CN102014139A - Protocol conversion device for vehicle FlexRay bus and Ethernet - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种车用FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置，属于网络通信技术领域。包括处理器及处理器外围电路、数据存储器电路、带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路、带隔离的以太网接口电路、串行接口电路和电源电路。本发明结构简单、成本低、应用方便；可方便地采用便携式电脑上车对FlexRay总线进行实时监控；采用了完全的电气隔离措施，并在FlexRay总线对外接口端加入了总线保护电路，可以更好地起到抗干扰及保护内部电路和上位机的作用。
The invention relates to a protocol conversion device for a FlexRay bus and Ethernet used in vehicles, belonging to the technical field of network communication. It includes processor and processor peripheral circuit, data memory circuit, FlexRay bus interface circuit with isolation, Ethernet interface circuit with isolation, serial interface circuit and power supply circuit. The present invention is simple in structure, low in cost, and convenient in application; it can conveniently use a portable computer to monitor the FlexRay bus in real time; it adopts complete electrical isolation measures, and adds a bus protection circuit to the external interface of the FlexRay bus, which can be better The ground plays the role of anti-interference and protecting the internal circuit and the upper computer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种车用FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置，属于网络通信技术领域。The invention relates to a protocol conversion device for a FlexRay bus and Ethernet used in vehicles, belonging to the technical field of network communication.
背景技术Background technique
FlexRay总线是由BMW、DaimlerChrysler、Philips、Freescale、Bosch等公司共同制定的一种新型通信标准，主要面向车载线控应用(X-by-wire)，采用基于时间驱动机制，具有高带宽、容错性能好等特点，与车用传统CAN总线相比，在实时性、可靠性和灵活性方面具有一定的优势。The FlexRay bus is a new type of communication standard jointly developed by BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Philips, Freescale, Bosch and other companies. It is mainly oriented to vehicle-by-wire applications (X-by-wire). It adopts a time-based drive mechanism and has high bandwidth and fault tolerance. Compared with the traditional CAN bus used in vehicles, it has certain advantages in real-time performance, reliability and flexibility.
国外对FlexRay总线作了大量的研究和开发工作，并且在一些高端车型上得到成功的应用。例如，德国宝马(BMW)在SUV X5系列车型的电子控制减震器系统中采用了FlexRay协议，实现了更好的乘坐舒适性以及驾驶时的安全性和敏捷性，此外还将施加给轮胎的负荷变动以及底盘的振动均减至最小；宝马X6和X7系列车型均在此系统的基础上继续使用FlexRay连接备车轮悬挂的减震器电子控制单元，根据行驶状态来控制减震器衰减力，更好地保持车辆稳定；德国奥迪也在09年开始量产的新款Audi A8的驾驶辅助系统内导入FlexRay，采用恩智浦的FlexRay收发器。随着国外研究与应用的推动，国内对FlexRay总线的研究也进入了一个飞速发展的时期。Abroad have done a lot of research and development work on the FlexRay bus, and it has been successfully applied in some high-end models. For example, Germany's BMW (BMW) adopts the FlexRay protocol in the electronically controlled shock absorber system of the SUV X5 series models, which achieves better ride comfort, safety and agility while driving. The load change and the vibration of the chassis are minimized; BMW X6 and X7 series models continue to use FlexRay on the basis of this system to connect the electronic control unit of the shock absorber of the spare wheel suspension, and control the damping force of the shock absorber according to the driving state. To better maintain vehicle stability; Germany's Audi also introduced FlexRay into the driver assistance system of the new Audi A8, which began mass production in 2009, using NXP's FlexRay transceiver. With the promotion of foreign research and application, domestic research on FlexRay bus has also entered a period of rapid development.
目前有一些针对FlexRay总线的协议转换装置逐渐被研发出来，比如FlexRay-CAN的通信网关、FlexRay-RS485的通信网关，这些主要面向现场同时拥有两条总线，两者之间需要需要进行数据通信，比如车辆中同时存在FlexRay总线和CAN总线，此时FlexRay-CAN网关作为车载实际运行部件的一部分。但是对于实车运行中的FlexRay总线来说，在研究过程中经常需要通过电脑(尤其现场经常用笔记本电脑)实时监测网络上的数据，此时采用以太网就是一个很好的方案，因为现有电脑基本都配备了以太网接口。因此，现有的针对FlexRay总线的协议转换装置具有以下不足：At present, some protocol conversion devices for the FlexRay bus have been gradually developed, such as the communication gateway of FlexRay-CAN and the communication gateway of FlexRay-RS485. These are mainly for the field and have two buses at the same time, and data communication is required between the two. For example, there are both FlexRay bus and CAN bus in the vehicle. At this time, the FlexRay-CAN gateway is a part of the actual running components of the vehicle. However, for the FlexRay bus in the actual vehicle operation, it is often necessary to monitor the data on the network in real time through a computer (especially a laptop is often used on site) during the research process. At this time, using Ethernet is a good solution, because the existing Most computers are equipped with Ethernet ports. Therefore, the existing protocol conversion device for the FlexRay bus has the following deficiencies:
1.不能满足FlexRay总线到以太网的协议转换要求；1. It cannot meet the protocol conversion requirements from FlexRay bus to Ethernet;
2.对于现场采用电脑直接监测FlexRay总线数据不够方便，虽然部分网关带有RS232接口，但是目前大部分笔记本电脑上不在装配RS232接口；2. It is not convenient to directly monitor FlexRay bus data by computer on site. Although some gateways have RS232 interfaces, most laptops are not equipped with RS232 interfaces at present;
3.与FlexRay总线之间没有有效的电气隔离措施。3. There is no effective electrical isolation measure with the FlexRay bus.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了能够方便地对实车运行中的FlexRay总线实施监控，提出一种车用FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置。The object of the present invention is to provide a protocol conversion device between the FlexRay bus and Ethernet for the vehicle in order to monitor the FlexRay bus in the running of the actual vehicle conveniently.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的。The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
本发明的一种FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置，包括处理器及处理器外围电路、数据存储器电路、带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路、带隔离的以太网接口电路、串行接口电路和电源电路，其外围电路为外界FlexRay网络和上位机，其连接关系及信号流向为：A protocol conversion device between a FlexRay bus and Ethernet of the present invention comprises a processor and processor peripheral circuits, a data memory circuit, an isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit, an isolated Ethernet interface circuit, a serial interface circuit and a power supply The circuit, its peripheral circuit is the external FlexRay network and the host computer, its connection relationship and signal flow are:
带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路由通信控制器、隔离电路、总线驱动器和总线保护电路构成，其中通信控制器通过数据总线、地址总线和控制总线与处理器相连，隔离电路由第一光耦、第二光耦、第三光耦及其外围电路组成，三路光耦分别连接通信控制器的发送信号、接收信号和发送使能信号和总线驱动器的发送信号、接收信号和发送使能信号，其中信号流向为发送信号和发送使能信号的方向为从通信控制器至总线驱动器，接收信号的方向为从总线驱动器至通信控制器，总线驱动器的网络接口端经过总线保护电路接入外界的FlexRay网络；The FlexRay bus interface circuit with isolation is composed of a communication controller, an isolation circuit, a bus driver and a bus protection circuit. The communication controller is connected to the processor through a data bus, an address bus and a control bus. Composed of two optocouplers, a third optocoupler and their peripheral circuits, the three optocouplers are respectively connected to the sending signal, receiving signal and sending enabling signal of the communication controller and the sending signal, receiving signal and sending enabling signal of the bus driver, wherein The signal flow direction is from the communication controller to the bus driver in the direction of sending signals and sending enable signals, and the direction of receiving signals is from the bus driver to the communication controller. The network interface of the bus driver is connected to the external FlexRay network through the bus protection circuit ;
带隔离的以太网接口电路由以太网控制器、隔离变压器和以太网接口组成，其中以太网控制器通过数据总线、地址总线和控制总线与处理器相连，以太网控制器与隔离变压器通过数据输入正、数据输入负、数据输出正和数据输入负四根信号线相连，其中数据输入正和数据输入负之间接200欧姆的第一电阻，数据输出正和数据输出负之间接200欧姆的第二电阻，隔离变压器通过数据接收正、数据接收负、数据发送正和数据发送负四根信号线相连与以太网接口相连，以太网接口与通过以太网线与监控上位机相连；The Ethernet interface circuit with isolation is composed of an Ethernet controller, an isolation transformer and an Ethernet interface, wherein the Ethernet controller is connected to the processor through a data bus, an address bus and a control bus, and the Ethernet controller and the isolation transformer are input Positive, data input negative, data output positive and data input negative four signal lines are connected, among which the data input positive and data input negative are connected with a 200-ohm first resistor, and the data output positive and data output negative are connected with a 200-ohm second resistor, isolated The transformer is connected to the Ethernet interface through the four signal lines of data receiving positive, data receiving negative, data sending positive and data sending negative, and the Ethernet interface is connected to the monitoring host computer through the Ethernet line;
串行接口电路通过两根串行信号线与处理器的串口相连，串行接口电路对外接口与上位机相连，用以实现上位机对本协议转换装置的参数配置；The serial interface circuit is connected to the serial port of the processor through two serial signal lines, and the external interface of the serial interface circuit is connected to the upper computer to realize the parameter configuration of the upper computer to the protocol conversion device;
数据存储器电路通过数据总线和地址总线与处理器相连；The data memory circuit is connected to the processor through a data bus and an address bus;
电源电路的输入接外部供电电源，输出分为相互隔离的两路：一路为隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路中隔离光耦与外界FlexRay总线之间的电路提供电源，另一路为其他部分电路提供电源；The input of the power circuit is connected to the external power supply, and the output is divided into two isolated circuits: one circuit provides power for the circuit between the isolated optocoupler and the external FlexRay bus in the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit, and the other circuit provides power for other parts of the circuit;
上述上位机为带以太网接口的台式机或者笔记本电脑；The above-mentioned upper computer is a desktop or notebook computer with an Ethernet interface;
上述数据存储器电路中的存储器为易失性存储器。The memory in the above data memory circuit is a volatile memory.
本发明的一种FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置，其工作过程包括：A kind of protocol conversion device of FlexRay bus and Ethernet of the present invention, its working process comprises:
1)处理器通过带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路接收外界FlexRay总线的数据并按照FlexRay协议对数据进行解析，将解析后的数据按照上位机以太网的通信协议进行打包，将打包后的数据通过带隔离的以太网接口电路发送到上位机；通过带隔离的以太网接口电路接收上位机的数据并按照上位机以太网的通信协议对数据进行解析，将解析后的数据按照FlexRay协议进行打包，将打包后的的数据该接收到的数据通过带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路发送给外界FlexRay总线，从而实现FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换；1) The processor receives the data of the external FlexRay bus through the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit and analyzes the data according to the FlexRay protocol, packs the parsed data according to the communication protocol of the upper computer Ethernet, and passes the packaged data through the belt The isolated Ethernet interface circuit is sent to the upper computer; the data of the upper computer is received through the isolated Ethernet interface circuit and the data is analyzed according to the communication protocol of the upper computer Ethernet, and the analyzed data is packaged according to the FlexRay protocol. Packed data The received data is sent to the external FlexRay bus through the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit, so as to realize the protocol conversion between the FlexRay bus and Ethernet;
2)处理器将数据存储器电路中的存储器的存储空间分为两部分，一部分用以存储接收到的上位机的数据，一部分用以存储外界FlexRay总线的数据，处理器读取存储器每部分存储空间中的数据时均采用先入先出的方式，数据存储器电路在网络传输速率较高、传输数据量较大的时候可以起到缓存的作用；2) The processor divides the storage space of the memory in the data memory circuit into two parts, one part is used to store the data received from the upper computer, and the other part is used to store the data of the external FlexRay bus, and the processor reads each part of the storage space of the memory The data in the memory adopts the first-in-first-out method, and the data memory circuit can play a role of buffering when the network transmission rate is high and the amount of transmitted data is large;
3)处理器可以通过串行接口电路或者以太网接收上位机的参数配置信息，并按照参数配置信息来配置带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路，可以满足与外界不同FlexRay网络匹配的需要。3) The processor can receive the parameter configuration information of the upper computer through the serial interface circuit or Ethernet, and configure the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit according to the parameter configuration information, which can meet the needs of matching with different external FlexRay networks.
有益效果Beneficial effect
本发明结构简单、成本低、应用方便；可方便地采用便携式电脑上车对FlexRay总线进行实时监控；采用了完全的电气隔离措施，并在FlexRay总线对外接口端加入了总线保护电路，可以更好地起到抗干扰和保护电路以及上位机的作用。The present invention is simple in structure, low in cost, and convenient in application; it can conveniently use a portable computer to monitor the FlexRay bus in real time; it adopts complete electrical isolation measures, and adds a bus protection circuit to the external interface of the FlexRay bus, which can be better The ground plays the role of anti-interference and protection circuit and host computer.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
实施例Example
一种FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置，包括处理器及处理器外围电路、数据存储器电路、带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路、带隔离的以太网接口电路、串行接口电路和电源电路，其外围电路为外界FlexRay网络和上位机，如图1所示，其连接关系及信号流向为：A protocol conversion device for FlexRay bus and Ethernet, including processor and processor peripheral circuit, data storage circuit, FlexRay bus interface circuit with isolation, Ethernet interface circuit with isolation, serial interface circuit and power supply circuit, its The peripheral circuit is the external FlexRay network and the host computer, as shown in Figure 1, the connection relationship and signal flow are as follows:
带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路由通信控制器、隔离电路、总线驱动器和总线保护电路构成，其中通信控制器通过数据总线、地址总线和控制总线与处理器相连，隔离电路由三路光耦及其外围电路组成，三路光耦分别连接通信控制器的发送信号、接收信号和发送使能信号和总线驱动器的发送信号、接收信号和发送使能信号，其中信号流向为发送信号和发送使能信号的方向为从通信控制器至总线驱动器，接收信号的方向为从总线驱动器至通信控制器，总线驱动器的网络接口端经过总线保护电路接入外界的FlexRay网络；The FlexRay bus interface circuit with isolation is composed of a communication controller, an isolation circuit, a bus driver and a bus protection circuit. The communication controller is connected to the processor through a data bus, an address bus and a control bus. Composed of peripheral circuits, the three-way optocoupler is respectively connected to the sending signal, receiving signal and sending enable signal of the communication controller and the sending signal, receiving signal and sending enabling signal of the bus driver, and the signal flow direction is sending signal and sending enabling signal The direction of the signal is from the communication controller to the bus driver, and the direction of receiving signals is from the bus driver to the communication controller. The network interface of the bus driver is connected to the external FlexRay network through the bus protection circuit;
带隔离的以太网接口电路由以太网控制器、隔离变压器和以太网接口组成，其中以太网控制器通过数据总线、地址总线和控制总线与处理器相连，以太网控制器与隔离变压器通过数据输入正、数据输入负、数据输出正和数据输入负四根信号线相连，其中数据输入正和数据输入负之间接200欧姆的第一电阻，数据输出正和数据输入负之间接200欧姆的第二电阻，隔离变压器通过数据接收正、数据接收负、数据发送正和数据发送负四根信号线相连与以太网接口相连，以太网接口与通过以太网线与监控上位机相连；The Ethernet interface circuit with isolation is composed of an Ethernet controller, an isolation transformer and an Ethernet interface, wherein the Ethernet controller is connected to the processor through a data bus, an address bus and a control bus, and the Ethernet controller and the isolation transformer are input Positive, Data Input Negative, Data Output Positive and Data Input Negative are connected with four signal lines, among which the first resistor of 200 ohms is connected between the positive data input and the negative data input, and the second resistor of 200 ohms is connected between the positive data output and the negative data input, isolated The transformer is connected to the Ethernet interface through the four signal lines of data receiving positive, data receiving negative, data sending positive and data sending negative, and the Ethernet interface is connected to the monitoring host computer through the Ethernet line;
串行接口电路通过两根串行信号线与处理器的串口相连，串行接口电路对外接口与上位机相连，用以实现上位机对本协议转换装置的参数配置；The serial interface circuit is connected to the serial port of the processor through two serial signal lines, and the external interface of the serial interface circuit is connected to the upper computer to realize the parameter configuration of the upper computer to the protocol conversion device;
数据存储器电路通过数据总线和地址总线与处理器相连；The data memory circuit is connected to the processor through a data bus and an address bus;
电源电路的输入接外部供电电源，输出分为相互隔离的两路：一路为隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路中隔离光耦与外界FlexRay总线之间的电路提供电源，另一路为其他部分电路提供电源；The input of the power circuit is connected to the external power supply, and the output is divided into two isolated circuits: one circuit provides power for the circuit between the isolated optocoupler and the external FlexRay bus in the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit, and the other circuit provides power for other parts of the circuit;
上述上位机为带以太网接口的台式机或者笔记本电脑；The above-mentioned upper computer is a desktop or notebook computer with an Ethernet interface;
上述处理器为SST89E564RD，可以通过串口实现处理器的程序烧写与调试，不需要另外的烧写连接电路；The above-mentioned processor is SST89E564RD, which can realize program programming and debugging of the processor through the serial port, without additional programming connection circuit;
上述带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路中的通信控制器为MFR4200；The communication controller in the above isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit is MFR4200;
上述带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路中的总线驱动器为TJA1080；The bus driver in the above-mentioned isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit is TJA1080;
上述带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路中的三路光耦均为6N137；The three optocouplers in the above-mentioned isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit are all 6N137;
上述数据存储器电路中的存储器为易失性存储器；The memory in the above-mentioned data memory circuit is a volatile memory;
本发明的一种FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换装置，其工作过程包括：A kind of protocol conversion device of FlexRay bus and Ethernet of the present invention, its working process comprises:
1)处理器通过带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路接收外界FlexRay总线的数据并按照FlexRay协议对数据进行解析，将解析后的数据按照上位机以太网的通信协议进行打包，将打包后的数据通过带隔离的以太网接口电路发送到上位机；通过带隔离的以太网接口电路接收上位机的数据并按照上位机以太网的通信协议对数据进行解析，将解析后的数据按照FlexRay协议进行打包，将打包后的的数据该接收到的数据通过带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路发送给外界FlexRay总线，从而实现FlexRay总线与以太网的协议转换；1) The processor receives the data of the external FlexRay bus through the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit and analyzes the data according to the FlexRay protocol, packs the parsed data according to the communication protocol of the upper computer Ethernet, and passes the packaged data through the belt The isolated Ethernet interface circuit is sent to the upper computer; the data of the upper computer is received through the isolated Ethernet interface circuit and the data is analyzed according to the communication protocol of the upper computer Ethernet, and the analyzed data is packaged according to the FlexRay protocol. Packed data The received data is sent to the external FlexRay bus through the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit, so as to realize the protocol conversion between the FlexRay bus and Ethernet;
2)处理器将数据存储器电路中的存储器的存储空间分为两部分，一部分用以存储接收到的上位机的数据，一部分用以存储外界FlexRay总线的数据，处理器读取存储器每部分存储空间中的数据时均采用先入先出的方式，数据存储器电路在网络传输速率较高、传输数据量较大的时候可以起到缓存的作用；2) The processor divides the storage space of the memory in the data memory circuit into two parts, one part is used to store the data received from the upper computer, and the other part is used to store the data of the external FlexRay bus, and the processor reads each part of the storage space of the memory The data in the memory adopts the first-in-first-out method, and the data memory circuit can play a role of buffering when the network transmission rate is high and the amount of transmitted data is large;
3)处理器可以通过串行接口电路或者以太网接收上位机的参数配置信息，并按照参数配置信息来配置带隔离的FlexRay总线接口电路，可以满足与外界不同FlexRay网络匹配的需要。3) The processor can receive the parameter configuration information of the upper computer through the serial interface circuit or Ethernet, and configure the isolated FlexRay bus interface circuit according to the parameter configuration information, which can meet the needs of matching with different external FlexRay networks.
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