CN104049161A - Testing connecting structure and testing method for substation field lightning arrester without demounting primary high-voltage lead - Google Patents
Testing connecting structure and testing method for substation field lightning arrester without demounting primary high-voltage lead Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种变电所现场避雷器不拆一次高压引线的试验连接结构及试验方法，所述的避雷器至少由上节避雷器和下节避雷器相互串联而成，所述的试验连接结构包括一串接在上节避雷器和下节避雷器之间连接点的直流高压发生器和在上节避雷器上端接地线和下节避雷器下端接地线，在所述直流高压发生器连接上节避雷器和下节避雷器之间连接点的连接线上串接有一高压端微安表；而在所述下节避雷器的下端接地线上串接有一接地微安表；上述主要用于避雷器下节测量；在进行避雷器上节测量时，所述的下节避雷器的下端与接地微安表之间还串接有一节能支撑起始动作电压的支撑避雷器；它对提高安全生产、提高设备的可靠运行和对提高工作效能有很大的帮助。
A test connection structure and test method for an on-site lightning arrester in a substation without removing the primary high-voltage lead wire. The lightning arrester is at least composed of an upper lightning arrester and a lower lightning arrester connected in series. The DC high voltage generator at the connection point between the arrester and the arrester of the lower section and the grounding wire at the upper end of the arrester at the upper section and the grounding wire at the lower end of the arrester at the lower section, and the connection point between the arrester at the upper section and the arrester at the lower section. A high-voltage end microammeter is connected in series on the connecting line; and a grounding microammeter is connected in series on the lower grounding wire of the arrester; the above is mainly used for the measurement of the lower section of the arrester; when measuring the upper section of the arrester, An energy-saving support arrester supporting the initial operating voltage is also connected in series between the lower end of the arrester in the lower section and the grounding microammeter; it is of great help to improve safety in production, improve the reliable operation of equipment, and improve work efficiency .
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种变电所现场220kV氧化物避雷器不拆一次高压引线试验连接结构及试验方法，属于电力系统变电设备高压电气试验技术领域。The invention relates to a connection structure and a test method for a 220kV oxide arrester in a substation without dismantling a high-voltage lead wire test, and belongs to the technical field of high-voltage electrical testing of power system substation equipment.
背景技术Background technique
金属氧化物避雷器的预防性试验是定周期在停电状态下对设备进行检查试验。一般是拆除一次高压引线，从上至下依次逐节进行试验。The preventive test of the metal oxide arrester is to check and test the equipment in the power failure state at regular intervals. Generally, the high-voltage lead wire is removed once, and the test is carried out section by section from top to bottom.
金属氧化物避雷器的预防性试验是定周期在停电状态下对设备进行检查试验。一般是拆除一次高压引线，从上至下依次逐节进行试验。The preventive test of the metal oxide arrester is to check and test the equipment in the power failure state at regular intervals. Generally, the high-voltage lead wire is removed once, and the test is carried out section by section from top to bottom.
测量直流1mA电压(U1mA)及75％U1mA下的泄漏电流试验，上节避雷器测量直流1mA电压(U1mA)及75％U1mA下的泄漏电流试验示意图如图1所示。Measure the leakage current test under DC 1mA voltage (U1mA) and 75% U1mA, and the schematic diagram of the leakage current test under the measurement of DC 1mA voltage (U1mA) and 75% U1mA of the arrester in the previous section is shown in Figure 1.
上节测量时，A点经微安表接直流高压，B点接地。当直流试验电流经A点流入上节避雷器，并与接地点形成一个电流回路，当微安表显示为1mA时，此时直流高压电压即为上节避雷器直流U1mA电压；当电压降为75％U1mA时，泄漏电流为微安表的直接读数。When measuring in the previous section, point A is connected to DC high voltage through a microammeter, and point B is grounded. When the DC test current flows into the upper surge arrester through point A, and forms a current loop with the grounding point, when the microammeter shows 1mA, the DC high voltage voltage at this time is the DC U1mA voltage of the upper surge arrester; when the voltage drops to 75% When U1mA, the leakage current is the direct reading of the microammeter.
下节避雷器测量直流1mA电压(U1mA)及75％U1mA下的泄漏电流试验接线图如图2所示。Figure 2 shows the wiring diagram of the leakage current test for measuring DC 1mA voltage (U1mA) and 75% U1mA of the arrester in the next section.
下节测量时，B点经微安表接直流高压，C点接地，A点悬空。当直流试验电流经B点流入下节避雷器，因上节A点悬空，不能与直流试验电流形成回路，上节避雷器对试验数据的影响可以忽略不计，而直流试验电流只能与C点接地点形成一个电流回路。所以，当微安表显示为1mA时，此时直流高压电压即为下节避雷器直流U1mA电压；当电压降为75％U1mA时，泄漏电流为微安表的直接读数。When measuring in the next section, point B is connected to DC high voltage through a microammeter, point C is grounded, and point A is suspended. When the DC test current flows into the lower section arrester through point B, because point A of the upper section is suspended in the air, it cannot form a loop with the DC test current, and the influence of the upper section arrester on the test data can be ignored, while the DC test current can only be grounded with point C. form a current loop. Therefore, when the microammeter shows 1mA, the DC high voltage voltage at this time is the DC U1mA voltage of the arrester in the next section; when the voltage drops to 75% U1mA, the leakage current is the direct reading of the microammeter.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种在现场采用不拆一次引线进行试验，提高工作效率及安全的变电所现场避雷器不拆一次高压引线的试验连接结构及试验方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a test connection structure and test method for field surge arresters in substations without removing the primary high-voltage lead wires for testing on site without removing the primary lead wires and improving work efficiency and safety. .
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的，一种变电所现场避雷器不拆一次高压引线的试验连接结构，所述的避雷器至少由上节避雷器和下节避雷器相互串联而成，所述的试验连接结构包括一串接在上节避雷器和下节避雷器之间连接点的直流高压发生器和在上节避雷器上端接地线和下节避雷器下端接地线，在所述直流高压发生器连接上节避雷器和下节避雷器之间连接点的连接线上串接有一高压端微安表；而在所述下节避雷器的下端接地线上串接有一接地微安表。The object of the present invention is accomplished through the following technical scheme, a test connection structure of a substation field lightning arrester without removing the primary high-voltage lead wire, the described lightning arrester is at least composed of an upper section lightning arrester and a lower section lightning arrester connected in series, the The test connection structure includes a DC high-voltage generator connected in series at the connection point between the upper arrester and the lower arrester, and the grounding wire at the upper end of the upper arrester and the lower grounding wire of the lower arrester. A high-voltage end micro-ampere meter is connected in series on the connecting line of the connecting point between the arrester and the arrester in the lower segment;
所述的下节避雷器的下端与接地微安表之间还串接有一节能支撑起始动作电压的支撑避雷器。An energy-saving support arrester supporting the initial operating voltage is connected in series between the lower end of the lower arrester and the grounded microammeter.
一种利用上述变电所现场避雷器不拆一次高压引线的试验连接结构进行试验的方法，它包括避雷器上节测量和避雷器下节测量，所述的避雷器下节测量时，直流发生器高压端产生的电流经高压端微安表a1，接地微安表a2接地；当流经下节避雷器的电流I下＝1mA时，直流高压电压即为下节避雷器直流U1mA电压；当电压为75％U1mA时，泄漏电流为I＝a2；试验时应监视高压端微安表a1，因为在此时高压端微安表a1上流经的电流为上、下避雷器的电流之和，即a1＝I上+I下，在实际试验时要控制高压端微安表a1的电流值不能超出直流发生器的输出电流的额定值，如发现a1值接近输出电流的额定值，而a2还没有到1mA时，应停止试验，检查接线及表计情况，如无其他异常情况，应拆除一次引线进行常规法试验。A method for testing the above-mentioned on-site lightning arrester in a substation without removing the test connection structure of the primary high-voltage lead wire, which includes the measurement of the upper section of the lightning arrester and the measurement of the lower section of the lightning arrester. The current of the high-voltage end micro-ampere meter a1, and the grounding micro-ampere meter a2 are grounded; when the current I flowing through the lower arrester = 1mA, the DC high voltage voltage is the DC U1mA voltage of the lower arrester; when the voltage is 75% U1mA , the leakage current is I=a2; during the test, the micro-ammeter a1 at the high-voltage end should be monitored, because the current flowing through the micro-ammeter a1 at the high-voltage end is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower arresters, that is, a1=I+I Next, in the actual test, the current value of the microammeter a1 at the high-voltage end should not exceed the rated value of the output current of the DC generator. If the value of a1 is found to be close to the rated value of the output current, but a2 has not reached 1mA, it should stop Test, check the wiring and meter conditions, if there is no other abnormal situation, the primary lead wire should be removed for a conventional test.
所述的避雷器上节测量时，需在下节避雷器与接地点间用一节支撑避雷器来支撑起始动作电压U1mA，使下节避雷器的U1mA高于上节的U1mA；在加设支撑避雷器后，强制使下节避雷器的起始动作电压提高，也就是上节避雷器的U1mA就会比下节避雷器的U1mA低，回路中的上节首先到达U1mA，使整个试验回路的电流控制试验在有效的范围内。When measuring the upper section of the lightning arrester, it is necessary to use a supporting lightning arrester between the lower lightning arrester and the grounding point to support the initial operating voltage U1mA, so that the U1mA of the lower lightning arrester is higher than the U1mA of the upper section; after adding the supporting lightning arrester, Forcibly increase the initial operating voltage of the arrester in the lower section, that is, the U1mA of the arrester in the upper section will be lower than the U1mA of the arrester in the lower section, and the upper section in the circuit will first reach U1mA, so that the current control test of the entire test circuit is within the effective range Inside.
本发明所述的不拆除一次引线的试验，对提高安全生产、提高设备的可靠运行和对提高工作效能有很大的帮助。不拆一次避雷器引线测得的数据与历次一致，实测值与理论分析基本吻合，不拆一次高压引线试验在实际试验中是可行的，符合预防性试验规程要求。The test without removing the primary lead wire described in the present invention is of great help to improving safe production, improving reliable operation of equipment and improving work efficiency. The data measured without dismantling the lead wire of the arrester is consistent with the previous ones, and the measured value is basically consistent with the theoretical analysis. The test without dismantling the high-voltage lead wire once is feasible in the actual test and meets the requirements of the preventive test regulations.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有避雷器的上节常规试验示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the conventional test in the previous section of the existing lightning arrester.
图2是现有避雷器的下节常规试验示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the conventional test in the next section of the existing lightning arrester.
图3是本发明所述不拆高压引线避雷器下节试验示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the test of the lower section of the surge arrester without removing the high-voltage leads of the present invention.
图4是本发明所述不拆高压引线避雷器下节等效电路图。Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the lower section of the surge arrester without removing the high-voltage leads of the present invention.
图5是本发明所述不拆高压引线避雷器上节试示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the upper section of the surge arrester without dismantling the high-voltage leads of the present invention.
图6是本发明所述不拆高压引线避雷器上节等效电路图。Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the upper section of the surge arrester without removing the high-voltage leads of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的介绍：图3-6所示，本发明所述的变电所现场避雷器不拆一次高压引线的试验连接结构，所述的避雷器至少由上节避雷器1和下节避雷器2相互串联而成，所述的试验连接结构包括一串接在上节避雷器1和下节避雷器2之间连接点B的直流高压发生器3和在上节避雷器1上端接地线4和下节避雷器2下端接地线5，在所述直流高压发生器3连接上节避雷器1和下节避雷器2之间连接点B的连接线上串接有一高压端微安表a1；而在所述下节避雷器2的下端接地线5上串接有一接地微安表a2。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: As shown in Fig. 3-6, the test connection structure of primary high-voltage lead wire is not removed in substation field lightning arrester of the present invention, described lightning arrester is at least made up of last section lightning arrester 1 and The lower lightning arresters 2 are connected in series, and the test connection structure includes a DC high voltage generator 3 connected in series at the connection point B between the upper lightning arrester 1 and the lower lightning arrester 2 and a grounding wire 4 at the upper end of the upper lightning arrester 1 And the grounding wire 5 at the lower end of the arrester 2 of the lower section, a high-voltage end micro-ampere meter a1 is connected in series on the connection line connecting the connecting point B between the arrester 1 and the arrester 2 of the DC high voltage generator 3; A grounding micro-ampere meter a2 is connected in series with the lower end grounding wire 5 of the lightning arrester 2 described in the next section.
所述的下节避雷器2的下端与接地微安表a2之间还串接有一节能支撑起始动作电压的支撑避雷器6。An energy-saving supporting arrester 6 supporting the initial operating voltage is also connected in series between the lower end of the lower arrester 2 and the grounded microammeter a2.
一种利用上述变电所现场避雷器不拆一次高压引线的试验连接结构进行试验的方法，它包括避雷器上节测量和避雷器下节测量，所述的避雷器下节测量时，直流高压发生器3高压端产生的电流经高压端微安表a1，接地微安表a2接地；当流经下节避雷器2的电流I下＝1mA时，直流高压电压即为下节避雷器2直流U1mA电压；当电压为75％U1mA时，泄漏电流为I＝a2；试验时应监视高压端微安表a1，因为在此时高压端微安表a1上流经的电流为上、下避雷器的电流之和，即a1＝I上+I下，在实际试验时要控制高压端微安表a1的电流值不能超出直流发生器的输出电流的额定值，如发现a1值接近输出电流的额定值，而a2还没有到1mA时，应停止试验，检查接线及表计情况，如无其他异常情况，应拆除一次引线进行常规法试验。A method for testing the above-mentioned on-site lightning arrester in a substation without removing the test connection structure of the primary high-voltage lead wire. It includes the measurement of the upper section of the lightning arrester and the measurement of the lower section of the lightning arrester. When measuring the lower section of the lightning arrester, the DC high voltage generator 3 The electric current that terminal produces is through high-voltage terminal microampere a1, grounding microampere a2 is grounded; When flowing through the current I of lower section lightning arrester 2=1mA, the DC high voltage voltage is the lower section lightning arrester 2 direct current U1mA voltage; When the voltage is At 75% U1mA, the leakage current is I=a2; during the test, the microammeter a1 at the high voltage end should be monitored, because the current flowing through the microammeter a1 at the high voltage end is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower arresters, that is, a1= I up + I down, in the actual test, the current value of the microammeter a1 at the high voltage end should not exceed the rated value of the output current of the DC generator. If it is found that the value of a1 is close to the rated value of the output current, but a2 has not yet reached 1mA , the test should be stopped, and the wiring and meters should be checked. If there is no other abnormal situation, the primary lead wire should be removed for a conventional test.
所述的避雷器上节测量时，需在下节避雷器2与接地点间用一节支撑避雷器6来支撑起始动作电压(U1mA)，使下节避雷器2的U1mA高于上节的U1mA；在加设支撑避雷器6后，强制使下节避雷器的起始动作电压提高，也就是上节避雷器的U1mA就会比下节避雷器的U1mA低，回路中的上节首先到达U1mA，使整个试验回路的电流控制试验在有效的范围内。When the last section of the lightning arrester is measured, it is necessary to support the initial operating voltage (U1mA) with a support lightning arrester 6 between the lightning arrester 2 of the lower section and the grounding point, so that the U1mA of the lightning arrester 2 of the lower section is higher than the U1mA of the previous section; After the support arrester 6 is set, the initial operating voltage of the arrester in the lower section is forced to increase, that is, the U1mA of the arrester in the upper section will be lower than that of the arrester in the lower section, and the upper section in the circuit reaches U1mA first, so that the current of the entire test circuit Control experiments are within the valid range.
实施例：Example:
避雷器下节测量直流1mA电压(U1mA)及75％U1mA下的泄漏电流试验示意图及等效电路图如图3、图4所示。Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the schematic diagram and equivalent circuit diagram of the leakage current test under the measurement of DC 1mA voltage (U1mA) and 75% U1mA in the lower section of the arrester.
避雷器下节测量时，B点接直流发生器高压端并电流经高压端微安表a1，C点接微安表a2接地。当I下(a2)＝1mA时的直流高压电压即为下节避雷器直流U1mA电压。当电压为75％U1mA时，泄漏电流为I＝a2。试验时应监视微安表a1，因为在此时a1上流经的电流为上、下避雷器的电流之和，即a1＝I上+I下，在实际试验时要控制a1微安表的电流值不能超出直流发生器的输出电流的额定值，如发现a1值接近输出电流的额定值，而a2还没有到1mA时，应停止试验，检查接线及表计情况，如无其他异常情况，应拆除一次引线进行常规法试验。When measuring in the next section of the arrester, point B is connected to the high-voltage end of the DC generator and the current passes through the micro-ampere meter a1 of the high-voltage end, and point C is connected to the micro-ampere meter a2 to ground. When I lower (a2) = 1mA, the DC high voltage voltage is the DC U1mA voltage of the arrester in the next section. When the voltage is 75% U1mA, the leakage current is I=a2. During the test, the microammeter a1 should be monitored, because the current flowing through a1 is the sum of the currents of the upper and lower arresters at this time, that is, a1=Iup+Idown, and the current value of the a1 microammeter should be controlled during the actual test Do not exceed the rated value of the output current of the DC generator. If the value of a1 is found to be close to the rated value of the output current, but a2 has not reached 1mA, the test should be stopped, and the wiring and meters should be checked. If there is no other abnormal situation, it should be removed. A lead wire is tested by the conventional method.
避雷器上节测量直流1mA电压(U1mA)及75％U1mA下的泄漏电流试验示意图及等效电路如图5、图6所示。Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the schematic diagram and equivalent circuit of the leakage current test under the measurement of DC 1mA voltage (U1mA) and 75% U1mA in the upper section of the arrester.
避雷器上节测量时，需在下节与接地点间用一节避雷器来支撑起始动作电压(U1mA)，使下节避雷器的U1mA高于上节的U1mA。因为，如不用避雷器支撑，极可能出现下节避雷器的U1mA低于上节，当电压升高超过下节避雷器的U1mA时，由氧化物避雷器的伏安特性致使电压略为升高，回路电流就急剧增大，这时的总回路电流就大于下节避雷器回路的电流1mA，如再使电压升至上节避雷器的U1mA时，此时下节避雷器的泄漏电流大于1mA，整个回路的电流较大，会造成I上＝＝1mA＝I总-I下的读数的误差值较大，影响试验数据的准确性。When measuring the upper section of the arrester, it is necessary to use a section of arrester between the lower section and the grounding point to support the initial operating voltage (U1mA), so that the U1mA of the lower section of the arrester is higher than the U1mA of the upper section. Because, if it is not supported by the arrester, it is very likely that the U1mA of the arrester in the lower section is lower than that of the arrester in the upper section. When the voltage rises beyond the U1mA of the arrester in the lower section, the voltage rises slightly due to the volt-ampere characteristics of the oxide arrester, and the loop current is sharp. Increase, the total loop current at this time is greater than the current 1mA of the lower arrester circuit. If the voltage is raised to U1mA of the upper arrester, the leakage current of the lower arrester is greater than 1mA, and the current of the entire loop is large, which will cause On I == 1mA = I total - the error value of the reading under I is relatively large, which affects the accuracy of the test data.
在加支撑避雷器后，强制使下节避雷器的起始动作电压提高，也就是上节避雷器的U1mA就会比下节避雷器的U1mA低，回路中的上节首先到达U1mA，使整个试验回路的电流控制试验在有效的范围内，提高了试验的准确性。After the support arrester is added, the initial operating voltage of the arrester in the lower section is forced to increase, that is, the U1mA of the arrester in the upper section will be lower than that of the arrester in the lower section, and the upper section in the circuit first reaches U1mA, so that the current of the entire test circuit The control test is within the effective range, which improves the accuracy of the test.
用上述二种方法对220kV正母压变避雷器进行了试验，测量它们的1mA下的直流参考电压及75％直流参考电压下的泄漏电流，分别测的数据如下：The above two methods are used to test the 220kV positive bus voltage change arrester, and measure their DC reference voltage at 1mA and leakage current at 75% DC reference voltage. The measured data are as follows:
从一组220kV避雷器的两种试验方法的比较来看，不拆一次引线比常规法试验的U1mA误差值最大为+0.13％；而对泄漏电流方面来分析，不拆一次高压引线的电流比常规法的电流最大一节的误差值是增加了2μA，且电流均在15μA以下，两种方法的数据是一致的，且还没有达到标准的50μA的三分之一。所以，这种试验引起的误差是完全可以忽略的，完全不影响对试验数据的判断和分析。From the comparison of the two test methods of a group of 220kV surge arresters, the U1mA error value of the conventional method test without removing the primary lead is +0.13%; while analyzing the leakage current, the current without removing the primary high-voltage lead is larger than the conventional method. The error value of the largest section of the current of the method is increased by 2μA, and the current is below 15μA. The data of the two methods are consistent, and it has not yet reached one-third of the standard 50μA. Therefore, the error caused by this test can be completely ignored, and will not affect the judgment and analysis of the test data at all.
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