automatic compensation function, and infrared multiband detector is made up of detection passage and background supervision passage, has reduced the interference of interference sources such as daylight, has improved detection accuracy.In view of the above, chosen three characteristic features of fire signal, be respectively: temperature, temperature rise rate and Fire Radiation intensity.By comprehensive analysis and judgement, find out the relation between the generation of three and fire, the final purpose that arrives the identification fire to three features.
This method is by the comprehensive analysis processing to three features of fire signal, determined comparatively ideal fire judgment threshold, set up and judged the condition of fire and write down the number of times that satisfies the fire Rule of judgment, have only when number of times meets some requirements, just trigger alerting signal, reduce wrong report to a certain extent, improved the precision of surveying.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is fire signal is carried out many feature extractions,, provide a kind of in real time accurately based on the infrared fire detection method of the many features of multiband by comprehensive judgement to many features.
To achieve these goals, design of the present invention is:
Front end of the present invention adopts infrared multiband flame detector, is constituted jointly by passage A and channel B.The service band of passage A is 4.3-4.8 μ m, and the service band of channel B is 4.0 μ m.In the Fire Radiation infrared range of spectrum, the radiation intensity maximal value is positioned at wavelength 4.1-4.7 mu m range, and in the detection process, flame detector is subjected to the interference of background radiation simultaneously, interference source is mainly from the natural radiation of the sun, the solar irradiation overwhelming majority on 4.3 μ m by air in CO
2Absorb.Passage A is operated in the 4.3-4.8 mu m waveband, and is the strongest in this wave band Fire Radiation, is subjected to disturbing effect such as sunlight little simultaneously, so passage A is used to survey the fire that hydrocarbon combustion produces as the main thoroughfare of flame detecting.And near 4.0 mum wavelengths, the Fire Radiation signal is more weak and undesired signal is stronger, adopts channel B to be operated in 4.0 mu m wavebands, as monitoring passage.When breaking out of fire and external interference hour, the very strong and channel B of the signal that passage A detects a little less than, send fire alarm signal; When no fire and undesired signal were strong, the signal that channel B detects was very strong and passage A is very weak, illustrate to have the external disturbance radiation, did not report to the police at this moment; When breaking out of fire and external interference were big, the signal that passage A detects was very strong and channel B is also stronger, whether sends fire alarm signal by the comprehensive analysis and judgement to two passage fire signals; Flame detector adopts multiband to survey, and has both guaranteed the sensitivity of surveying, and can get rid of the interference of interference sources such as sunshine again, has improved detection accuracy.
When fire takes place, be accompanied by fire parameters such as producing burning gases, smog, temperature, flame and combustion wave,, can judge that tested zone has or not fire to exist by measurement, analysis to these fire parameters.Chosen three characteristic features of fire signal, be respectively: temperature, temperature rise rate and Fire Radiation intensity.In extraordinary fire detector national standard condition, the simulated fire scene is analyzed three features, has finally determined comparatively ideal fire judgment threshold, has set up judgment rule.This method is different from simple threshold values method part and is: write down the number of times that satisfies the fire Rule of judgment, had only when number of times meets some requirements, just triggered alerting signal, reduced wrong report to a certain extent, improved the precision of surveying.
According to the foregoing invention design, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of infrared fire detection method based on the many features of multiband, it is characterized in that: the fire detecting system of employing connects signal processing circuit, microprocessor, computing machine and attention display successively by fire detector and constitutes, and the operation steps of detection is: 1) fire detector changes detected temperature and flame light signal into voltage signal; 2) this voltage signal carries out amplification filtering and A/D conversion by signal processing circuit; 3) digital signal that is converted to of A/D is analyzed at microprocessor, realizes the many feature extractions of fire signal and analyzes identification, judges finally whether fire takes place; 4) computing machine obtains data-signal from microprocessor, realizes demonstration, record and hold function to fire signal and alerting signal.
The fire detector that step 1) is selected for use described in the above-mentioned detection method comprises infrared temperature detector and infrared multiband flame detector, and the fire signal of detection comprises temperature signal and Fire Radiation signal.The infrared temperature detector is measured based on the Non-contact Infrared Temperature Measurement technology, investigative range-20-300 ℃.In order to reduce the influence of environment temperature change to output signal, realize the ambient temperature compensation function by integrated environment temperature calibrating sensors, improved detection accuracy.
Described infrared multiband flame detector is constituted jointly by passage A and channel B, and the service band of passage A is 4.3-4.8 μ m, and the service band of channel B is 4.0 μ m; In the Fire Radiation infrared range of spectrum, the maximal value of radiation intensity is positioned at wavelength 4.1-4.7 mu m range, and in the detection process, flame detector is subjected to the interference of background radiation simultaneously, interference source is mainly from the natural radiation of the sun, the solar irradiation overwhelming majority on 4.3 μ m by air in CO
2Absorb; Passage A is operated in the 4.3-4.8 mu m waveband, and is the strongest in this wave band Fire Radiation, is subjected to disturbing effect such as sunlight little simultaneously, so passage A is used to survey the fire that hydrocarbon combustion produces as the main thoroughfare of flame detecting; And near 4.0 mum wavelengths, the Fire Radiation signal is more weak and undesired signal is stronger, adopts channel B to be operated in 4.0 mu m wavebands, as monitoring passage; When breaking out of fire and external interference hour, the very strong and channel B of the signal that passage A detects a little less than, send fire alarm signal; When no fire and undesired signal were strong, the signal that channel B detects was very strong and passage A is very weak, illustrate to have the external disturbance radiation, did not report to the police at this moment; When breaking out of fire and external interference were big, the signal that passage A detects was very strong and channel B is also stronger, by fire alarm signal is sent in the comprehensive analysis and judgement of two passage fire signals; Flame detector adopts multiband to survey, and has both guaranteed the sensitivity of surveying, and can get rid of the interference of interference sources such as sunshine again, has improved detection accuracy.
The concrete steps that the digital signal that A/D is converted in the described step 3) of above-mentioned detection method is analyzed at microprocessor (3) are as follows:
1) initialization: to module initializations such as register, I/O mouth, timer, serial ports, be initial value, distribute the value that pin and configuration register write to be needed with zone bit, the specification of variables of using;
2) self check: mainly detect each module and whether be in normal operating conditions;
3) preheating: make device reach stable duty, the pre-heat energy of process certain hour reaches better precision;
4) A/D conversion: the simulating signal that detector is detected becomes digital signal;
5) limit filtration: digital signal is carried out pre-service, remove noise;
6) serial communication: the bridge between microprocessor (3) and computing machine (4), data that microprocessor (3) is gathered and result upload to computing machine (4) and show;
7) Digital Signal Analysis and Processing: fire data processing enter link.When fire takes place, be accompanied by fire parameters such as producing burning gases, smog, temperature, flame and combustion wave,, can judge that tested zone has or not fire to exist by measurement, analysis to these fire parameters; Choose three characteristic features of fire signal, be respectively: temperature, temperature rise rate and Fire Radiation intensity; These three features had variation in various degree when fire took place, and three eigenwerts are designated as T1, T2 and T3; Analysis-by-synthesis according to T1, T2 and T3 is set three conditions judging fire:
I temperature T 1 is greater than 60 ℃;
II temperature rise rate T2 greater than 20 ℃/minute and radiation intensity T3 greater than 8000 (AD values);
III radiation intensity T3 is greater than 18000 (AD values);
Record satisfies the number of times of fire Rule of judgment I, II, III, is designated as C1, C2, C3 respectively, and initial value is 0.For guaranteeing that fire do not report by mistake, as C1, C2, when any one accumulative total of C3 reaches 3 times, judging has fire to take place, and sends alerting signal;
Fully utilized a plurality of features of fire signal: temperature, temperature rise rate and Fire Radiation intensity, when fire takes place, write down the number of times that satisfies Rule of judgment, have only when number of times meets some requirements, just trigger alerting signal, reduced wrong report to a certain extent, improved the precision of surveying;
8) report to the police: when fire took place, alarm lamp was lighted and alerting signal is transferred to computing machine (4).
Above-mentioned steps 4) computing machine from microprocessor acquisition data-signal is in: computing machine carries out data communication by serial ports and microprocessor, computing machine receives on the one hand and shows the data that microprocessor is gathered, and on the other hand microprocessor is sent instruction and carries out the relevant parameter setting; Realization is to demonstration, record and the hold function of fire signal and alerting signal, and the specific implementation step is:
1) parameter setting: the information that need to be provided with comprises that serial ports number, baud rate, check bit, data bit, position of rest, data transmission are at interval and the communication number of times;
2) data communication: the real-time reception that the realizes fire signal indication that shows, stops, preserving and report to the police:
¨ receives demonstration: at first dispose relevant serial ports parameter, next is provided with the path of automatic preservation file; Click START button at last, system just begins to receive in real time automatically the up-to-date fire data of slave computer, and is presented at corresponding forms successively by set order;
¨ stops: whether judgment data reaches the communication number of times, during to desired times, stops communication;
¨ preserves: data are stored with textual form, can remove the waveform that shows in the control simultaneously;
The ¨ indication of reporting to the police: the microprocessor alerting signal is transmitted in computing machine simultaneously shows.
3) historical data imports: realize the history data file load function, set up the fire sample database, carry out the off-line data analysis:
¨ Data Loading: already present off-line data is read in calculator memory;
¨ data analysis: draw each sensor signal historical data-time response curve, establish the input under fire, the no condition of a fire condition, instruct microprocessor to carry out the program correction.
The present invention compared with prior art has following substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage: friendly interface, flexible operation; Help off-line, the on-line analysis of fire signal, can realize the Real time identification of fire data, for the practical application of detection is laid a good foundation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an infrared fire detection flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the infrared fire detection system structured flowchart of employing of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that the microprocessor of the specific embodiment of the invention is realized fire identification process block diagram.
Fig. 4 is the computing machine main program flow block diagram of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the computing machine master surface chart of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Details are as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for a preferred embodiment of the present invention: referring to Fig. 1, infrared fire detection method based on the many features of multiband adopts infrared fire detection system shown in Figure 2, connects signal processing circuit 2, microprocessor 3, computing machine 4 and attention display 5 successively by fire detector 1 and constitutes; The operation steps of detection is: 1) fire detector 1 changes temperature and the flame light signal that detects into voltage signal; 2) this voltage signal carries out amplification filtering and A/D conversion by signal processing circuit 2; 3) digital signal that is converted to of A/D is analyzed at microprocessor 3, realizes the many feature extractions of fire signal and analyzes identification, judges finally whether fire takes place; 4) computing machine 4 obtains data-signal from microprocessor 3, realizes demonstration, record and hold function to fire signal and alerting signal.
Above-mentioned steps 1) fire detector 1 that adopts in comprises infrared temperature detector and infrared multiband flame detector, and fire detector 1 is transformed into voltage signal with detected temperature and flame light signal; Voltage signal carries out amplification filtering by signal processing circuit 2 and A/D is converted to more level and smooth digital signal; Digital signal is analyzed in microprocessor (3); Result after the analysis gives computing machine 4, realizes functions such as data recording, demonstration, preservation.
Referring to Fig. 3, microprocessor 3 based on the infrared fire detection method of the many features of a kind of multiband is realized fire identification process block diagrams, realization is carried out comprehensive judgment processing to many features such as the temperature of fire signal, temperature rise, Fire Radiation intensity, final output alarm signal.Idiographic flow is as follows:
1) initialization: to module initializations such as register, I/O mouth, timer, serial ports, be initial value, distribute the value that pin and configuration register write to be needed with zone bit, the specification of variables of using;
2) self check: mainly detect each module and whether be in normal operating conditions;
3) preheating: make device reach stable duty, the pre-heat energy of process certain hour reaches better precision;
4) data pre-service: fire signal is carried out A/D conversion, limit filtration;
5) serial communication: the bridge that microprocessor 3 and computing machine are 4, data that microprocessor 3 is gathered and result upload to computing machine 4 and show;
6) fire signal feature selecting and Rule of judgment: many features such as the temperature of fire signal, temperature rise, Fire Radiation intensity are carried out comprehensive judgment processing, set three conditions of judging fire, be respectively: I. temperature T 1 is greater than 60 ℃; II. temperature rise rate T2 greater than 20 ℃/minute and radiation intensity T3 greater than AD value 8000; III. radiation intensity T3 is greater than AD value 18000, and concrete threshold value is determined according to test of many times.Record satisfies the number of times of fire Rule of judgment I, II, III, is designated as C1, C2, C3 respectively, and initial value is 0.
7) alarm decision: as C1, C2, when any one accumulative total of C3 reaches 3 times, judging has fire to take place, and sends alerting signal, and lamp is lighted alarm lamp.
8) data upload: three eigenwerts and the alerting signal of fire data are uploaded to computing machine (4) in real time.
Referring to Fig. 4, this realizes demonstration, record and the hold function of signal based on the computing machine 4 main program flow block diagrams of the infrared fire detection method of the many features of multiband.Idiographic flow is as follows:
1) open serial ports: with serial port setting is opening;
2) initialization: after serial ports is opened, each zone bit of initialization and data buffer;
3) data communication: the fire data that reception microprocessor 3 transmits also shows in the interface, represents target temperature etc. as first row;
4) graphic presentation: the picture data of selecting according to the user, with 20 up-to-date fire datas change curve that draws;
5) data are preserved: all data in the form are saved in the TXT file.
Referring to Fig. 5, this realizes demonstration, record and the hold function of signal based on the computing machine 4 main interfaces of the infrared fire detection method of the many features of multiband.The concrete operations step is as follows:
1) system's setting: click " system's setting " button, the serial ports parameter that configuration is relevant comprises string slogan, baud rate, check bit, data bit, position of rest, data transmission interval and communication number of times; Secondly click " preserve automatically and be provided with " button the path of automatic preservation file is set;
2) data communication: click START button, computing machine 4 just begins to receive in real time automatically the up-to-date fire data of microprocessor 3; Click " time-out " button, computing machine 4 suspends the reception data; Click " stopping " button, computing machine 4 stops to receive data;
3) data storage: " derived data " clicked on the panel can be saved in other positions with current all data at any time, and showing the data number of preserving, the i.e. size of file on main panel;
4) historical data shows and inquiry: click " import information " button on the panel, the data importing of having preserved can be shown in current form; Click " information inquiry " button and can open new panel, and in new panel, open the data of having preserved, make things convenient for the data contrast.
Claims (4)
1. infrared fire detection method based on the many features of multiband, it is characterized in that: the fire detecting system of employing connects signal processing circuit (2), microprocessor (3), computing machine (4) and attention display (5) successively by fire detector (1) and constitutes, and the operation steps of detection is:
A. fire detector (1) changes temperature and the flame light signal that detects into voltage signal;
B. this voltage signal carries out amplification filtering and A/D conversion by signal processing circuit (2);
The digital signal that C.A/D is converted to is analyzed in microprocessor (3), realizes many feature extractions of fire signal and analysis identification are judged finally whether fire takes place;
D. computing machine (4) obtains data-signal from microprocessor (3), realizes demonstration, record and hold function to fire signal and alerting signal.
2. a kind of infrared fire detection method according to claim 1 based on the many features of multiband, it is characterized in that: fire detector (1) comprises infrared temperature detector and infrared multiband flame detector in the described steps A of selecting for use, and the fire signal of detection comprises temperature signal and Fire Radiation signal; Described infrared temperature detector is measured based on the Non-contact Infrared Temperature Measurement technology, investigative range-20-300 ℃; In order to reduce the influence of environment temperature change to output signal, realize the ambient temperature compensation function by integrated environment temperature calibrating sensors, improved detection accuracy; Described infrared multiband flame detector is constituted jointly by passage A and channel B, and the service band of passage A is 4.3-4.8 μ m, and the service band of channel B is 4.0 μ m; In the Fire Radiation infrared range of spectrum, the maximal value of radiation intensity is positioned at wavelength 4.1-4.7 mu m range, and in the detection process, flame detector is subjected to the interference of background radiation simultaneously, interference source is mainly from the natural radiation of the sun, the solar irradiation overwhelming majority on 4.3 μ m by air in CO
2Absorb; Passage A is operated in the 4.3-4.8 mu m waveband, and is the strongest in this wave band Fire Radiation, is subjected to disturbing effect such as sunlight little simultaneously, so passage A is used to survey the fire that hydrocarbon combustion produces as the main thoroughfare of flame detecting; And near 4.0 mum wavelengths, the Fire Radiation signal is more weak and undesired signal is stronger, adopts channel B to be operated in 4.0 mu m wavebands, as monitoring passage; When breaking out of fire and external interference hour, the very strong and channel B of the signal that passage A detects a little less than, send fire alarm signal; When no fire and undesired signal were strong, the signal that channel B detects was very strong and passage A is very weak, illustrate to have the external disturbance radiation, did not report to the police at this moment; When breaking out of fire and external interference were big, the signal that passage A detects was very strong and channel B is also stronger, by fire alarm signal is sent in the comprehensive analysis and judgement of two passage fire signals; Flame detector adopts multiband to survey, and has both guaranteed the sensitivity of surveying, and can get rid of the interference of interference sources such as sunshine again, has improved detection accuracy.
3. a kind of infrared fire detection method according to claim 1 based on the many features of multiband, it is characterized in that: the concrete steps step that the digital signal that A/D is converted among the described step C is analyzed in microprocessor (3) is as follows:
C-1. initialization: to module initializations such as register, I/O mouth, timer, serial ports, be initial value, distribute the value that pin and configuration register write to be needed with zone bit, the specification of variables of using;
C-2. self check: mainly detect each module and whether be in normal operating conditions;
C-3. preheating: make device reach stable duty, the pre-heat energy of process certain hour reaches better precision;
The C-4.A/D conversion: the simulating signal that detector is detected becomes digital signal;
C-5. limit filtration: digital signal is carried out pre-service, remove noise;
C-6. serial communication: the bridge between microprocessor (3) and computing machine (4), data that microprocessor (3) is gathered and result upload to computing machine (4) and show;
C-7. Digital Signal Analysis and Processing: fire data processing enter link;
When fire takes place, be accompanied by fire parameters such as producing burning gases, smog, temperature, flame and combustion wave,, can judge that tested zone has or not fire to exist by measurement, analysis to these fire parameters; Choose three characteristic features of fire signal, be respectively: temperature, temperature rise rate and Fire Radiation intensity; These three features had variation in various degree when fire took place, and three eigenwerts are designated as T1, T2 and T3; Analysis-by-synthesis according to T1, T2 and T3 is set three conditions judging fire:
I temperature T 1 is greater than 60 ℃;
II temperature rise rate T2 greater than 20 ℃/minute and radiation intensity T3 greater than 8000 (A/D values);
III radiation intensity T3 is greater than 18000 (A/D values);
Record satisfies the number of times of fire Rule of judgment I, II, III, is designated as C1, C2, C3 respectively, and initial value is 0; For guaranteeing that fire do not report by mistake, as C1, C2, when any one accumulative total of C3 reaches 3 times, judging has fire to take place, and sends alerting signal; A plurality of features of comprehensive utilization fire signal: temperature, temperature rise rate and Fire Radiation intensity, when fire takes place, write down the number of times that satisfies Rule of judgment, have only when number of times meets some requirements, just trigger alerting signal, reduced wrong report to a certain extent, improved the precision of surveying;
C-8. report to the police: when fire took place, alarm lamp was lighted and alerting signal is transferred to computing machine (4).
4. a kind of infrared fire detection method according to claim 1 based on the many features of multiband, it is characterized in that: computing machine among the described step D (4) obtains data-signal from microprocessor (3) and is: computing machine (4) carries out data communication by serial ports and microprocessor (3), computing machine (4) receives on the one hand and shows the data that microprocessor (3) is gathered, and on the other hand microprocessor (3) is sent instruction and carries out the relevant parameter setting; Realization is to demonstration, record and the hold function of fire signal and alerting signal, and the specific implementation step is:
D-1. parameter setting: the information that need to be provided with comprises that serial ports number, baud rate, check bit, data bit, position of rest, data transmission are at interval and the communication number of times;
D-2. data communication: the real-time reception that the realizes fire signal indication that shows, stops, preserving and report to the police:
D-2-1. receive and show: at first dispose relevant serial ports parameter, next is provided with the path of automatic preservation file; Click START button at last, system just begins to receive in real time automatically the up-to-date fire data of slave computer, and is presented at corresponding forms successively by set order;
D-2-2. stop: whether judgment data reaches the communication number of times, during to desired times, stops communication;
D-2-3. preserve: data are stored with textual form, can remove the waveform that shows in the control simultaneously;
D-2-4. report to the police and indicate: microprocessor (3) alerting signal is transmitted in computing machine (4) simultaneously shows;
D-3. historical data imports: realize the history data file load function, set up the fire sample database, carry out the off-line data analysis:
D-4. Data Loading: already present off-line data is read in computing machine (4) internal memory;
D-5. data analysis: draw each sensor signal historical data-time response curve, establish the input under fire, the no condition of a fire condition, instruct microprocessor (3) to carry out the program correction.
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