CN102033093A - Method for operating sensor - Google Patents

Method for operating sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102033093A
CN102033093A CN2010105021171A CN201010502117A CN102033093A CN 102033093 A CN102033093 A CN 102033093A CN 2010105021171 A CN2010105021171 A CN 2010105021171A CN 201010502117 A CN201010502117 A CN 201010502117A CN 102033093 A CN102033093 A CN 102033093A
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temperature
sensor
probe
sonde
described method
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CN102033093B (en
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S·博费尔特
M·法伊
A·科林
R·哈曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/4067Means for heating or controlling the temperature of the solid electrolyte

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a sensor (100), especially a sensor made of seramic materials. The method is characterized in that the sensor (100) is heated to a target temperature (T2), which is greater than activation temperature (T1) and less than a thermal shock temperature(T3), before reaching to a dew point end.

Description

Be used to move the method for sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is used to move the sensor that sensor made by stupalith in particular for operation.
Background technology
Use the sensor detector in other words that is used for determining physical features in diversified mode.For example temperature, soot and gas sensor can be set in the gas exhaust piping of internal combustion engine, described sensor has been realized effective purification of waste gas in conjunction with catalyst converter and regulating device.
Especially regulate the stoichiometrical air-fuel ratio that has λ=1 in the waste gas by means of so-called lambda sensor.At this, the λ=air of 1 expression 14.7kg and the quality of fuel ratio of 1kg.Need this mass ratio to be used to make fuel perfect combustion.At this, λ is the air capacity of input and the merchant of theoretic air requirements.
Usually as the sensor of lambda sensor principle based on the oxygen concentration battery of ionization with solid electrolyte.This solid electrolyte has two interfaces that separated by pottery.Pottery conduct oxygen ions when so-called activationary temperature.Because different oxygen share on the both sides of pottery between the interface has produced so-called energy nernst voltage.This voltage is the yardstick of the ratio of ceramic both sides partial pressure of oxygen.According to the relation of residue oxygen content in the waste gas of internal combustion engine, can infer the air-fuel ratio of input internal combustion engine by the oxygen share of measuring in the waste gas with the air-fuel ratio of the potpourri of input internal combustion engine.Synonym is also referred to as the working temperature that is also referred to as nominal temperature of sensor of probe typically between 650 ℃ and 850 ℃ below this.Realize this name temperature, the described sensor of electrical heating in order to be independent of environmental baseline.In order to realize as early as possible response sensor and to have analyzable measuring-signal thus as early as possible, need the Fast Heating sensor, especially the hot machine at internal combustion engine has just heated sensor in the operation phase.
In operation phase, can produce water vapor at this hot machine when burning, this water vapor can be condensate on the cold surface of gas exhaust piping.If now water droplet occurs on the sensor surface of heat, so Ju Bu temperature difference can cause high thermal stress, and this thermal stress is until the damage that causes probe.This phenomenon is called so-called " thermal shock ".
In order to get rid of this thermal shock, probe carries out work with the temperature that is lower than activationary temperature expecting low exhaust gas temperature and expect thus in the stage that water is arranged in the gas exhaust piping usually.This is called so-called " protection heating ".The shortcoming of this measure is, and is offhand ready at this stage middle probe.When only no longer including this state of water in reaching the waste gas of internal combustion engine, just probe is heated to its nominal temperature, this state is called " the dew point end " usually and below.
From DE 10 2,006 012 476 A1, know a kind of method, in the method, after the condensate water that heating may deposit, sensor or probe are heated to the so-called shock resistance temperature higher than nominal temperature.This method has been utilized so-called Leiden Dan Frost effect (Leidenfrosteffekt): when the shock resistance temperature, the surface of sensor element is so hot, thereby has spontaneously formed steam blanket between water droplet and sensor surface.Prevent the surface of water droplet feeler element thus, and guarantee only to transmit very little hot-fluid, so little or rather, make sensor can not damage.This method advantageously, even also very early that operating sensor is ready in cold engine.Yet the precondition of this method is that the heating power of probe is enough high on the one hand, thereby reaches the shock resistance temperature reliably, and probe can carry out work when the shock resistance temperature in addition, and can not damage probe thus.Must guarantee also that on the other hand the protection tube that surrounds this probe usually is awfully hot equally, thereby bear Leiden Dan Frost effect.If do not satisfy these preconditions, the evaporation of water droplet can cause water vapor that waste gas is squeezed in the protection tube so, and this can cause the measuring-signal of probe can not reflect exhaust gas constituents.
Summary of the invention
Now, task of the present invention is a kind of method that is used to move sensor of explanation, this method has realized directly obtaining analyzable probe signals after cranking internal combustion engine, even and before reaching the dew point end, obtain analyzable probe signals when especially having realized in gas exhaust piping, having water, and will not be heated to the shock resistance temperature by probe yet.
This task solves by a kind of method that is used to move the sensor that sensor made by stupalith in particular for operation, is reaching before the dew point end sensor to be heated to greater than activationary temperature and less than the target temperature of caloric impact temperature in described method.Basic design of the present invention is that at target temperature luck line sensor, wherein one side can detect exhaust gas constituents, has got rid of thermal shock on the other hand reliably.Thus, can with very favorable mode directly after cranking internal combustion engine, do not damage sensor jeopardously probe signals is used for regulate and diagnostic purpose.
Opposite with known method, probe is not moved below activationary temperature at this, below activationary temperature, do not have analyzable probe signals, and this probe needn't be heated to more than the shock resistance temperature also.
Favourable the expansion scheme and the improvement project of the method that in independent claims, illustrates have been realized by the measure of mentioning in the dependent claims.
So, for example before reaching the dew point end, target temperature is kept constant.Yet the present invention is not limited to this.Also can change target temperature purely on principle, prerequisite is that this target temperature moves in greater than activationary temperature and the scope less than caloric impact temperature.
Preferably after reaching the dew point end, make sensor in temperature operation corresponding to nominal temperature.
By the important precondition of method of the present invention is the temperature of detecting sensor accurately.Preferably by direct temperature survey or indirect temperature survey, especially the internal resistance by the survey sensor circuit or the electric current heater current of sensor (below abbreviate as) are determined the temperature of sensor.By two measurement parameters: the internal resistance of sensor and/or the heater current of sensor, can accurately determine the temperature of sensor and the especially sensor element of sensor or the temperature of probe member.
Temperature by detecting sensor and/or determine by the special reaction of detecting sensor signal that activationary temperature, this sensor signal can be inferred and reach activationary temperature is proposed according to the favourable design proposal by method of the present invention.As the special reaction of sensor signal, for example consider the deviation or the analogue of probe voltage and " equilibrium position ".
In case in this automobile, there is vehicle-mounted voltage, in the time of just can directly aspect electric, can using sensor, just for example when start-uping a car internal combustion engine, trigger the monitoring sensor actuator temperature, perhaps begin to trigger this monitoring by initiating signal.For example can from the special behavior of sensor signal, derive initiating signal.For example can detect the activationary temperature that reaches 2 lambda sensors, only when probe voltage leaves the equilibrium position, just trigger measurement by the measuring probe internal resistance.Thus, the distortion minimization of the probe voltage signal that will cause owing to the polarization that measurement internal resistance in cold probe causes.
Relate to the heating of sensor and sensor element by the important feature of method of the present invention.This can carry out in the measure below one or more:
The heating work in-control time especially distributes by constant heating power or according to the heating power of time and realizes
-realize the pre-heating work of controlling according to the condition of work that can provide in advance
The heating work of-adjusting temperature.
Particularly advantageously propose, when trying to achieve sensor temperature, can consider to influence thermoregulator parameter, especially component tolerance or aging effect.This can particularly advantageously carry out by means of computer program, and this computer program in its institute that in operation on the computing machine, especially implements foregoing method on the opertaing device at internal combustion engine during operation in steps.
Do not needing extra hardware in order to implement described method, but, described method can be installed on the automobile of existence yet for example with after the mechanism's detected temperatures and heating sensor element that have existed.Advantageously propose for this reason, program code is kept on the computer program, for example on CD-ROM, DVD, outside flash memory or the analog or be kept on other outside storage medium.The program of the described method of representative can be input in the opertaing device software in the automobile that exists by this way, and install this method to a certain extent additional thus.
Description of drawings
Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and explain in detail in the following description.
Wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically shows the structure of gas sensor (probe) together with the circuit that is used to move this gas sensor (probe);
Fig. 2 is by by the disclosed probe temperature about the time that is used to move the method for sensor of prior art;
Fig. 3 is by being used to move the probe temperature about the time of the method for sensor by disclosed another of prior art; And
The probe temperature that Fig. 4 schematically showed about the time is used to explain the method that is used to move sensor by of the present invention.
Embodiment
The sensor that following basis is configured to wide band oxygen sensor makes an explanation to the present invention.Here should emphasize, the present invention is not restricted to this, but also can be applied in other probe type, detector or the similar device, especially also be used in two point probes that are also referred to as mutant probe (Sprungsonden) and other uses in the sensor of stupalith.
In the sensor of material, there is the danger of the thermal shock of the described type of beginning, because structure can be damaged by the mechanical stress of introducing easily in the material of pottery or similar pottery with pottery or similar pottery.So, for example not simultaneously owing to local temperature variation causes very big mechanical stress, this mechanical stress can form until fracture that causes material or crackle in temperature in the longitudinal dilatation of material.
The sensor that Fig. 1 exemplarily shows the concentration that is used for determining the gaseous mixture gas componant in other words gas sensor 100 together with the device that is used to trigger 170 of attaching troops to a unit.This gas sensor 100 is designed to wide band oxygen sensor in this example.This wide band oxygen sensor comprises heating arrangement 160 in the main zone below, in the zone of centre, comprise can this special battery 140 and superincumbent zone in comprise pump battery 120.This pump battery 120 has opening 105 in the zone of central authorities, waste gas 10 arrives in the measurement space 130 of pump battery 120 by this opening.On the end of the outside of measurement space 130, arranged electrode 135,145, wherein Shang Mian electrode 135 is attached troops to a unit in the pump battery and has been formed interior pump electrode (IPE) 135, and the electrode 145 is wherein attached troops to a unit in can this special battery 140 and formed can nernst electrode (NE) 145.Pump battery 120 in the face of a side of waste gas has protective seam 110, in the internal placement of this protective seam electrode of a pump cell (APE) 125.Solid electrolyte extends between the electrode of a pump cell 125 of measurement space 130 and interior pump electrode 135, in the time of can having pump voltage on electrode 125,135 by this solid electrolyte oxygen is delivered in the measurement space 130 or from measurement space 130 to transport out.
Connecting other solid on pump battery 120, this solid has formed this special battery 140 of energy with reference gas chamber 150.In reference gas chamber 150, arranged reference electrode (RE) 155 in the face of pump battery 120.The voltage that occurs between reference electrode 155 and energy nernst electrode 145 in the measurement space 130 of pump battery 120 is corresponding to the energy nernst voltage.In the further extension of pottery, arranged heating arrangement 160 in the zone below.
Can prepare the oxygen reference gas in advance in the reference gas chamber 150 of this special battery 140.Regulate oxygen concentration by the pump electric current I _ pump that flows through pump electrode 125 and 135 in measurement space, this oxygen concentration is corresponding to the concentration of λ=1 in the measurement space 130.By flip flop equipment in other words opertaing device 170 come Control current and analyze can nernst voltage.At this, exist on the operational amplifier 174 witness mark electrodes 155 can nernst voltage and this voltage and reference voltage U_ref compared, reference voltage typically is approximately 450mV.When having deviation, operational amplifier 174 is given pump battery 120 load pump electric current I _ pump by resistance 172 and pump electrode 125,135.Inside at opertaing device 170, arranged temperature set mechanism 180 in the electrical lead that leads to heating arrangement 160, this temperature set mechanism is set the voltage that exists on the heating arrangement 160 and the also temperature of setting sensor 100 indirectly thus in the mode that is suitable for moving lambda sensor.At this, come heating sensor 100 in the mode that describes below.
In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, illustrated by the disclosed heating strategy of prior art.Fig. 4 shows by heating strategy of the present invention.
In Fig. 2 to 4, schematically show probe temperature T respectively about time t SondeAt this, continuous T1 represents activationary temperature, and T3 represents caloric impact temperature, and T4 represents that nominal temperature and T5 represent the shock resistance temperature.Represent target temperature with T2, this target temperature be interpreted as heating strategy by method of the present invention with interrelating, as schematically illustrated in Fig. 4.
As shown in Figure 2, according to by the disclosed heating strategy of prior art, at first before reaching dew point end TPE, just in waste gas, occur can condensation on the cold surface of gas exhaust piping water vapor the time, probe 100 is heated to the temperature lower than the activationary temperature T1 of probe.This is schematically illustrated according to lines 210 in Fig. 2.Can not assert exhaust gas constituents in this zone, because do not reach activationary temperature T1, this activationary temperature of subsistence level is used to make solid electrolyte conduct oxygen ions and this activationary temperature to be approximately 350 ℃.Only when reaching dew point end TPE, when that is to say the cold lip-deep water vapor that gas exhaust piping in guaranteeing waste gas, do not occur to condense upon, just probe is heated to nominal temperature T 4, this name temperature is usually between 650 ℃ and 850 ℃, here by lines 220 explanations.The shortcoming of this method is, energy measurement exhaust gas constituents not before reaching dew point end TPE.
In order to shorten this time period, be provided with another kind ofly by DE 10 2,006 012 476A1 disclosed methods, this method makes an explanation in conjunction with Fig. 3 below, and probe 100 is heated to temperature T below the activationary temperature T1 SondeOnly used than reaching remarkable shorter time t of dew point end TPE time before AThen probe 100 is heated to shock resistance temperature T 5.Probe 100 remains on this temperature, and up to reaching dew point end TPE, this describes by lines 320.After reaching dew point end TPE, sensor 100 is adjusted to nominal temperature T 4, in Fig. 3, illustrate by lines 330.The method of using after the condensate water that may deposit in the heating sensor element has been utilized so-called Leiden Dan Frost effect: the surface of described sensor element is so hot when shock resistance temperature T 5, thereby has spontaneously formed steam blanket between water droplet and sensor surface.Thus, water droplet is surface in contact and only transmit so little hot-fluid not, makes probe 100 can not damage.The advantage of this method is, even also can be with probe 100 ready for operation very early in cold internal combustion engine.Yet the precondition of implementing this method is that the heating power of probe 100 is enough high on the one hand, thereby reaches shock resistance temperature T 5 reliably, and probe 100 can carry out work not impairedly when shock resistance temperature T 5.On the other hand, the known protection tube that can surround sensor 100 and surround sensor 100 usually must be awfully hot equally, thereby bears Leiden Dan Frost effect.Otherwise, the evaporation of water droplet can cause water vapor to squeeze waste gas in the protection tube and can not determine exhaust gas constituents thus.
Describe by method of the present invention in conjunction with Fig. 4 now, this method has been eliminated shortcoming recited above, and in fact realized directly after cranking internal combustion engine, moving probe 100, or rather by this way, promptly in fact can directly after cranking internal combustion engine, detect exhaust gas constituents, and will not be heated to shock resistance temperature T 5 by probe 100, and needn't before reaching dew point end TPE, wait for the long time in order to implement to measure.
As shown in Figure 4, be called the temperature T 2 of target temperature below probe 100 being heated to, this temperature is greater than activationary temperature T1, still less than caloric impact temperature T3 for this reason.As schematically illustrated according to lines 410 in Fig. 4, before reaching dew point end TPE, it is constant that described temperature preferably keeps.If reach dew point end TPE, so probe 100 is heated to nominal temperature T 4, in Fig. 4, pass through lines 420 explanations.The bigger advantage of this method is can detect exhaust gas constituents in fact from the beginning, because probe 100 is heated to the temperature of one side greater than activationary temperature T1.Prevent from simultaneously to damage probe 100, because target temperature T2 is on the other hand also less than caloric impact temperature T3 by condensate water.For example do not need in addition to apply at and when according to method that Fig. 3 explain being heated to shock resistance temperature T 5 bigger heating power disclosed according to prior art.
Can use diverse ways in order to regulate target temperature T2.Can carry out heating work to the control time on the one hand, for example use constant heating power or depend on that the heating power of time distributes, and can be provided with the heating work of pre-control in addition according to condition of work.Can regulate the heating work of temperature.Also can realize the combination of these three flexible programs in addition.
According to current probe temperature T SondeControl or adjusting heating.Need to detect this temperature T for this reason SondeProbe or sensor temperature T SondeDetection can realize by direct temperature survey or by indirect temperature survey, for example under the situation of lambda sensor, realize by measuring probe internal resistance or heater current.Heat if not control time ground, so advantageously, monitoring activationary temperature T1 reaches.For this reason, for example be suitable for following method step:
A) discern by direct temperature survey;
B) discern by indirect temperature survey, for example under the situation of lambda sensor, pass through measuring probe internal resistance or heater current;
C) discern by the special reaction of sensor signal, for example the deviation of probe voltage and " equilibrium position ".
Preferred directly aspect electric, can use corresponding measuring-signal the time and thus in fact directly cranking internal combustion engine after triggering to the monitoring of current probe temperature or reach activationary temperature T1.
Scheme also can just trigger monitoring by the special behavior of sensor signal as an alternative.When too early monitoring has a negative impact to probe signals, especially can be this situation.The activationary temperature T of 2 lambda sensors for example SondeBe able to detect by the measuring probe internal resistance, this measurement only just triggers when probe voltage leaves the equilibrium position.Thus, the distortion minimization of the probe voltage signal that will cause owing to the polarization that measurement internal resistance in cold probe causes.
Alternatively, can consider to influence the component tolerance of target temperature T2 adjustment or influence the parameter that target temperature T2 regulates by adjust described parameter with reference value.So, for example can when the internal resistance measurement temperature by sensor 100 indirectly, consider internal resistance aging of lambda sensor.Preferably in the stabilization sub stage, for example the time adjust in idle running.Example for this is:
A) try to achieve in the operation phase and consider matching value indirectly at the hot machine of internal combustion engine;
B) consider the matching value try to achieve ahead of time and preserve.
Especially also can consider after reaching nominal temperature T 4 matching value of in the cycle of travelling early, trying to achieve.In addition, can use described two method features a) and b) combination.
Foregoing method for example can realize on the computing equipment, especially realize and operation there on the opertaing device 170 at internal combustion engine as computer program.Program code can be kept on the machine-readable carrier containing, and opertaing device 170 can be read this carrier.Can not need extra hardware, for example " install " this method when extra probe, sensor and similar device without a doubt additional in described method by this way.

Claims (11)

1. the sensor (100) that is used for moving sensor (100), makes by stupalith in particular for operation, be used for determining the method for sensor of the exhaust gas constituents of car combustion engine waste gas especially for operation, it is characterized in that, before described sensor (100) is heated to greater than activationary temperature (T1) and less than the target temperature (T2) of caloric impact temperature (T3) reaching the dew point end (TPE).
2. by the described method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, before described target temperature (T2) is kept constant reaching the described dew point end (TPE).
3. by claim 1 or 2 described methods, it is characterized in that, after reaching the described dew point end, make described sensor (100) in temperature operation corresponding to nominal temperature (T4).
4. by each described method in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, by direct temperature survey or by indirect temperature survey, especially temperature (the T of described sensor (100) is determined and especially monitored to the heater current of the internal resistance by measuring described sensor (100) and/or described sensor (100) Sonde).
5. by each described method in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that, by detecting the temperature (T of described sensor (100) Sonde) and/or determine to reach described activationary temperature (T1) by the special reaction of detecting sensor signal, this sensor signal can be inferred and arrives described activationary temperature (T1).
6. by claim 4 or 5 described methods, it is characterized in that, begin to trigger in the time of aspect electric, can using sensor (100) or by initiating signal described sensor temperature (T Sonde) monitoring.
7. by the described method of claim 6, it is characterized in that, provide described initiating signal according to the internal resistance of described sensor (100).
8. by each described method in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that the temperature (T that described sensor (100) is heated to Sonde) by one in the following measure or the combination realize:
The heating work in-control time especially distributes by constant heating power or according to the heating power of time and realizes
The heating work that the condition of work that-basis can provide is in advance controlled in advance
The heating work of-adjusting temperature.
9. by each described method in the aforesaid right requirement, it is characterized in that, at the temperature (T that tries to achieve described sensor (100) Sonde) time consider the described temperature (T of influence Sonde) parameter, especially component tolerance or the aging effect of adjusting.
10. computer program, this computer program moves on computing equipment, especially implements when the opertaing device (170) of internal combustion engine is gone up operation by the institute of each described method in the claim 1 to 9 in steps at it.
11. have the computer program of program code, this program code is kept on the machine-readable carrier containing, is used for implementing by each described method of claim 1 to 9 when the opertaing device (170) of computing machine or automobile is gone up operation in program.
CN201010502117.1A 2009-10-06 2010-09-30 Method for operating sensor Active CN102033093B (en)

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DE102009045367.9 2009-10-06
DE102009045367A DE102009045367A1 (en) 2009-10-06 2009-10-06 Method for operating broadband lambda sensor for determining composition of exhaust gas in internal combustion engine of motor vehicle, involves controlling temperature of sensor by measuring internal resistance and/or heat flow of sensor

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US20170292433A1 (en) * 2016-04-11 2017-10-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control system of exhaust sensor
CN113107656A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-13 东风商用车有限公司 Dew point passing identification method of Nox sensor

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011007447A1 (en) * 2011-04-15 2012-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating at least one sensor element

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US7526914B2 (en) * 2005-11-18 2009-05-05 Denso Corporation Heater control device for gas sensor

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KR100427291B1 (en) * 2001-12-10 2004-04-14 현대자동차주식회사 Method of controlling feedback for o2 sensor heater in a vehicle
US7526914B2 (en) * 2005-11-18 2009-05-05 Denso Corporation Heater control device for gas sensor
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170292433A1 (en) * 2016-04-11 2017-10-12 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control system of exhaust sensor
US10753262B2 (en) * 2016-04-11 2020-08-25 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control system of exhaust sensor
CN113107656A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-07-13 东风商用车有限公司 Dew point passing identification method of Nox sensor
CN113107656B (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-05-03 东风商用车有限公司 Dew point passing identification method of Nox sensor

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FR2950973A1 (en) 2011-04-08
DE102009045367A1 (en) 2011-04-07
IT1401161B1 (en) 2013-07-12
FR2950973B1 (en) 2018-02-09
CN102033093B (en) 2015-04-01

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