CN102013503B - Fuel cell standby power supply control system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell standby power supply control system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102013503B CN102013503B CN201010531969A CN201010531969A CN102013503B CN 102013503 B CN102013503 B CN 102013503B CN 201010531969 A CN201010531969 A CN 201010531969A CN 201010531969 A CN201010531969 A CN 201010531969A CN 102013503 B CN102013503 B CN 102013503B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell standby power supply control system. The system comprises a fuel cell stack, a hydrogen loop, an air passage, a cooling internal circulation loop, a cooling external circulation loop, a power output loop and a central controller, wherein the power output loop comprises a direct current power conversion device, an energy storage device, an inverter, an isolating diode, a charge controller, a host switch and an alternating current contactor which are connected with the central controller respectively. The system has the advantages that: when system load abruptly changes, zero latency of supplying power to a user is effectively realized by rationalizing system energy management, sufficient power supply is provided for the user at the first time, and the life of a fuel cell is greatly prolonged by the measures such as program-controlled preheating, linear output current increasing and the like of the stack. Meanwhile, the invention provides a control method of the system. The purpose of zero latency of supplying power to the user by the entire power supply is achieved by a system starting control method, a system preheating control method, an abrupt load change control method and a shutdown control method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to power control and control method, particularly a kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system and control method thereof.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that can fuel and oxidant be changed into electric energy and product.A typical fuel cell pile generally includes: the water conservancy diversion import and the flow-guiding channel of (1) fuel and oxidant gas are distributed to fuel (like hydrogen, methyl alcohol or the hydrogen-rich gas that after reforming, obtained by methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably; (2) import and export and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (like water) are evenly distributed to coolant fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated and take battery pack out of after dispel the heat; (3) outlet of fuel and oxidant gas and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when getting rid of, and portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of gaseous state.Usually, the import and export of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid are all opened on the end plate of fuel battery or on two end plates.
Fuel cell system mainly comprises fuel cell pile, for pile provides the auxiliary system of hydrogen, air and cooling agent, and EMS that must configuration in order to satisfy user's primary demand.Fuel cell can not provide enough supplies of electric power for the user in the very first time because the energy matter hydrogen of self is outside at fuel cell pile, generally need in system, increase energy storage device.
The life-span of fuel cell is relevant with many factors, and wherein important factor has, the control method of working temperature, startup and the shutdown of hydrogen and oxidant air inlet humidification degree, pile etc.Have a variety ofly at present and wherein start and shut down control method, but mostly not solve, system in start-up course, the even running problem of fuel cell output.Owing to lack energy management measure to power-supply system, cause the output voltage of pile often to fluctuate widely at short notice, have a strong impact on the life-span of pile, and often cause system to work as machine, can cause pile to burn out in the time of serious; After pile quits work on the other hand, inner remaining a lot of hydrogen of pile and air.Hydrogen that these are not utilized and air equally also influence the life-span of pile, and this phenomenon is referred to as the OCV phenomenon.Should in time eliminate the OCV phenomenon behind the system closedown.
The basic method of eliminating the OCV phenomenon is remove fuel cell anode and cathode active material a kind of or whole.It is clean to typically use the inert gas hydrogen purge that anode of fuel cell is remaining, yet in practical application, is inconvenient to dispose the inertia source of the gas; Current at present way is to use the air pump anode for the negative electrode oxygen supply to pump into air; Drive hydrogen remaining in the anode; But, still the pile life-span is exerted an influence because the remaining hydrogen of airborne oxygen and anode can chemical reaction take place directly on the contact interface of two kinds of gases of inside battery.
U.S. Pat 6555989 discloses a kind of fuel cell power system; The basic functional principle of this power supply has been described; The hydrogen fuel that reforming hydrogen producing technology is obtained is used for the fuel cell pile power generating; But this system does not describe the application of fuel cell at stand-by power supply in detail, does not describe control method and comprehensive solution thereof under the load changing situation in detail.
Realize that through control the complete machine power supply is user's zero-waiting of supplying power; Reach when system load suddenlys change, internal system improves the life-span of fuel cell through energy management; For the user enough supplies of electric power are provided in the very first time, this is still unsolved at present important topic.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that existing technology exists; A kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system and control method thereof are provided; Can be when system load suddenlys change; Effectively realize that the complete machine power supply for user's zero-waiting of supplying power, provides enough supplies of electric power in the very first time for the user, and in life-span of amplitude raising fuel cell.
A kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system provided by the invention; Comprise circulation circuit in fuel cell pile, hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller; Circulation circuit links to each other with said fuel cell pile respectively with electric power output loop in said hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling; Said fuel cell pile is connected with the monolithic voltage detector; Said cooling outer circulation loop links to each other through heat exchanger with the interior circulation circuit of cooling, wherein:
Said hydrogen loop is provided with first electromagnetically operated valve, hydrogen recycle pump, first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor; Said first electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline; Said hydrogen recycle pump is installed on the hydrogen inlet end and the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet end of said fuel cell pile; Said first pressure sensor is installed in the hydrogen inlet end of said fuel cell pile, and said second pressure sensor is installed in the high pressure hydrogen entrance point from storage hydrogen device;
Said air flue is provided with flow sensor, second electromagnetically operated valve, the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve; Said flow sensor is installed in the air intlet end; Said fuel cell pile is connected with humidifier and air pump in turn; Said second electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the inlet duct of said air pump, and said the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue, and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve is installed on the inlet pipeline of air flue;
Circulation circuit is provided with coolant circulation pump and cooling-water temperature sensor in the said cooling; Said coolant circulation pump is installed on the cooling fluid inlet duct of said fuel cell pile, and said cooling-water temperature sensor is connected the cooling fluid arrival end of said fuel cell pile or the cooling liquid outlet end of said fuel cell pile;
Said cooling outer circulation loop is provided with outer circulation coolant pump and rotational speed governor thereof, and said outer circulation coolant pump and rotational speed governor thereof are installed on the pipeline in cooling outer circulation loop;
Said electric power output loop comprises direct current power converting means, energy storage device, inverter, isolating diode, charge controller, host switch and A.C. contactor; The output of said fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of said direct current power converting means through said host switch; The output of said direct current power converting means links to each other with said energy storage device with isolating diode through said charge controller; The output of said direct current power converting means links to each other with user side with said inverter simultaneously, and said inverter links to each other with AC network through said A.C. contactor;
The input of said direct current power converting means is equipped with current sensor and voltage sensor;
Said direct current power converting means, energy storage device, inverter, isolating diode, charge controller, host switch and A.C. contactor and each transducer link to each other with said central controller respectively.
Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention; Wherein said electric power output loop also comprises subsidiary engine switch, at least one DC converter; Said subsidiary engine switch links to each other respectively with the output of said fuel cell pile, the output of energy storage device and the input of DC converter, and the output of said DC converter links to each other with said subsidiary engine power terminal.
Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said hydrogen loop is provided with the manual gas pressure-reducing valve, and said manual gas pressure-reducing valve is installed on the high pressure hydrogen inlet pipeline of the said first electromagnetically operated valve front end.
Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said central controller is made up of processor, memory and man-machine interface.
Fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said energy storage device adopts lead acid accumulator or ultracapacitor.
The control method of a kind of fuel cell electrode source control system provided by the invention; This method adopts above-mentioned fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; Circulation circuit in fuel cell pile, hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller are set; Said fuel cell pile is connected with the monolithic voltage detector; Said electric power output loop is provided with direct current power converting means, energy storage device, charge controller and inverter, and said central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system start-up:
110) electrical network or said energy storage device begin, to open the inspection of second pressure sensor and interrupt by " start " pushbutton enable system to after said central controller and the system's subsidiary engine power supply; Opening the bus voltage inspection interrupts; Each sensor data acquisition begins and the interruption of reporting to the police;
120) judge whether busbar voltage is lower than predeterminated voltage, promptly Vbus＜Vstartup does not perhaps have high-tension electricity and supplies with, if carry out next step; If not, the shielding enabling signal is opened the shutdown response signal, and satisfying condition then jumps to shutdown programm, returns a step;
130) open first electromagnetically operated valve and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve, close second electromagnetically operated valve, open the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve, the control air pump is with the 15%-50% work 1-5s of specified air inflow, and is constant in then specified air inflow 10%-30% continuous firing;
140) start coolant circulation pump, the hydrogen recycle pump begins with normal speed work; Opening the regular check of monolithic voltage detector interrupts; Open the inspection of first pressure sensor and second pressure sensor and interrupt, guarantee the supply of hydrogen; Open the direct current power converting means, said fuel cell pile begins external output;
Whether the output current of 150) judging said fuel cell pile is less than predetermined current, if carry out next step; If, do not carry out the 170th) step;
160) the subsidiary engine switch is switched on the said fuel cell pile;
170) through PID control flows quantity sensor; Make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion; When air inlet amount during less than preset minimum air inflow, the air demand of air pump is constant to be this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
180) setting Imax is the several times of cooling-water temperature sensor registration;
190) whether judge cooling-water temperature sensor less than preset temperature, this preset temperature is 45 ℃～80 ℃, if return the 150th) step; If, do not carry out next step;
200) rotational speed governor through PID control outer circulation coolant pump, 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile of control water temperature transducer;
210) through PID control air air inlet stoichiometric proportion; Make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion; When air inlet amount during less than preset minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
220) set Imax with the slope of fuel cell pile output-current rating per second 1%-5%;
230) judge whether output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax, if carry out next step more than or equal to DC/DC1; If, do not return the 200th) step;
240) through 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile of PID control water temperature transducer;
250) through PID control flows quantity sensor; Make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion; When air inlet amount during less than predetermined minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
260) judge whether that the change in current rate is greater than the 220th) go on foot the slope of setting, if return the 200th) step; If, do not return the 240th) the step circulation.
The control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, wherein said central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system closedown:
300) detect busbar voltage Vbus and whether rise to preset shutdown voltage, i.e. Vbus＞Vshutdown is if carry out next step;
310) set the direct current power converting means and be output as a preset value;
320) shielding monolithic voltage detector status checkout interrupts;
330) open second electromagnetically operated valve, close the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve;
340) the air pump supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device and keeps 10% rated speed;
350) judge that whether the output of direct current power converting means is less than preset final voltage, if carry out next step; If, do not return the 330th) the step circulation;
360) close the direct current power converting means, close air pump, shutdown finishes, and gets into holding state.
The control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention; In the control sequence execution in step of wherein said central controller to system start-up; With the 170th) step, the 210th) step, the 250th) step replaces with following step respectively; Then, carry out its separately next step respectively: the output current that obtains fuel cell pile by current sensor; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump, obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump; The rotating speed of regulating air pump reaches this inlet pressure value.
The advantage of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system provided by the invention and method is: because control system is provided with electric power output loop and central controller; In electric power output loop, adopted the direct current power converting means that to set its output voltage and output current (perhaps input current); Simultaneously the charging current of energy storage device has been done upper limit control; Reached when system load suddenlys change,, realized that effectively the complete machine power supply is user's zero-waiting of supplying power through the rationalization of internal system energy management; For the user enough supplies of electric power are provided in the very first time, and improve the life-span of fuel cell in amplitude.In its control method, be provided with system start-up control method, system warm-up control method, load changing control method and shutdown control method, realized that through above-mentioned control method the complete machine power supply is the supply power purpose of zero-waiting of user.
Be elaborated with reference to accompanying drawing below in conjunction with embodiment, in the hope of the object of the invention, feature and advantage are obtained more deep understanding.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of fuel cell pile part in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of stand-by power supply control section in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart of start-up control method in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention with Fig. 4 (two figure link to each other);
Fig. 5 is the flow chart of shutdown control method in the fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2; The invention provides a kind of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; Comprise circulation circuit in fuel cell pile 200, hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller; Circulation circuit links to each other with fuel cell pile 200 respectively with electric power output loop in hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, and cooling outer circulation loop links to each other through heat exchanger E-1 with the interior circulation circuit of cooling.
Wherein, fuel cell pile 200 is connected with monolithic voltage detector monolithic voltage detector CVM001.Central controller is made up of processor, memory and man-machine interface.
Referring to Fig. 1; The hydrogen loop is provided with manual gas pressure-reducing valve PIC003, the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002, hydrogen recycle pump P-3, the first pressure sensor PT001 and the second pressure sensor PT004; The first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002 is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline; Manual gas pressure-reducing valve PIC003 is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline of the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002 front end; Hydrogen recycle pump P-3 is installed on the hydrogen inlet end 1 and the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet end 2 of fuel cell pile 200, and the first pressure sensor PT001 is installed in the hydrogen inlet end of fuel cell pile 200, and the second pressure sensor PT004 is installed in the high pressure hydrogen entrance point from storage hydrogen device.
Air flue is provided with flow sensor FT001, the second electromagnetically operated valve SV-008, the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009 and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve SV010; Flow sensor FT001 is installed in the air intlet end; Fuel cell pile 200 is connected with humidifier C-1 and air pump K-1 in turn; The second electromagnetically operated valve SV-008 is installed on the inlet duct of air pump K-1, and the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009 is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue, and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve SV010 is installed on the inlet pipeline of air flue.
Air flue is provided with flow sensor (FT001), second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008), the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009)); Flow sensor (FT001) is installed in the air intlet end; Second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008); Be installed on the inlet duct of air pump (K-1), fuel cell pile (200) is connected with humidifier (C-1) and air pump (K-1) in turn, and the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009) is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue;
Circulation circuit is provided with coolant circulation pump P-1 and cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 in the cooling; Coolant circulation pump P-1 is installed on the cooling fluid inlet duct of fuel cell pile 200, and cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 is connected the cooling fluid arrival end of fuel cell pile 200 or the cooling liquid outlet end of fuel cell pile 200.
Cooling outer circulation loop is provided with outer circulation coolant pump P-2 and rotational speed governor SC003 thereof, and outer circulation coolant pump P-2 and rotational speed governor SC003 thereof are installed on the pipeline in cooling outer circulation loop.
Referring to Fig. 2, electric power output loop comprises direct current power converting means DC/DC1, energy storage device 400, inverter AC/DC, isolating diode D-1, charge controller CC-1, host switch S1, A.C. contactor ET007, subsidiary engine switch S 2,12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3.
The output of fuel cell pile 200 through host switch S1 and direct current power converting means DC/DC1 input link to each other; The output of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 links to each other with energy storage device 400 with isolating diode D-1 through charge controller CC-1; The output of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 links to each other with user side USER with inverter AC/DC simultaneously, and inverter AC/DC links to each other with AC network AC through A.C. contactor ET007.
Energy storage device 400 adopts lead acid accumulator or ultracapacitor.
The input of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 is equipped with current sensor ET003 and voltage sensor ET004.
Direct current power converting means DC/DC1, energy storage device 400, inverter AC/DC, isolating diode D-1, charge controller CC-1, host switch S1 and A.C. contactor ET007 and each transducer link to each other with central controller respectively.
In electric power output loop; Subsidiary engine switch S 2 links to each other respectively with the output of fuel cell pile 200, the output of energy storage device 400, the input of 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and the input of 24V DC converter DC/DC3, and the output of the output of 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3 links to each other with subsidiary engine power terminal 500 respectively.
The working condition of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention is described below.
System hydrogen loop: at first through a pressure sensor PT004, be depressurized the pressure 30kPa that needs into fuel cell pile 200 through manual gas pressure-reducing valve PIC003 then from the high pressure hydrogen that stores up the hydrogen device; Through of the supply of an electromagnetically operated valve SV002 control hydrogen, mix the hydrogen inlet 1 of back entering fuel cell pile 200 from the dry hydrogen gas of hydrogen source gas with from the wet hydrogen of hydrogen recycle pump P-3 gas vent again to fuel cell pile 200; The hydrogen tail gas that has neither part nor lot in reaction is discharged pile from the outlet 2 of fuel cell pile 200 together with the aqueous water that reaction produces; The hydrogen outlet 2 of fuel cell pile links to each other with the hydrogen inlet 3 of exhaust gas treating device W-1; Through getting into hydrogen recycle pump P-3 from hydrogen outlet 4 after carbonated drink separation and the toxic emission; Collect remaining hydrogen tail gas through after boosting, accomplish hydrogen recycle.
The system air path: air gets into air pump K-1 through filter S-1, electromagnetically operated valve SV010 and flow sensor FT001; After boosting air, K-1 pumps into the dry air import 5 of air humidifier C-1; Air behind the humidification gets into the air intake 7 of fuel cell piles 200 from air outlet slit 6, and near 7 setting pressure transducer PT002; The air tail gas that reaction finishes carries the humid air import 9 of product water from the air outlet slit 8 entering humidifier C-1 of fuel cell pile 200; Through discharging from exporting 10 with the damp and hot exchange of dry air back; Key in the air intake 11 of fuel cell tail gas processor W-1 then, aqueous vapor is separated air outlet slit 12 discharges of back from W-1, gets into threeway 13 then; One the tunnel leads to electromagnetically operated valve SV009, and other one the tunnel leads to electromagnetically operated valve SV008.
Circulation circuit in the system cools: at first pass through temperature sensor TE002 from the cooling fluid that the coolant outlet 14 of fuel cell pile 200 flows out; Get into from the inlet 15 of liquid reserve tank V-1; Liquid reserve tank V-1 is furnished with liquid level sensor LSA001; Cooling fluid gets into heat exchanger E-1 through liquid reserve tank V-1 outlet 16, and 17 outlets of cooling agent process heat exchange cooling back heat exchanger get into coolant circulation pump P-1, and process is boosted after excess temperature transducer TE001 gets into the cooling fluid inlet 18 of pile.
Circulation cooling outer circulation loop: the heat that carries fuel cell pile 200 from the outer circulation cooling fluid of heat exchanger E-1 outlet 19 outflows gets into radiator H-1; After heat was dispelled the heat by fan forced convection, the outer circulation cooling fluid was returned heat exchanger E-1 after getting into outer circulation coolant pump P-2 supercharging.
Systematic electricity output: fuel cell pile 200 is made up of the multi-disc monocell, and in the load system course of work, monolithic voltage detector CVM001 guarantees that each single battery voltage is not less than 0.3V.The output of the electric power of fuel cell pile 200 is controlled by host switch S1, and each assembly works well when system, and when fuel cell pile 200 possessed external output condition, host switch S1 was in closure state.The current sensor ET003 of current supply circuit and the first voltage sensor ET004 measure the electric current and the voltage of current supply circuit respectively.
The both positive and negative polarity of fuel cell pile 200 is connected with the input of direct current power converting means DC/DC1, and direct current power converting means DC/DC1 accepts two control setup parameters: maximum output current (perhaps maximum input current) Imax and maximum output voltage Vmax.The power line that the output of direct current power converting means DC/DC1 connects is bus 102.
Bus 102 is except to user's 100 supply electric power; Also to 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3 electric power is provided through subsidiary engine switch S 2; The voltage that 12V DC converter DC/DC2 and 24V DC converter DC/DC3 are converted into this electric power varying level provides the supply of electric power when starting for system's subsidiary engine, and these system's subsidiary engines include but not limited to the devices such as various transducers, electromagnetically operated valve, control pump and relay of various control subsidiary engine supply of electric power.
Bus 102 is also at the setup parameter Imax of CC-1; Under the charge; Through the maximum charging current of charge controller CC-1 and diode D-1 control to energy storage device 400, prevent energy storage device 400 overshoots, and diode D-1 can so that discharging current can unhinderedly release out.
Inverter AC/DC on the bus 102 is converted into direct current with alternating current in electrical network AC power supply, supply with and give user 100 or give energy storage device 400 chargings, and whether A.C. contactor ET007 can detect AC network AC and cut off the power supply.
Referring to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the invention provides a kind of control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system, central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system start-up:
110) electrical network or energy storage device begin, to open second pressure sensor PT004 inspection and interrupt by " start " pushbutton enable system to after central controller and the system's subsidiary engine power supply; Opening bus voltage Vbus inspection interrupts; Each sensor data acquisition begins and the interruption of reporting to the police;
120) judge whether busbar voltage is lower than predeterminated voltage, promptly Vbus＜Vstartup=default value 52V does not perhaps have high-tension electricity supply condition VAC=O, if carry out next step; If not, the shielding enabling signal is opened the shutdown response signal, and satisfying condition then jumps to shutdown programm, returns a step;
130) open the first electromagnetically operated valve SV-002 and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve SV010; Close the second electromagnetically operated valve SV-008; Open the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009; Control air pump K-1 is with the 15%-50% work 1-5s of specified air inflow, and constant in then specified air inflow 10%-30% continuous firing, specified air inflow is meant that pile is operated in the air inflow under the rated power;
140) start coolant circulation pump P-1, hydrogen recycle pump P-3 begins with normal speed work; Opening monolithic voltage detector CVM001 regular check interrupts; Open the first pressure sensor PT001 and second pressure sensor PT004 inspection and interrupt, guarantee the supply of hydrogen; Open direct current power converting means DC/DC1, set its output Imax and equal 1, make fuel cell pile 200 beginnings externally export;
Whether the output current of 150) judging fuel cell pile (200) greater than predetermined current, i.e. Imax＞10 are if carry out next step; If, do not carry out the 170th) step;
160) subsidiary engine switch S 2 is switched on the fuel cell pile;
170) through PID control flows quantity sensor FT001; Making air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion constant is 2.2; When air inlet amount during less than preset minimum air inflow, the air demand of air pump K-1 is constant to be this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
180) set Imax and equal two times of cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 registration;
190) judge that whether cooling-water temperature sensor TE001 is less than 55 ℃, if return the 150th) step; If, do not carry out next step;
200) the rotational speed governor SC003 through PID control outer circulation coolant pump P-2,57 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile 200 of control water temperature transducer TE001;
210) constant through PID control air air inlet stoichiometric proportion is 2.2, and when air inlet amount during less than preset minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump K-1 is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
220) set Imax with the slope of fuel cell pile 200 output-current rating per second 1%-5%;
230) judge whether output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax, if carry out next step more than or equal to DC/DC1; If, do not return the 200th) step;
240) through 57 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile 200 of PID control water temperature transducer TE001;
250) through PID control flows quantity sensor FT001, constant is 2.2, and when air inlet amount during less than predetermined minimum air inflow, the air demand of constant air pump K-1 is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
260) judge whether that current changing rate is greater than the 220th) slope set of step, i.e. dI/dt＞5 are if return the 200th) step; If, do not return the 240th) the step circulation.
System is after installing; Through top step, after central controller is accomplished the startup and preheating of fuel cell pile 200 to system, implement load changing control; Adopt the PID method; Through the rotational speed governor SC003 of control outer circulation coolant pump P-2 and the cooling liquid inlet water temperature of control fuel cell pile 200, advance under the situation of air in the assurance linearity, constantly adjust the cut-off current of Imax according to output (input) the electric current amplification of 5A/s; Make fuel cell pile 200 export increasing electric current; And the output of the electric current of energy storage device 400 is fewer and feweri relatively, charges to energy storage device 400 through bus 102 up to fuel cell pile 200, up to actual output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax more than or equal to DC/DC1.At this moment fuel cell pile 200 had both been given the power of user's 100 demand and supplies, gave energy storage device 400 chargings again, and As time goes on charging current will be more and more littler, finally equal zero.Central controller will check constantly whether load has sudden change, if do not find sudden change, will constantly regulate and control water temperature and air inflow, otherwise will turn back to electric current climbing program part, adapt to the sudden change of load gradually through the mode of current limliting.
In other embodiment of the control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, in the control sequence of central controller to system start-up, air inlet is controlled except can using above-mentioned PID control method; For practicing thrift cost; Can also not use the PID control method to mass flow, remove flow sensor FT001, the air that working pressure transducer PT002 obtains advances to pile pressure; Making one advances to pile pressure and advances to pile the corresponding one by one form of air mass flow; Regulate and control the air inflow of air according to look-up table, simple and quick, all the other control methods are constant.Concrete steps are: in the control sequence execution in step of above-mentioned central controller to system start-up; With the 170th) step, the 210th) step, the 250th) step replaces with following step respectively; Then, carry out its separately next step respectively: the output current that obtains fuel cell pile 200 by current sensor ET003; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile 200 of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile 200 contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump K-1, obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump K-1; The rotating speed of regulating air pump K-1 reaches this inlet pressure value.
Referring to Fig. 5, in the control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of the present invention, central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system closedown:
300) detect and not to be raised to preset shutdown voltage on the bus 102 voltage Vbus, i.e. Vbus＞Vshutdown=53V is if carry out next step;
310) set direct current power converting means DC/DC1 and be output as a preset value Imax=3A;
320) shielding monolithic voltage detector CVM001 status checkout interrupts;
330) open the second electromagnetically operated valve SV008, close the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve SV009;
340) air pump K-1 supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device 400 and keeps 10% rated speed;
350) whether judge direct current power converting means DC/DC1 output less than preset final voltage, i.e. Vcell＜1V is if carry out next step; If, do not return the 330th) the step circulation;
360) close direct current power converting means DC/DC1; Close air pump K-1; System closedown finishes, and gets into holding state.
In shutdown process, 102 voltage Vbus are raised to shutdown voltage when bus, after perhaps electrical network has been sent a telegram here, through air pump K-1 supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device 400 and keeps 10% rated speed, till voltage is reduced to 1V.This moment, hydrogen and air were exhausted basically, had eliminated the OCV phenomenon, and system changes holding state then over to.
Embodiment recited above describes preferred implementation of the present invention, is not that design of the present invention and scope are limited.Under the prerequisite that does not break away from design concept of the present invention; Various modification and improvement that this area ordinary person makes technical scheme of the present invention; All should drop into protection scope of the present invention, the technology contents that the present invention asks for protection all is documented in claims.
Claims (10)
1. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; Comprise main and auxiliaries; Said main frame comprises fuel cell pile (200), electric power output loop and central controller; Said subsidiary engine comprises circulation circuit and cooling outer circulation loop in hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, and circulation circuit links to each other with said fuel cell pile (200) respectively with electric power output loop in said hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, and said fuel cell pile (200) is connected with monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300); Said cooling outer circulation loop links to each other through heat exchanger (E-1) with the interior circulation circuit of cooling, it is characterized in that:
Said hydrogen loop is provided with first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002), hydrogen recycle pump (P-3), first pressure sensor (PT001) and second pressure sensor (PT004); Said first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002) is installed on the hydrogen inlet pipeline; Said hydrogen recycle pump (P-3) is installed on the hydrogen inlet end (1) and the pipeline between the hydrogen outlet end (2) of said fuel cell pile (200); Said first pressure sensor (PT001) is installed in the hydrogen inlet end of said fuel cell pile (200), and said second pressure sensor (PT004) is installed in the high pressure hydrogen entrance point from storage hydrogen device;
Said air flue is provided with flow sensor (FT001), second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008), the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009) and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve (SV010); Said flow sensor (FT001) is installed in the air intlet end; Said fuel cell pile (200) is connected with humidifier (C-1) and air pump (K-1) in turn; Said second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008) is installed on the inlet duct of said air pump (K-1); Said the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009) is installed on the outlet conduit of air flue, and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve (SV010) is installed on the inlet pipeline of air flue;
Circulation circuit is provided with coolant circulation pump (P-1) and cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) in the said cooling; Said coolant circulation pump (P-1) is installed on the cooling fluid inlet duct of said fuel cell pile (200), and said cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) is connected the cooling fluid arrival end of said fuel cell pile (200) or the cooling liquid outlet end of said fuel cell pile (200);
Said cooling outer circulation loop is provided with outer circulation coolant pump (P-2) and rotational speed governor (SC003) thereof, and said outer circulation coolant pump (P-2) and rotational speed governor (SC003) thereof are installed on the pipeline in cooling outer circulation loop;
Said electric power output loop comprises direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), energy storage device (400), inverter (AC/DC), isolating diode (D-1), charge controller (CC-1), host switch (S1) and A.C. contactor (ET007); The output of said fuel cell pile (200) links to each other with the input of said direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) through said host switch (S1); The output of said direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) links to each other with said energy storage device (400) with isolating diode (D-1) through said charge controller (CC-1); The output of said direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) links to each other with user side (100) with said inverter (AC/DC) simultaneously, and said inverter (AC/DC) links to each other with AC network (AC) through said A.C. contactor (ET007);
The input of said direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) is equipped with current sensor (ET003) and voltage sensor (ET004);
Said direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), energy storage device (400), inverter (AC/DC), isolating diode (D-1), charge controller (CC-1), host switch (S1) and A.C. contactor (ET007) and each transducer link to each other with said central controller respectively.
2. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: wherein said electric power output loop also comprises subsidiary engine switch (S2), at least one DC converter; Said subsidiary engine switch (S2) links to each other respectively with the output of said fuel cell pile (200), the output of energy storage device (400) and the input of DC converter, and the output of said DC converter links to each other with subsidiary engine power terminal (500) respectively.
3. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 2; It is characterized in that: wherein said hydrogen loop is provided with manual gas pressure-reducing valve (PIC003), and said manual gas pressure-reducing valve (PIC003) is installed on the high pressure hydrogen inlet pipeline of said first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002) front end.
4. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: wherein said central controller is made up of processor, memory and man-machine interface.
5. fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: wherein said energy storage device (400) adopts lead acid accumulator or ultracapacitor.
6. the control method of a fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; This method adopts the arbitrary described fuel cell stand-by power supply control system of claim 1-5; Circulation circuit in fuel cell pile (200), hydrogen loop, air flue, the cooling, cooling outer circulation loop, electric power output loop and central controller are set; Said fuel cell pile (200) is connected with monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300); Said electric power output loop is provided with direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), energy storage device (400), charge controller (CC-1) and inverter (AC/DC), it is characterized in that: said central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system start-up:
110) electrical network or said energy storage device begin, to open second pressure sensor (PT004) inspection and interrupt by " start " pushbutton enable system to after said central controller and the system's subsidiary engine power supply; Opening bus voltage Vbus inspection interrupts; Each sensor data acquisition begins and the interruption of reporting to the police;
120) judge whether busbar voltage is lower than predeterminated voltage, promptly Vbus＜Vstartup does not perhaps have high-tension electricity and supplies with, if carry out next step; If not, the shielding enabling signal is opened the shutdown response signal, and satisfying condition then jumps to shutdown programm, returns a step;
130) open first electromagnetically operated valve (SV-002) and the 4th electromagnetically operated valve (SV010); Close second electromagnetically operated valve (SV-008); Open the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV-009), control air pump (K-1) is with the 15%-50% work 1-5s of specified air inflow, and is constant in then specified air inflow 10%-30% continuous firing;
140) start coolant circulation pump (P-1), hydrogen recycle pump (P-3) begins with normal speed work; Opening monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300) regular check interrupts; Open the inspection of first pressure sensor (PT001) and second pressure sensor (PT004) and interrupt, guarantee the supply of hydrogen; Open direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), externally output of said fuel cell pile (200) beginning;
Whether the output current of 150) judging said fuel cell pile (200) is greater than predetermined current, if carry out next step; If, do not carry out the 170th) step;
160) subsidiary engine switch (S2) is switched on the said fuel cell pile (200);
170) through PID control flows quantity sensor (FT001); Make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion; When air inlet amount during less than preset minimum air inflow; The air demand of air pump (K-1) is constant to be this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
180) setting Imax is the several times of the current electric current registration of cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001);
190) whether judge cooling-water temperature sensor (TE001) less than preset temperature, this preset temperature is 45 ℃～80 ℃, if return the 150th) step; If, do not carry out next step;
200) rotational speed governor (SC003) through PID control outer circulation coolant pump (P-2), 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile (200) of control water temperature transducer (TE001);
210) through PID control air air inlet stoichiometric proportion; Make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion; When air inlet amount during less than preset minimum air inflow; The air demand of constant air pump (K-1) is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
220) slope with fuel cell pile (200) output-current rating per second variation 1%-5% changes Imax;
230) judge whether output current and the maximum charging current sum of Imax, if carry out next step more than or equal to direct current power converting means (DC/DC1); If, do not return the 200th) step;
240) through 50-80 ℃ of the constant nominal operation temperature at fuel cell pile (200) of PID control water temperature transducer (TE001);
250) through PID control flows quantity sensor (FT001); Make the constant 1.8-2.5 of being of air inlet amount stoichiometric proportion; When air inlet amount during less than predetermined minimum air inflow; The air demand of constant air pump (K-1) is this minimum air inflow, and this minimum air inflow scope is the 5%-20% of specified air inflow;
260) judge whether that the change in current rate is greater than the 220th) go on foot the slope of setting, if return the 200th) step; If, do not return the 240th) the step circulation.
7. the control method of fuel cell stand-by power supply control system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: said central controller is carried out following steps to the control sequence of system closedown:
300) detect and not to be raised to preset shutdown voltage on the bus 102 voltage Vbus, i.e. Vbus＞Vshutdown is if carry out next step;
310) setting direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) output Imax is a preset value;
320) shielding monolithic voltage detector (CVM001300) status checkout interrupts;
330) open second electromagnetically operated valve (SV008), close the 3rd electromagnetically operated valve (SV009);
340) air pump (K-1) supply of electric power is switched to energy storage device (400) and keeps 10% rated speed;
350) judge that whether direct current power converting means (DC/DC1) output is less than preset final voltage, if carry out next step; If, do not return the 330th) the step circulation;
360) close direct current power converting means (DC/DC1), close air pump (K-1), shutdown finishes, and gets into holding state.
8. according to the control method of claim 6 or 7 described fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; It is characterized in that: in the control sequence execution in step of said central controller to system start-up, the 170th) step replace with following each step: (ET003) obtains the output current of fuel cell pile (200) by current sensor; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile (200) of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile (200) contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump (K-1), obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump (K-1); The rotating speed of regulating air pump (K-1) reaches this inlet pressure value.
9. according to the control method of claim 6 or 7 described fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; It is characterized in that: in the control sequence execution in step of said central controller to system start-up, the 210th) step replace with following each step: (ET003) obtains the output current of fuel cell pile (200) by current sensor; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile (200) of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile (200) contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump (K-1), obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump (K-1); The rotating speed of regulating air pump (K-1) reaches this inlet pressure value.
10. according to the control method of claim 6 or 7 described fuel cell stand-by power supply control system; It is characterized in that: in the control sequence execution in step of said central controller to system start-up, the 250th) step replace with following each step: (ET003) obtains the output current of fuel cell pile (200) by current sensor; Monolithic battery number * stoichiometric proportion/the air that calculates the output current * 0.0035 * fuel cell pile (200) of air inlet amount=fuel cell pile (200) contains the oxygen ratio; According to the flow rate pressure corresponding relation of air pump (K-1), obtain the inlet pressure value of air pump (K-1); The rotating speed of regulating air pump (K-1) reaches this inlet pressure value.
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| CN112092681B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-03-02 | 北京理工大学深圳汽车研究院(电动车辆国家工程实验室深圳研究院) | Energy input and output monitoring device for hydrogen fuel cell power system |
| CN113178596B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2023-09-26 | 内蒙古民族大学 | Hydrogen energy recycling and cleaning hybrid power system for reworking machinery |
| CN113276729B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-05-30 | 北京氢沄新能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell control method, system and vehicle |
| CN114123176B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2024-04-30 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Emergency power supply equipment for preventing power interruption of power distribution network caused by natural disasters |
| CN115085278A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-09-20 | 深圳市南科动力科技有限公司 | Hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and power generation method thereof |
| CN115395050B (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2023-02-14 | 深圳市氢蓝时代动力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system |
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