CN102023249A - Method for performing preventive test without detaching high-voltage lead of 220-kV zinc oxide arrestor - Google Patents
Method for performing preventive test without detaching high-voltage lead of 220-kV zinc oxide arrestor Download PDFInfo
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- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229960001296 zinc oxide Drugs 0.000 claims 14
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种220kV氧化锌避雷器不拆高压引线的预试方法，属测量领域。其方案为将氧化锌避雷器上节的引线接地；用直流发生器通过一个高压微安表在上节氧化锌避雷器的底部加直流高压；高压微安表经屏蔽线与上节氧化锌避雷器连接；断开下节氧化锌避雷器的底部与在线检测仪的连接；下节氧化锌避雷器的底部通过微安表接地；读取低压侧微安表的电流读数I2获得下节避雷器的泄漏电流值；读取高压微安表的电流读数I，再减去低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，获得上节避雷器的泄漏电流值。无需拆除氧化锌避雷器的高压引线即可进行预防性试验，既简单易行，又能保证试验误差，节省了人力、物力，减少了停电检修时间，提高了试验工作效率。
The invention relates to a pretest method for a 220kV zinc oxide arrester without removing the high-voltage lead wire, which belongs to the field of measurement. The scheme is to ground the lead wire of the upper section of the zinc oxide arrester; use a DC generator to apply a DC high voltage to the bottom of the upper zinc oxide arrester through a high-voltage micro-ampere meter; connect the high-voltage micro-ampere meter to the upper zinc oxide arrester through a shielded wire; Disconnect the connection between the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester of the next section and the online detector; the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester of the next section is grounded through the microammeter; read the current reading I2 of the microammeter on the low voltage side to obtain the leakage current value of the arrester of the next section; Read the current reading I of the high-voltage microammeter, and then subtract the current reading I 2 of the low-voltage side microammeter to obtain the leakage current value of the arrester in the previous section. The preventive test can be carried out without removing the high-voltage lead wire of the zinc oxide arrester, which is simple and easy, and can ensure the test error, saves manpower and material resources, reduces the time for power outage maintenance, and improves the test work efficiency.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于测量领域，尤其涉及一种用于高压设备的预试方法。The invention belongs to the field of measurement, in particular to a pretest method for high-voltage equipment.
背景技术Background technique
变配电系统中大量采用各种大型的高压装置/设备，需要定期对这些高压装置/设备进行预防性试验(简称预试)，测试其各种电气性能指标是否合格，以确保整个系统的安全、稳定运行。A large number of large-scale high-voltage devices/equipment are used in the power transformation and distribution system. Regular preventive tests (referred to as pre-tests) are required for these high-voltage devices/equipment to test whether their various electrical performance indicators are qualified to ensure the safety of the entire system. ,Stable operation.
为确保试验结果的准确可靠，剔除其他设备对被试验设备的关联影响，同时也为了确保周边设备、人员的安全，通常在对高压装置/设备进行预防性试验时，需要拆除其相关的高压引线，使得被测设备与其周边设备形成电路连接关系上的“断开”和“绝缘”。In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results, to eliminate the influence of other equipment on the tested equipment, and to ensure the safety of peripheral equipment and personnel, it is usually necessary to remove the relevant high-voltage leads when conducting preventive tests on high-voltage devices/equipment , so that the device under test and its peripheral devices form a "disconnection" and "insulation" on the circuit connection relationship.
拆除高压引线需要用升降车、吊车，工作量大，拆接时间长，耗资大，且对人身及设备安全均构成一定威胁。Removing the high-voltage lead wires requires the use of lift trucks and cranes. The workload is heavy, the disconnection time is long, the cost is high, and it poses a certain threat to personal and equipment safety.
为提高了试验工作效率，节省人力、物力，减少停电时间，更好地保障了人身及设备安全，在实际电力检修/试验工作中，正在探索不拆高压引线，对各种高压设备/装置进行预防性试验的方法。In order to improve the efficiency of the test work, save manpower and material resources, reduce power outage time, and better protect the safety of people and equipment, in the actual power maintenance/test work, it is being explored to test various high-voltage equipment/devices without removing the high-voltage leads. Methods of preventive testing.
由于不拆引线进行预防性试验，通常是在变电所电力设备部分停电的状况下进行，将会遇到电场干扰强，测试数据易失真，连接在一起的各种电力设备互相干扰、制约等一系列问题。Because the preventive test is carried out without removing the lead wires, it is usually carried out under the condition of partial power failure of the power equipment in the substation. It will encounter strong electric field interference, easy distortion of test data, and mutual interference and restriction of various power equipment connected together. series of questions.
为此，必须解决以下难题：For this, the following challenges must be solved:
(1)确定一个与被试设备相连的其他设备均能耐受施加的试验电压；(1) Determine that other equipment connected to the equipment under test can withstand the applied test voltage;
(2)保证被试设备在有其他设备并联的情况下，测量精度不受影响；(2) Ensure that the measurement accuracy of the tested equipment is not affected when other equipment is connected in parallel;
(3)采用抗强电场干扰的试验接线。(3) Use test wiring that is resistant to strong electric field interference.
所以针对以上难题，必须制定一套合理的试验/接线方法，来解决以上提出的难题，既简单易行，又能保证试验误差。Therefore, in view of the above problems, it is necessary to formulate a set of reasonable test/wiring methods to solve the above problems, which is simple and easy to implement, and can ensure the test error.
氧化锌避雷器预试的最主要项目是测量直流1mA电压(U1mA)及0.75U1mA下的泄漏电流。The most important item of zinc oxide surge arrester pre-test is to measure the leakage current under DC 1mA voltage (U 1mA ) and 0.75U 1mA .
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种220kV氧化锌避雷器不拆高压引线的预试方法，其无需拆除氧化锌避雷器的高压引线，节省了人力、物力，减少了停电检修时间，提高了试验工作效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pre-test method for a 220kV zinc oxide arrester without removing the high-voltage lead wire, which does not need to remove the high-voltage lead wire of the zinc oxide arrester, which saves manpower and material resources, reduces power-off maintenance time, and improves the test work. efficiency.
本发明的技术方案是：提供一种220kV氧化锌避雷器不拆高压引线的预试方法，包括分为上、下两节的氧化锌避雷器，其特征是：The technical solution of the present invention is: provide a kind of pre-test method of 220kV zinc oxide arrester without removing the high-voltage lead wire, including the zinc oxide arrester divided into upper and lower sections, characterized in that:
将氧化锌避雷器上节的引线通过接地刀闸或临时接地线接地；Ground the lead wire of the upper section of the zinc oxide arrester through the grounding switch or temporary grounding wire;
用直流发生器通过一个高压微安表在上节氧化锌避雷器的底部加直流高压；Use a DC generator to add DC high voltage to the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through a high-voltage microammeter;
所述的高压微安表经过屏蔽线与上节氧化锌避雷器连接；The high-voltage microammeter is connected to the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through a shielded wire;
断开下节氧化锌避雷器的底部与在线检测仪的连接；Disconnect the connection between the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the next section and the online detector;
下节氧化锌避雷器的底部通过微安表接地；The bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the next section is grounded through a microammeter;
通过读取低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，来获得下节避雷器的泄漏电流值；Obtain the leakage current value of the arrester in the next section by reading the current reading I 2 of the microammeter on the low-voltage side;
通过读取高压微安表的电流读数I，再减去低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，来获得上节避雷器的泄漏电流值。By reading the current reading I of the high-voltage microammeter and subtracting the current reading I 2 of the low-voltage side microammeter, the leakage current value of the arrester in the previous section can be obtained.
进一步的，其直流发生器通过屏蔽线与高压微安表和上节氧化锌避雷器的底部连接。Further, its DC generator is connected to the high-voltage microammeter and the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through shielded wires.
具体的，所述高压微安表的读数I为上、下两节避雷器的电流之和，即高压微安表的读数I＝上节避雷器的电流I1+下节避雷器的电流I2。Specifically, the reading I of the high-voltage microammeter is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower arresters, that is, the reading I of the high-voltage microammeter=the current I 1 of the upper arrester+the current I 2 of the lower arrester.
当所述高压微安表的电流读数I-下节避雷器的电流读数I2＝1mA时，直流发生器的直流输出电压值即为上节避雷器的U1mA值。When the current reading I of the high-voltage microammeter-the current reading I 2 of the arrester in the lower section=1mA, the DC output voltage value of the DC generator is the U 1mA value of the arrester in the upper section.
当所述的下节避雷器的电流读数I2＝1mA时，直流发生器的直流输出电压值即为下节避雷器的U1mA值。When the current reading of the lightning arrester in the lower section is I 2 =1mA, the DC output voltage value of the DC generator is the U 1mA value of the arrester in the lower section.
当所述直流发生器的输出电压为75％U1mA时，上节避雷器的电流读数I1＝高压微安表的读数I-下节避雷器的电流读数I2，此读数即为上节避雷器的泄漏电流值。When the output voltage of the DC generator is 75% U 1mA , the current reading I 1 of the upper arrester=the reading I of the high voltage microammeter-the current reading I 2 of the lower arrester, this reading is the value of the upper arrester leakage current value.
当所述的直流发生器的输出电压为75％U1mA时，下节避雷器的电流读数I2，即为下节避雷器的泄漏电流值。When the output voltage of the DC generator is 75% U 1mA , the current reading I 2 of the arrester in the lower section is the leakage current value of the arrester in the lower section.
与现有技术比较，本发明的优点是：Compared with prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
无需拆除氧化锌避雷器的高压引线即可进行预防性试验，既简单易行，又能保证试验误差，节省了人力、物力，减少了停电检修时间，提高了试验工作效率。The preventive test can be carried out without removing the high-voltage lead wire of the zinc oxide arrester, which is simple and easy, and can ensure the test error, saves manpower and material resources, reduces the time for power outage maintenance, and improves the test work efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的方法示意框图；Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the method of the present invention;
图2是本发明连接线路示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection circuit of the present invention.
图中1为上节避雷器，2为下节避雷器，3为屏蔽线，DC为直流发生器，mA1为高压微安表，mA2为低压侧微安表，J为在线检测仪。In the figure, 1 is the upper section lightning arrester, 2 is the lower section lightning arrester, 3 is the shielded wire, DC is the direct current generator, mA1 is the high voltage microammeter, mA2 is the low voltage side microammeter, and J is the online detector.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
图1中，本方法至少包括下列步骤：Among Fig. 1, this method comprises the following steps at least:
将氧化锌避雷器上节的引线通过接地刀闸或临时接地线接地；Ground the lead wire of the upper section of the zinc oxide arrester through the grounding switch or temporary grounding wire;
用直流发生器通过一个高压微安表在上节氧化锌避雷器的底部加直流高压；Use a DC generator to add DC high voltage to the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through a high-voltage microammeter;
所述的高压微安表经过屏蔽线与上节氧化锌避雷器连接；The high-voltage microammeter is connected to the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through a shielded wire;
断开下节氧化锌避雷器的底部与在线检测仪的连接；Disconnect the connection between the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the next section and the online detector;
下节氧化锌避雷器的底部通过微安表接地；The bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the next section is grounded through a microammeter;
通过读取低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，来获得下节避雷器的泄漏电流值；Obtain the leakage current value of the arrester in the next section by reading the current reading I 2 of the microammeter on the low-voltage side;
通过读取高压微安表的电流读数I，再减去低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，来获得上节避雷器的泄漏电流值。By reading the current reading I of the high-voltage microammeter and subtracting the current reading I 2 of the low-voltage side microammeter, the leakage current value of the arrester in the previous section can be obtained.
图2中给出了本方法的连接线路示意图。A schematic diagram of the connection circuit of the method is shown in FIG. 2 .
由图可知，上节氧化锌避雷器1的引线通过接地刀闸或临时接地线接地，直流发生器DC通过一个高压微安表mA1与上节氧化锌避雷器的底部连接，对其施加直流高压；下节氧化锌避雷器2的底部与在线检测仪J的连接在连接片处被断开(图中以两个不相连的圆圈表示)；下节氧化锌避雷器2的底部通过低压侧微安表mA2接地；高压微安表mA1经过屏蔽线3与上节氧化锌避雷器连接。It can be seen from the figure that the lead wire of the zinc oxide arrester 1 in the upper section is grounded through the grounding switch or a temporary grounding wire, and the DC generator DC is connected to the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the upper section through a high-voltage microampere meter mA1, and DC high voltage is applied to it; The connection between the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester 2 and the online detector J is disconnected at the connecting piece (indicated by two unconnected circles in the figure); the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester 2 in the next section is grounded through the low-voltage side microampere mA2 ; The high-voltage microammeter mA1 is connected to the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through the shielding wire 3 .
预试时，通过读取低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，来获得下节避雷器的泄漏电流值。During the pre-test, the leakage current value of the arrester in the next section can be obtained by reading the current reading I 2 of the microammeter on the low-voltage side.
通过读取高压微安表的电流读数I，再减去低压侧微安表的电流读数I2，来获得上节避雷器的泄漏电流值。By reading the current reading I of the high-voltage microammeter and subtracting the current reading I 2 of the low-voltage side microammeter, the leakage current value of the arrester in the previous section can be obtained.
进一步的，其直流发生器通过屏蔽线与高压微安表和上节氧化锌避雷器的底部连接。Further, its DC generator is connected to the high-voltage microammeter and the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the previous section through shielded wires.
具体的，所述高压微安表的读数I为上、下两节避雷器的电流之和，即高压微安表的读数I＝上节避雷器的电流I1+下节避雷器的电流I2。Specifically, the reading I of the high-voltage microammeter is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower arresters, that is, the reading I of the high-voltage microammeter=the current I 1 of the upper arrester+the current I 2 of the lower arrester.
当所述高压微安表的电流读数I-下节避雷器的电流读数I2＝1mA时，直流发生器的直流输出电压值即为上节避雷器的U1mA值。When the current reading I of the high-voltage microammeter-the current reading I 2 of the arrester in the lower section=1mA, the DC output voltage value of the DC generator is the U 1mA value of the arrester in the upper section.
当所述的下节避雷器的电流读数I2＝1mA时，直流发生器的直流输出电压值即为下节避雷器的U1mA值。When the current reading of the lightning arrester in the lower section is I 2 =1mA, the DC output voltage value of the DC generator is the U 1mA value of the arrester in the lower section.
当所述直流发生器的输出电压为75％U1mA时，上节避雷器的电流读数I1＝高压微安表的读数I-下节避雷器的电流读数I2，此读数即为上节避雷器的泄漏电流值。When the output voltage of the DC generator is 75% U 1mA , the current reading I 1 of the upper arrester=the reading I of the high voltage microammeter-the current reading I 2 of the lower arrester, this reading is the value of the upper arrester leakage current value.
当所述的直流发生器的输出电压为75％U1mA时，下节避雷器的电流读数I2，即为下节避雷器的泄漏电流值。When the output voltage of the DC generator is 75% U 1mA , the current reading I 2 of the arrester in the lower section is the leakage current value of the arrester in the lower section.
220kV氧化锌避雷器的预防性试验，主要针对直流试验。当进行不拆线试验时，氧化锌避雷器顶部的引线通过接地刀闸或临时接地线接地，因此在氧化锌避雷器顶部无法接微安表。The preventive test of 220kV zinc oxide arrester is mainly for DC test. When conducting the test without removing the wires, the lead wire at the top of the zinc oxide arrester is grounded through the grounding switch or temporary ground wire, so the microammeter cannot be connected to the top of the zinc oxide arrester.
试验时，用直流发生器通过一个高压微安表在上节氧化锌避雷器的底部加直流高压，并且断开下节氧化锌避雷器的底部和在线检测仪的连接，并通过微安表接地。During the test, use a DC generator to apply DC high voltage to the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the upper section through a high-voltage microammeter, and disconnect the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester in the lower section from the online detector, and ground it through the microammeter.
由于微安表内阻很小，氧化锌避雷器底部支持瓷瓶的绝缘电阻很大，所以低压侧微安表的读数I2可以认为是下节避雷器的泄漏电流。Since the internal resistance of the microammeter is very small, the insulation resistance of the ceramic bottle supported at the bottom of the zinc oxide arrester is very large, so the reading I 2 of the microammeter on the low-voltage side can be regarded as the leakage current of the arrester in the next section.
上、下两节避雷器是并联的，因此高压微安表的读数I为上下两节避雷器的电流之和，即I＝I1+I2。根据基尔霍夫定律，上节避雷器的泄漏电流I1＝I-I2。The upper and lower lightning arresters are connected in parallel, so the reading I of the high-voltage microammeter is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower lightning arresters, that is, I=I 1 +I 2 . According to Kirchhoff's law, the leakage current I 1 =II 2 of the arrester in the above section.
试验时应监视高压侧微安表，因为在此时高压侧微安表流经的电流I为上下两节避雷器的电流之和，即I＝I1+I2。一般上下两节避雷器的U1mA不相等，当直流发生器电压升到U1mA时，其中一节避雷器的泄漏电流由于非线性电阻伏安特性将大大超过1mA，此时试验回路高压侧电流可能超过仪器额定时而发生意外。During the test, the micro-ammeter on the high-voltage side should be monitored, because the current I flowing through the micro-ammeter on the high-voltage side is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower arresters, that is, I=I 1 +I 2 . Generally, the U 1mA of the upper and lower sections of the arrester is not equal. When the voltage of the DC generator rises to U 1mA , the leakage current of one section of the arrester will greatly exceed 1mA due to the volt-ampere characteristics of the nonlinear resistance. At this time, the current at the high-voltage side of the test circuit may exceed Instruments are rated by accident.
因此要控制微安表的电流I不能超出直流发生器的额定值，如发现I值接近输出电流的额定值，而(I-I2)或I2还没有到1mA时，应停止试验，检查接线及表记情况，如无其它异常情况，应拆除一次引线进行常规法试验。Therefore, it is necessary to control the current I of the microammeter to not exceed the rated value of the DC generator. If the I value is found to be close to the rated value of the output current, but (II 2 ) or I 2 has not reached 1mA, the test should be stopped and the wiring and wiring should be checked. If there is no other abnormal situation, the primary lead wire should be removed for conventional test.
采用不拆高压引线试验方法测量氧化锌避雷器时，高压引线对地存在杂散电流，该杂散电流流过高压微安表，又由于高压引线有一定的长度，所以高压引线对地的杂散电流不可忽略。试验时，显然由于杂散电流的存在，使测得的U1mA偏小和I0.75U1mA偏大，影响对试验数据的判断。因此可用屏蔽线作为高压引线以减少高压引线对地的杂散电流。另外，氧化锌避雷器本体对地的杂散电流也流过微安表，给试验数据带来误差。但实践证明，氧化锌避雷器本体对地的杂散电流产生的误差很小。When the zinc oxide arrester is measured by the test method without removing the high-voltage lead wire, there is a stray current between the high-voltage lead wire and the ground, and the stray current flows through the high-voltage microammeter, and because the high-voltage lead wire has a certain length, the stray current between the high-voltage lead wire and the ground current cannot be ignored. During the test, obviously due to the existence of stray current, the measured U 1mA is too small and I 0.75U1mA is too large, which affects the judgment of the test data. Therefore, the shielded wire can be used as a high-voltage lead to reduce the stray current of the high-voltage lead to the ground. In addition, the stray current of the zinc oxide arrester body to the ground also flows through the microammeter, which brings errors to the test data. But practice has proved that the error caused by the stray current of the zinc oxide arrester body to the ground is very small.
注意事项：Precautions:
1.进行下节避雷器试验时，因考虑到上、下节避雷器直流电流的非线性因素及电流的临界点不同，注意回路总电流不能超过直流发生器的电流额定值，一般选择直流发生器的输出电流应大于3mA。1. When conducting the test of the arrester in the lower section, due to consideration of the non-linear factors of the direct current of the arrester in the upper and lower sections and the difference in the critical point of the current, the total current of the circuit should not exceed the current rating of the DC generator, and the DC generator is generally selected. The output current should be greater than 3mA.
2.与环境湿度大或避雷器表面污秽的影响，在试验前应对避雷器表面进行清洁，如果空气湿度大，应对避雷器表面进行屏蔽试验。2. Due to the influence of high ambient humidity or dirty surface of the arrester, the surface of the arrester should be cleaned before the test. If the air humidity is high, the surface of the arrester should be shielded.
3.试验时，考虑高压引线电晕影响，高压引线应使用屏蔽线，尽可能缩短高压引线长度，并考虑引线与被试品的角度等。3. During the test, consider the corona effect of the high-voltage lead wire, use shielded wires for the high-voltage lead wire, shorten the length of the high-voltage lead wire as much as possible, and consider the angle between the lead wire and the tested product.
由于本技术方案无需拆除氧化锌避雷器的高压引线即可进行预防性试验，既简单易行，又能保证试验误差，节省了人力、物力，减少了停电检修时间，提高了试验工作效率，达到了本申请的发明目的。Since this technical solution does not need to remove the high-voltage lead wire of the zinc oxide arrester, the preventive test can be carried out. The purpose of the invention of this application.
本发明可广泛用于高压避雷器的定期试验领域。The invention can be widely used in the field of periodic testing of high-voltage arresters.
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