CN102033093B - Method for operating sensor - Google Patents

Method for operating sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102033093B
CN102033093B CN201010502117.1A CN201010502117A CN102033093B CN 102033093 B CN102033093 B CN 102033093B CN 201010502117 A CN201010502117 A CN 201010502117A CN 102033093 B CN102033093 B CN 102033093B
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temperature
sensor
probe
sonde
activationary
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CN102033093A (en
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S·博费尔特
M·法伊
A·科林
R·哈曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/4067Means for heating or controlling the temperature of the solid electrolyte

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a sensor (100), especially a sensor made of seramic materials. The method is characterized in that the sensor (100) is heated to a target temperature (T2), which is greater than activation temperature (T1) and less than a thermal shock temperature(T3), before reaching to a dew point end.

Description

For running the method for sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for running sensor in particular for running the method for the sensor be made up of stupalith.
Background technology
The sensor detector in other words for determining physical features is used in diversified mode.Such as can in the gas exhaust piping of internal combustion engine set temperature, soot and gas sensor, described sensor achieves effective purification of waste gas in conjunction with catalyst converter and regulating device.
Especially stoichiometrical air-fuel ratio in waste gas with λ=1 is regulated by means of so-called lambda sensor.At this, λ=1 represents the air of 14.7kg and the quality of fuel ratio of 1kg.This mass ratio is needed to be used for making complete combustion of fuel.At this, λ is the air capacity of input and the business of theoretic air requirements.
Be typically used as the sensor of lambda sensor based on the principle of oxygen concentration battery with the ionization of solid electrolyte.This solid electrolyte has two interfaces separated by pottery.Pottery conduct oxygen ions when so-called activationary temperature.Due to oxygen shares different on both sides ceramic between interface, create so-called energy nernst voltage.This voltage is the yardstick of the ratio of ceramic both sides partial pressure of oxygen.According to remaining the relation of oxygen content with the air-fuel ratio of the potpourri of input internal combustion engine in the waste gas of internal combustion engine, the air-fuel ratio of input internal combustion engine can be inferred by the oxygen share measured in waste gas.This synonym below also referred to as the working temperature also referred to as nominal temperature of the sensor of probe typically between 650 DEG C and 850 DEG C.In order to realize this nominal temperature independent of environmental baseline, sensor described in electrical heating.In order to realize response sensor and there is analyzable measuring-signal as early as possible thus as early as possible, needing Fast Heating sensor, especially in the heat engine operation phase of internal combustion engine, just heated sensor.
In this heat engine operation phase, can produce water vapor when burning, this water vapor can be condensate on the cold surface of gas exhaust piping.If there is water droplet now on the sensor surface of heat, so the temperature difference of local can cause high thermal stress, and this thermal stress is until cause the damage of probe.This phenomenon is called so-called " thermal shock ".
In order to get rid of this thermal shock, probe usually expect lower exhaust gas temperature and expect thus have water in gas exhaust piping stage in carry out work with the temperature lower than activationary temperature.This is called so-called " protection heating ".The shortcoming of this measure is, probe is offhand ready in this stage.When only no longer including this state of water in the waste gas reaching internal combustion engine, just probe is heated to its nominal temperature, this state usually and be called below " the dew point end ".
From DE 10 2,006 012 476 A1, know a kind of method, in the method, after heating the condensate water that may deposit, sensor or probe are heated to the so-called shock resistance temperature higher than nominal temperature.This method make use of so-called Leidenfrost effect (Leidenfrosteffekt): when shock resistance temperature, and the surface of sensor element is so hot, thus spontaneously defines steam blanket between water droplet and sensor surface.Prevent the surface of water drop contact sensor element thus, and guarantee only to transmit very little hot-fluid, so little or rather, sensor can not be damaged.The method advantageously, even if also very early that operating sensor is ready in cold engine.But the precondition of this method is, the heating power of probe is enough high on the one hand, thus reliably reaches shock resistance temperature, and probe can carry out work when shock resistance temperature in addition, and can not damage probe thus.Also must guarantee on the other hand, the protection tube usually surrounding this probe is awfully hot equally, thus bears Leidenfrost effect.If do not meet these preconditions, so the evaporation of water droplet can cause water vapor to squeeze in protection tube by waste gas, and this can cause the measuring-signal of probe not reflect exhaust gas constituents.
Summary of the invention
Now, task of the present invention is that a kind of method for running sensor is described, the method achieve and directly after starting internal combustion engine, obtain analyzable probe signals, even and if especially achieve when to there is water in gas exhaust piping also obtained analyzable probe signals before reaching the dew point end, and shock resistance temperature will be heated to by probe.
This task is solved in particular for the method running the sensor be made up of stupalith for running sensor by a kind of, is heated to by sensor in the process and was greater than activationary temperature and the target temperature being less than caloric impact temperature before reaching the dew point end.Basic conception of the present invention is, at target temperature luck line sensor, wherein can detect exhaust gas constituents on the one hand, reliably eliminate thermal shock on the other hand.Thereby, it is possible to very favorable mode directly start not damage after internal combustion engine sensor jeopardously probe signals is used for regulate and diagnostic purpose.
Contrary with known method, probe is not run below activationary temperature at this, below activationary temperature, there is no analyzable probe signals, and this probe also need not be heated to more than shock resistance temperature.
So, such as before reaching the dew point end, target temperature is kept constant.But the present invention is not limited to this.Purely in principle, also can change target temperature, to be this target temperature be greater than activationary temperature and be less than the range of motion of caloric impact temperature prerequisite.
After reaching the dew point end, preferably make sensor run in the temperature corresponding to nominal temperature.
By the temperature that the important precondition of method of the present invention is accurately detecting sensor.Preferably by direct temperature survey or indirectly temperature survey, the temperature determining sensor particularly by the internal resistance of survey sensor circuit or electric current (below referred to as the heater current of sensor).By two measurement parameters: the internal resistance of sensor and/or the heater current of sensor, temperature and the especially sensor element of sensor or the temperature of probe member of sensor accurately can be determined.
Propose according to the favourable design proposal by method of the present invention, by the temperature of detecting sensor and/or determine activationary temperature by the special reaction of detecting sensor signal, this sensor signal can be inferred and reaches activationary temperature.As the special reaction of sensor signal, such as, consider deviation or the analogue of probe voltage and " equilibrium position ".
At this once there is vehicle-mounted voltage in automobile, when just directly can use sensor in electric, namely such as trigger monitoring sensor actuator temperature when start-uping a car internal combustion engine, or start to trigger this monitoring by initiating signal.Such as can derive initiating signal from the special behavior of sensor signal.Such as can detect by measuring probe internal resistance the activationary temperature reaching 2 lambda sensors, only just trigger measurement when probe voltage leaves equilibrium position.Thus, by owing to measuring the polarization and the distortion minimization of the probe voltage signal caused that internal resistance causes in cold probe.
The heating of sensor and sensor element is related to by the important feature of method of the present invention.This can be undertaken by the measure below one or more:
The heating work in-control time, realizes particularly by constant heating power or according to the heating power distribution of time
The condition of work that-basis can provide in advance realizes the heating work of pre-control
The heating work of-adjustment temperature.
Particularly advantageously proposing, can consider when trying to achieve sensor temperature to affect thermoregulator parameter, especially component tolerance or aging effect.This can particularly advantageously carry out by means of computer program, and this computer program runs on computing machine at it, implement the institute of foregoing method when especially running on the opertaing device of internal combustion engine in steps.
Do not needing extra hardware to implement described method, but such as after heating sensor element, described method can be installed on the automobile of existence by mechanism's detected temperatures of having existed yet.Advantageously propose for this reason, program code is kept on computer program, such as, on CD-ROM, DVD, outside flash memory or analog or be kept on the storage medium of other outside.The program representing described method can be input in opertaing device software in the automobile existed by this way, and install this method to a certain extent additional thus.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and be explained in detail in the following description.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of gas sensor (probe) together with the circuit for running this gas sensor (probe);
Fig. 2 be by disclosed in prior art for running the probe temperature about the time of the method for sensor;
Fig. 3 be by disclosed in prior art another for running the probe temperature about the time of the method for sensor; And
Fig. 4 schematically shows probe temperature about the time for explaining by the method for running sensor of the present invention.
Embodiment
According to the sensor being configured to wide band oxygen sensor, the present invention is made an explanation below.Here should emphasize, the present invention is not restricted to this, but also can be applied in other probe type, detector or similar device, be especially also used in two point probes also referred to as mutant probe (Sprungsonden) and in the sensor of other use stupalith.
Structure in the sensor of material with pottery or similar pottery, there is the danger of thermal shock of the described type of beginning, because can easily pass through the mechanical stress of introducing and damage in the material of pottery or similar pottery.So, the longitudinal dilatation of such as material causes very large mechanical stress when temperature is different due to the temperature variation of local, and this mechanical stress meeting is until cause the fracture of material or crackle to be formed.
The sensor that Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the concentration for determining gas componant in gaseous mixture in other words gas sensor 100 together with the device 170 for triggering of attaching troops to a unit.This gas sensor 100 is designed to wide band oxygen sensor in this example embodiment.This wide band oxygen sensor comprises heating arrangement 160 in main region below, comprises this special battery 140 of energy and comprise pump battery 120 in superincumbent region in the region of centre.This pump battery 120 has opening 105 in the region of central authorities, and waste gas 10 is arrived in the measurement space 130 of pump battery 120 by this opening.The end of the outside of measurement space 130 arranges electrode 135,145, electrode 135 is wherein attached troops to a unit in pump battery and is defined interior pump electrode (IPE) 135, and wherein below electrode 145 attach troops to a unit in can this special battery 140 and define can nernst electrode (NE) 145.Pump battery 120 in the face of the side of waste gas, there is protective seam 110, at the internal placement electrode of a pump cell (APE) 125 of this protective seam.Solid electrolyte extends between the electrode of a pump cell 125 and interior pump electrode 135 of measurement space 130, is entered in measurement space 130 or from measurement space 130 to transport out by oxygen infusion when can there is pump voltage by this solid electrolyte on electrode 125,135.
Pump battery 120 is connected to other solid, and this solid defines this special battery 140 of energy with reference gas room 150.In the face of pump battery 120 arranges reference electrode (RE) 155 in reference gas room 150.The voltage occurred between reference electrode 155 and energy nernst electrode 145 in the measurement space 130 of pump battery 120 is corresponding to energy nernst voltage.In the further extension of pottery, in region below, arrange heating arrangement 160.
Oxygen reference gas can prepared in advance in the reference gas room 150 of this special battery 140.In measurement space, regulate oxygen concentration by the pump electric current I _ pump flowing through pump electrode 125 and 135, this oxygen concentration is corresponding to the concentration of λ=1 in measurement space 130.By flip flop equipment in other words opertaing device 170 control electric current and analyze can nernst voltage.At this, what operational amplifier 174 witness mark electrode 155 existed can nernst voltage and this voltage and reference voltage U_ref being compared, and reference voltage is typically approximately 450mV.When there is deviation, operational amplifier 174 gives pump battery 120 load pump electric current I _ pump by resistance 172 and pump electrode 125,135.In the inside of opertaing device 170, in the electrical lead leading to heating arrangement 160, arrange temperature set mechanism 180, this temperature set mechanism is to be suitable for running the mode of lambda sensor and to set voltage that heating arrangement 160 exists and the temperature of also setting sensor 100 indirectly thus.At this, carry out heating sensor 100 in the manner described below.
Show heating strategy disclosed in prior art in figs. 2 and 3.Fig. 4 shows by heating strategy of the present invention.
The probe temperature T about time t is schematically show in Fig. 2 is to 4 sonde.At this, continuous print T1 represents activationary temperature, and T3 represents caloric impact temperature, and T4 represents nominal temperature and T5 represents shock resistance temperature.Represent target temperature with T2, this target temperature is interpreted as heating strategy with being associated with by method of the present invention, as schematically shown in the diagram.
As shown in Figure 2, according to heating strategy disclosed in prior art, first, before reaching dew point end TPE, namely occur in the offgas when the water vapor of the cold condense on surfaces of gas exhaust piping, probe 100 to be heated to the temperature lower than the activationary temperature T1 of probe.This schematically shows according to lines 210 in fig. 2.Can not assert exhaust gas constituents in this region, because do not reach activationary temperature T1, this activationary temperature of subsistence level is used for making solid electrolyte conduct oxygen ions and this activationary temperature is approximately 350 DEG C.Only when reaching dew point end TPE, that is when guaranteeing not occur in waste gas condensing upon the water vapor on the cold surface of gas exhaust piping, just probe is heated to nominal temperature T4, this nominal temperature, usually between 650 DEG C and 850 DEG C, is illustrated by lines 220 here.The shortcoming of this method is, can not measure exhaust gas constituents before reaching dew point end TPE.
In order to shorten this time period, be provided with another kind method disclosed in DE 10 2,006 012 476 A1, the method below composition graphs 3 makes an explanation, and probe 100 is heated to the temperature T of below activationary temperature T1 sondeonly use the time t significantly shorter than the time reached before dew point end TPE a.Then probe 100 is heated to shock resistance temperature T5.Probe 100 remains on this temperature, until reach dew point end TPE, this is described by lines 320.After reaching dew point end TPE, sensor 100 is adjusted to nominal temperature T4, is illustrated by lines 330 in figure 3.The method used after the condensate water that may deposit in heating sensor element make use of so-called Leidenfrost effect: when shock resistance temperature T5, the surface of described sensor element is so hot, thus spontaneously defines steam blanket between water droplet and sensor surface.Thus, water droplet not surface in contact and only transmit so little hot-fluid, makes probe 100 to damage.The advantage of the method is, even if also can by probe 100 ready for operation very early in cold internal combustion engine.But the precondition implementing this method is, on the one hand the heating power of probe 100 is enough high, thus reliably reaches shock resistance temperature T5, and probe 100 can not be impaired when shock resistance temperature T5 carry out work.On the other hand, sensor 100 can be surrounded and the known protection tube usually surrounding sensor 100 must be awfully hot equally, thus bear Leidenfrost effect.Otherwise, the evaporation of water droplet can cause water vapor to be squeezed by waste gas in protection tube and can not determine exhaust gas constituents thus.
Present composition graphs 4 describes by method of the present invention, this method eliminates shortcoming recited above, and indeed achieve and directly after starting internal combustion engine, run probe 100, or rather by this way, namely in fact directly exhaust gas constituents can be detected after starting internal combustion engine, and shock resistance temperature T5 will be heated to by probe 100, and the longer time need not be waited for implement to measure before reaching dew point end TPE.
As shown in Figure 4, probe 100 is heated to the temperature T2 hereinafter referred to target temperature, this temperature is greater than activationary temperature T1 for this reason, but is less than caloric impact temperature T3.As schematically shown according to lines 410 in the diagram, before reaching dew point end TPE, described temperature preferably keeps constant.If reach dew point end TPE, so probe 100 is heated to nominal temperature T4, is illustrated by lines 420 in the diagram.The larger advantage of the method can detect exhaust gas constituents in fact from the beginning, because probe 100 is heated to the temperature being greater than activationary temperature T1 on the one hand.Prevent from damaging probe 100 by condensate water, because target temperature T2 is also less than caloric impact temperature T3 on the other hand simultaneously.In addition do not need to apply such as disclosed in prior art and be heated to shock resistance temperature T5 according to the method that Fig. 3 explains time larger heating power.
Diverse ways can be used to regulate target temperature T2.Can carry out heating work to control time on the one hand, such as, use constant heating power or depend on that the heating power of time distributes, the heating work of pre-control can be set according to condition of work in addition.The heating work regulating temperature can be carried out.In addition the combination of these three flexible programs can also be realized.
According to current probe temperature T sondecontrol or regulate heating.Need to detect this temperature T for this reason sonde.Probe or sensor temperature T sondedetection can realize by direct temperature survey or by indirectly temperature survey, such as realized by measuring probe internal resistance or heater current when lambda sensor.If not the control time heat, so advantageously, monitoring the reaching of activationary temperature T1.For this reason, such as following methods step is suitable for:
A) identified by direct temperature survey;
B) identified by indirectly temperature survey, such as when lambda sensor by measuring probe internal resistance or heater current;
C) identified by the special reaction of sensor signal, the deviation of such as probe voltage and " equilibrium position ".
Preferably directly when can use corresponding measuring-signal in electric and thus in fact directly trigger the monitoring of current probe temperature after starting internal combustion engine or reach activationary temperature T1.
As an alternative, also just monitoring can be triggered by the special behavior of sensor signal.When too early monitoring has a negative impact to probe signals, it especially can be this situation.The activationary temperature T of such as 2 lambda sensors sondereach and can be arrived by measuring probe internal resistance detection, this measurement only when probe voltage leaves equilibrium position just trigger.Thus, by owing to measuring the polarization and the distortion minimization of the probe voltage signal caused that internal resistance causes in cold probe.
Alternatively, the component tolerance that target temperature T2 adjusts or the parameter affecting target temperature T2 adjustment can be affected by adjusting described parameter to consider by reference value.So, such as the aging of the internal resistance of lambda sensor can be considered when the internal resistance measurement temperature indirectly by sensor 100.Preferably the stabilization sub stage, such as dally time adjust.Example for this is:
A) try to achieve in the heat engine operation phase of internal combustion engine and indirectly consider matching value;
B) consider to try to achieve ahead of time and the matching value preserved.
Especially the matching value of trying to achieve in driving cycle comparatively early after reaching nominal temperature T4 can also be considered.In addition, described two method characteristic combinations a) and b) can be used.
Foregoing method such as can realize as computer program on the computing device, especially on the opertaing device 170 of internal combustion engine realize and run there.Program code can be kept on machine-readable carrier, and opertaing device 170 can read this carrier.Can not need such as, " to install " the method additional without any problems when extra hardware, extra probe, sensor and similar device in described method by this way.

Claims (9)

1. for running the method for sensor (100), it is characterized in that, before reaching the dew point end (TPE), described sensor (100) being heated to and being greater than activationary temperature (T1) and the target temperature (T2) being less than caloric impact temperature (T3).
2. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before reaching the described dew point end (TPE), described target temperature (T2) is kept constant.
3., by the method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, after reaching the described dew point end, make described sensor (100) run in the temperature corresponding to nominal temperature (T4).
4. by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, determine the temperature (T of described sensor (100) by direct temperature survey or by indirectly temperature survey sonde).
5., by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by detecting the temperature (T of described sensor (100) sonde) and/or determine to reach described activationary temperature (T1) by the special reaction of detecting sensor signal, this sensor signal can infer the described activationary temperature of arrival (T1).
6. by method described in claim 4 or 5, it is characterized in that, when can use sensor (100) in electric or start to trigger described sensor temperature (T by initiating signal sonde) monitoring.
7., by method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the internal resistance according to described sensor (100) provides described initiating signal.
8., by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the temperature (T that described sensor (100) is heated to sonde) realized by measure below or combination:
The heating work in-control time,
The condition of work that-basis can provide in advance carries out the heating work of pre-control,
The heating work of-adjustment temperature.
9., by method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, try to achieve the temperature (T of described sensor (100) sonde) time consider impact described temperature (T sonde) the parameter of adjustment.
CN201010502117.1A 2009-10-06 2010-09-30 Method for operating sensor Active CN102033093B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009045367A DE102009045367A1 (en) 2009-10-06 2009-10-06 Method for operating broadband lambda sensor for determining composition of exhaust gas in internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, involves controlling temperature of sensor by measuring internal resistance and/or heat flow of sensor
DE102009045367.9 2009-10-06

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CN102033093B true CN102033093B (en) 2015-04-01

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DE102011007447A1 (en) 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating at least one sensor element
JP6493281B2 (en) * 2016-04-11 2019-04-03 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Exhaust sensor control device
CN113107656B (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-05-03 东风商用车有限公司 Dew point passing identification method of Nox sensor

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US7526914B2 (en) * 2005-11-18 2009-05-05 Denso Corporation Heater control device for gas sensor
CN101235757A (en) * 2007-01-31 2008-08-06 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 Oxygen sensor heater control methods and systems

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IT1401161B1 (en) 2013-07-12
CN102033093A (en) 2011-04-27
FR2950973A1 (en) 2011-04-08
ITMI20101783A1 (en) 2011-04-07
DE102009045367A1 (en) 2011-04-07
FR2950973B1 (en) 2018-02-09

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