CN102012359A - Liquid multi-parameter sensor - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid multi-parameter sensor. The sensor comprises light source lighting systems (1, 2), optical sensing heads (3, 4), reflected light energy collection systems (5, 6) and an image acquisition and analysis system (7), wherein the light source lighting systems (1, 2) are used for generating divergent beams of small light spots; the optical sensing heads (3, 4) are contacted with liquid to be measured and form a reflecting interface through which the divergent beams are reflected; the reflected light energy collection systems (5, 6) are used for converting a reflected optical signal into an electric signal and outputting the electric signal; and the image acquisition and analysis system (7) is used for receiving the electric signal and further performing image acquisition, image processing and data analysis to finish measurement of various parameters of the liquid to be measured. The liquid multi-parameter sensor can detect various pieces of parameter information such as density, reflectivity, concentration and the like on line in real time, and has the characteristics of high accuracy, long service life, high anti-interference capacity and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measure and optical field, be specifically related to a kind of optical sensor, be used for the measurement of the multiple parameter of liquid.
Background technology
Correlation parameters such as density, refractive index, concentration, Baum, pol are the important indicators of liquid properties.Between these parameters linear relationship is arranged, can convert mutually.The measurement mechanism of this class parameter is widely used in every field such as national economy and national defence, for example: process monitoring and Quality Detection in oil refining, pharmacy, papermaking, food or the like production, can save cost and improve quality.Be example with the density measure technology below, do the background technology introduction.
Fluid density is an important parameter, has had many technology to realize the fluid density metering at present.The domestic metering of always paying attention to fluid density, but because scientific and technological level is limited, in one period after the founding of the state, measuring method is relatively backward.But, prosperous and powerful day by day along with national economic strength, and the improving constantly of scientific research level by the study to external part technology, have been found a lot of advanced persons' metering system and have been dropped into use.At present, what on-the-spot use was more is the liquidensitometer of float-type or oscillatory type, and the application of ultrasonic Detection Method also increases gradually.
Float type densimeter is according to Archimedes' principle, changes by the float displacement and the buoyancy that will be immersed in the liquid, is transformed into various electricity or the mechanical detection signal is measured fluid density.Generally can be divided into two kinds of floatation type and full immersed types.At the initial stage of industrial and agricultural production, this method is used widely with its simple and practical acquisition.But shortcoming is also fairly obvious, and for floatation type float method, it is influenced by environmental temperature, and precision and sensitivity are very low.Though the suffered surface tension of liquid influence of full immersed type float method is little, real-time is poor, and is very responsive to flow rate of liquid.Therefore, this method is not suitable for the measurement of high precision, fast flow velocity.
Cylinder shell resonant liquid densitometer is used comparatively extensive, and the research new development is also many.Its measuring principle is that the vibration by harmonic oscillator realizes.Harmonic oscillator can equivalence be a single-mode system in the course of the work, and the natural frequency of system is relevant with equivalent mass and elasticity coefficient in the system.When the elastic sensing element in the system contacts with liquid phase, changed the equivalent mass of system, make the natural frequency of system change, the natural frequency by measuring system obtains density information indirectly.The use kind of the sensitive element of this principle is more, have vibration tube-type, section's formula quality meter formula,, tuning-fork type or the like.This method is used morely in the fluid density kinetic measurement, still, exists detection speed slow, to the site environment requirement, and the shortcoming that maintenance cost is higher, it has become a kind of measuring method of traditional poor efficiency.
Also once used above method abroad, but the defective that its contact type measurement mode is brought can not realize by improving design, like this, contactless metering method is also just arisen at the historic moment, and what it was representative is exactly radioactive ray formula density sensor and Ultrasonic liquid density sensor.
The ray type sensor time can give off the principle of ray according to radioactive isotope with the form of particle or ripple in decay, and when ray passed medium, the variation of transmitted intensity was subjected to the influence of Media density.Use photomultiplier, after measuring ray process liquid, receive ray, come density measurement according to the ratio of intensity.Ray commonly used is a gamma-rays.The advantage of this mode is a contact measured liquid not, and convection cell can not produce resistance, to flow unbounded size system, can measure multi-phase fluid concentration.But radiant rays can cause than major injury human body, and therefore, this method is seldom used at present.
Ultrasonic Detection Method is the advanced measuring method that produces recently.Ultrasound wave is that frequency is higher than 20kHz, and the speed of its propagation, frequency, phase place and the dough softening are propagated the influence that all is subjected to medium character in liquid.What utilize at present often is that the relation of acoustic impedance and ultrasonic velocity and fluid density is measured.This method advantage is to have realized non-cpntact measurement, and response is fast, and the measuring accuracy height is "dead", measurement stability is good, but the impurity in the liquid can cause the serious decay of ultrasonic signal as bubble etc., make and measure instability, in addition, liquid viscosity also has a significant impact precision measurement.Nonetheless, the mode of ultrasound wave Density Detection is called as one of the most promising detection mode with its superiority.
Except above several detection methods, utilizing optical principle to carry out the fluid density metering is nearest main research direction, and achievement is very remarkable at present.Optical means is to obtain information such as density of liquid indirectly by measuring light information transmitted in liquid.It is good to be characterized in surveying the anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI) of light path, little to the liquid influence, the measuring accuracy height, and highly sensitive, volume can design very for a short time, and versatility is good, can realize on-line measurement etc.But, its measurement range is subjected to the restriction of instrument and solution to be measured, and optical correction's complexity.Its measuring method is various, as geometrical optics approach, wave optics method, Fibre Optical Sensor method etc.
Geometrical optics approach utilizes Si Nieer (Snell) principle, obtains liquid refractivity by measuring with the angle relevant information, according to the linear relationship between fluid density and the refractive index, and then again refractive index is converted into density information.After the Abbe sixties in 19th century (Abbe) refractometer is invented less than 100 years in, produced some outstanding measuring techniques to contemporary optics surveying instrument generation significant impact in this field, main has: Abbe (Abbe) refractometry, Pulfrich (Pulfrich) refractometry, immersion refractometry, angle of minimum deviation method and V-type prism method.This class measuring method principle is simple, measurement is accurate, antijamming capability is strong.In 20 th century later, along with the maturation of semiconductor technology and electronic technology, the automatic measurement that utilizes optical principle to carry out the liquid refractivity correlative is this field research direction in recent years, and relevant report is more.
The wave optics method is to make to produce optical path difference between flashlight and the reference light, and allows two-beam interfere the generation interference fringe, because optical path difference is relevant with liquid refractivity, its difference just directly is reflected on the spacing of striped.This method has been inherited a part of advantage of geometrical optics approach, and sensitivity is greatly improved, but the system design complexity, the bar detection difficulty.
The optical fiber sensing technology kind is more, and this method has different developing direction according to the principle difference of utilizing, as branches such as curved fiber, fiber grating, fiber end face echo and optical fiber surface plasmon resonance bodies.Its common feature is that volume is little, highly sensitive, the characteristics of anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI).Strength of fluid sensor based on optical fiber is of a great variety.Though these systems are in structure and different in form, measuring principle all is based on the transmission rule of light wave at optical fiber surface and liquid contact position energy.This class refractive index detection fiber sensing system requires to have usually two kinds of detection modes according to difference, and a kind of is that the monochromatic light road is detected, it is simple in structure, and is easy to use, and used components and parts are not had specific (special) requirements, but it is frangible to exist nuditing fiber, is adhered to problems such as impurity and bubble interference; A kind of is the double light path detection system, it can eliminate the temperature drift and the influence such as non-linear of the shake of light source drift, light source, detector amplifier, have precision height, reliable and stable advantage, but require components and parts to have strict symmetry, this will increase system complexity and cost undoubtedly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose the liquid multi-parameter sensor of a cover based on the optical total-reflection principle, based on critical angle method (Critical Angle Method, abbreviation CAM) obtains liquid refractive index, accurately measure relevant multiple parameters such as fluid density, refractive index and concentration according to refractive index with the relation of multiple parameter to be measured again, reach high precision, reliable, real-time online measuring liquid purpose.
Realize that the concrete technical scheme that purpose of the present invention adopts is as follows:
A kind of liquid sensor comprises: light-source illuminating system is used to produce the divergent beams of little luminous point; Optical sensing head contacts and forms reflecting interface with testing liquid, and above-mentioned divergent beams are reflected behind this reflecting interface; The energy of reflection light collection system is used for the light signal switching electrical signals from above-mentioned reflection, and output; With the image acquisition analytic system, be used to receive described electric signal, and and then finish collection, Flame Image Process and the data analysis of image, finish measurement to testing liquid.
Optical sensing head of the present invention comprises isosceles prism and parallel plate glass, two of these girdle mirrors are waited central plane S1 to contact with air with S4, the bottom surface S2 of isosceles prism fits with described parallel plate glass and contacts, this parallel plate glass lower surface contacts and forms described reflecting interface S3 with testing liquid
Described divergent beams enter the isosceles prism through waiting central plane S1 to reflect from air, again then by entering described parallel plate glass after the bottom surface S2 refraction, light beam is incident on described reflecting interface S3 last formation hot spot and is reflected, enter the isosceles prism once more by bottom surface S2 refraction again, then by waiting central plane S4 to reflect away from these girdle mirrors.
Energy of reflection light collection system of the present invention comprises output coupling optical system and planar array photoelectric device, the light beam that comes out from isosceles prismatic refraction is radiated on the light-sensitive surface of planar array photoelectric device by described output coupling optical system, thereby with the light signal switching electrical signals.
Planar array photoelectric device of the present invention is used to collect two-dimentional light signal, can be area array CCD, also can be face battle array CMOS.
Light-source illuminating system of the present invention comprises light source and input coupling optical system, and the light beam of this light source outgoing forms the divergent beams of little luminous point after by this input coupling optical system.
Input coupling optical system of the present invention comprises fiber coupling system and optical fiber, and the light beam of light source outgoing enters optical fiber by this fiber coupling system from an end, in the outgoing of the optical fiber other end, forms described divergent beams.
Measuring beam in the online liquid multi-parameter sensor system adopts divergent beams, measuring on optical element and the liquid contact interface, light beam forms a larger area hot spot, last photo-electric conversion element---the planar array photoelectric device collection has the flare pattern of terminator, and this optical texture can improve system's antijamming capability greatly.Adopt isosceles prism and parallel plate glass and measure optical element; the isosceles prismatic action is measured light path for forming core; acting as of parallel plate glass can conveniently seal prism, and plays the protection prismatic action, and parallel plate glass can low-costly be changed after being scratched by accident.The online liquid multi-parameter sensor of the present invention can detect in real time, and has characteristics such as precision height, the life-span is long, antijamming capability is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a liquid multi-parameter sensor systematic schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is light-source illuminating system design concept figure.
Fig. 3 is that divergent beams are reflecting synoptic diagram at the interface.
Fig. 4 is the relation curve of reflectivity and incident angle on glass and four kinds of different refractivity liquid surfaces.
Fig. 5 a is refractive index and concentration relationship curves such as sulfuric acid.
Fig. 5 b is sulfuric acid refractive index and density and concentration relationship curve.
Fig. 6 a is the image that sensor obtains in air the time, the whole total reflections of light in the visual field.
Fig. 6 b is the image that sensor obtains when immersing liquid, right side, boundary line light total reflection in the visual field, and left side luminous energy partial reflection partly reflects.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention mainly is made up of four parts: light-source illuminating system, and optical sensing head, the energy of reflection light collection system, image acquisition analytic system 7 is formed.Systematic schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1.
Wherein said light-source illuminating system comprises light source 1, input coupling optical system 2, as shown in Figure 2; Described optical sensing head comprises isosceles prism 3, parallel plate glass 4, two of these girdle mirrors 3 are waited central plane S1 to contact with air with S4, described parallel plate glass 4 is set under the bottom surface of isosceles prism 3, interface is S2, this parallel plate glass 4 is positioned on the testing liquid surface, forms interface S3; Described energy of reflection light collection system comprises output coupling optical system 5, planar array photoelectric device 6.
The online liquid multi-parameter sensor of the present invention principle of work is as follows:
The light beam of light source 1 outgoing forms a branch of divergent beams by input coupling optical system 2 backs, these divergent beams then reflect from air through the S1 of isosceles prism 3 face and enter isosceles prism 3, then enter parallel plate glass 4 after the interface S2 refraction by these girdle mirrors 3 and parallel plate glass 4 again, these light beams reflect on the interface S3 of parallel plate glass 4 and liquid.
Reflection ray on the S3 of interface then enters isosceles prism 3 once more by interface S2 refraction, enter the air from prism 3 refractions by 3 S4 of isosceles prism then, at last by described output coupling optical system 5 with light beam irradiates on the planar array photoelectric device light-sensitive surface, with the light signal switching electrical signals.Described image acquisition analytic system 7 is finished collection, Flame Image Process and the data analysis of image by described electric signal, finally provides the density measurement value.
The characteristics of this sensor are: divergent beams are radiated on the interface S3 of parallel plate glass 4 and liquid by parallel plate glass 4, form a larger area hot spot, rather than the luminous point of a focusing.This light beam is radiated on the planar array photoelectric device at last and is accepted.If following situation: in long-time the use, parallel plate glass face S3 small size is covered by impurity or minute bubbles, this moment, incident light was at glass and coverture boundary reflection in this zone, rather than at glass and testing liquid boundary reflection, the energy of comparing this regional reflex light with close region will be shown as blackening or speck with unusual on planar array photoelectric device.Planar array photoelectric device can remove this blackening or speck by Flame Image Process, eliminates this interference and accurately obtains the terminator position.
The present invention has utilized the critical angle refractometer to measure the principle of refractive index.Refractometer is measured liquid refractivity and is based on the optical total-reflection principle, also claims critical angle method.Theoretical and experimental result shows that liquid refractivity and its density have strong correlation, and fluid density can obtain by measuring refractive index.To discuss refractometer below in detail and measure the method for refractive index.According to Si Nieer (Snell) principle, when light is refracted into optically thinner medium from optically denser medium, the refraction angle is greater than incident angle, and the refraction angle increases with the increase of incident angle, when incident angle increased to certain value, it was 90 degree that the refraction angle will increase, and promptly refract light will reflect along two medium interfaces, the incident angle of this moment is called critical angle, and note is made α.If incident angle continues to increase after reaching critical angle, light will no longer be refracted into optically thinner medium, and all be returned former optically denser medium by boundary reflection, and this phenomenon is called the total reflection of light.One timing of optically denser medium refractive index, the medium critical angle is determined by the optically thinner medium refractive index is unique.Among Fig. 3, incident beam is in energy redistribution at the interface, in the incident beam a part of incident angle all reflect greater than the light (light d to i) of α and another part incident angle less than light (light a to c) the energy part refracted portion reflection of α, can see a tangible terminator in refraction (perhaps reflection) direction.
Reflectance curve is explained the reason that this terminator forms lucidly.According to Si Nieer (Snell) principle, refraction and reflection must take place at any kind in light at the interface, and the reflectivity of light is the function of incident angle, sees Fig. 4.
Among Fig. 4 four curve descriptions light beam at glass (refractive index n
1Be 1.5163) and the relation of four kinds of different refractivity liquid surface place's reflectivity and incident angle.According to total reflection condition, critical angle α=arcsin (n
2/ n
1) (n
2And n
1Be respectively the refractive index of two media at the interface), the critical angle that can obtain four kinds of liquid correspondences successively is 61.3 °, 65.5 °, 70.6 °, 77.4 °.Article four, curve has a common trait, and hour reflectivity is constant for incident angle, but sharply increases near critical angle along with angle increases reflectivity.Light beam is described when optically denser medium is refracted into optically thinner medium, the light reflectance of critical angle both sides (or transmissivity) differs greatly, and forms a tangible terminator naturally.
Among Fig. 3, the constant and n of incident beam
1Necessarily, n
2During variation, α will along with and change this boundary line thereby also will be moved.Refractometer this terminator by obtaining to form owing to the light after the reflection (or refraction), thus determine critical angle α, according to formula, n
2=n
1Sin α finally measures the refractive index n of optically thinner medium to be measured
2
Parameters such as refractometer measurement fluid density are a kind of technology laws of comparative maturity.Refractive index is a kind of important physical parameter of optical medium, has reacted the optics fundamental property of material.Refractive index is relevant with the information of medium itself, and external condition one is fixed, and the situation of change of grasping medium refraction index just can be known character such as the optical property of material, density (or mass concentration etc.) and chromatic dispersion.Total reflection method is measured fluid density and has been utilized specific relation between the parameters such as refractive index and fluid density just, and the refractive index of measuring by refractometer obtains multiple parameters such as fluid density.
Two groups of data of Fig. 5 a, 5b are respectively the experimental data of U.S. electric mechanical company (The Electron-Machine Corporation) and Switzerland's plum Teller-Tuo benefit (Mettler-Toledo Group) company announcement, these two groups of data have represented that all sulfuric acid concentration is linear in the relation of following refractive index of 60% concentration and concentration, and this is consistent with theoretical conclusion.
Two images of Fig. 6 a, 6b experimental results show that to exist terminator in the image that for the flare pattern that experiment collects the Treatment Analysis image just can obtain correlation parameter information.
Generally speaking, the liquid refractive index that can utilize refractometer to measure according to experimental formula and scaling algorithm, finally detects multiple parameters such as density of liquid, thereby grasps other performance of liquid.
The present invention can be used for the dump energy of online real-time monitoring high capacity open type lead-acid accumulator, and the electrolytic solution principal ingredient is a sulfuric acid in the widely used lead-acid accumulator.In discharging and recharging use, the density of electrolytic solution has reflected the accumulator dump energy indirectly in the battery.The density that records sulfuric acid can be known the dump energy of lead-acid accumulator, and this will inevitably facilitate for using accumulator.More importantly be that the density of electrolyte of online detection lead-acid accumulator has significance to extending battery life, raising battery service efficiency.
In order accurately to obtain the dump energy of certain type accumulator, before design, the time dependent characteristic of the dump energy of the accumulator in the charge and discharge process, temperature, refractive index is investigated in detail and tested, obtaining system calibration needs data, and the measurement range of definite optical quantities and the factor that influences measuring accuracy.According to the schematic diagram and the measurement requirement of system, carry out design of Optical System, consider the extensibility of appropriateness redundancy and system.
According to the measurement The Calculation of Optical Path of design, at 1.35 liquid, use general planar array photoelectric device for refractive index under the normal temperature, visual field, center refractive index theoretical resolution has reached 0.00008 RI (refractive index, i.e. refractive index).Quite high resolution is for sensor measurement stability and research and development provide strong theoretical foundation.
In the actual design experiment, design of Optical System is to realize the core of this sensor.According to the measurement performance and the requirement of under abominable acquisition environment, working, the present invention is on the basis of Abbe refractometer, selected suitable light source, optical element and detector, design and novel refractometer light path of emulation are guaranteed the accuracy, rationality and the science that design.
According to the refractometer light path of design, physical construction reasonable in design.Three parts of respective sensor, this physical construction comprises four parts: light-source illuminating system physical construction, prism location physical construction, reflected light collection system physical construction, and the physical construction of outside lens barrel.This mechanical system structure must guarantee to realize the performance of design of Optical System.
Aspect high-speed image sampling and feature extraction, adopt high-precision high-speed A/D and highly integrated FPGA to finish the collection and the processing of image, this process must rationally be gathered out digital picture exactly, and takes the feature extraction algorithm that is fit to, and measuring speed satisfies real-time requirement.
Liquid refractivity is subjected to Temperature Influence, therefore, must study the rational temperature compensation technique, reduces the error of measuring.
Because the superiority of optical facilities and sensor measurement mode, the volume of system reduces greatly, outside output is relative simple with operation, but inner structure compactness, the battery pack of high precision image collection and disposal system and this extremely strong acid solution and big current work lumps together, must carry out careful Seal Design, acid-proof design and EMC Design, guarantee the reliability of system.
The present invention's type model machine major technique and performance index:
Annotate: * fluid density (correlation parameters such as concentration, Baum) all can unify to be converted to light refractive index (RI).The structure and material of design glass prism can obtain required measurement range.
Claims (6)
1. liquid multi-parameter sensor comprises:
Light-source illuminating system (1,2) is used to produce divergent beams;
Optical sensing head (3,4) contacts and forms reflecting interface with testing liquid, and above-mentioned divergent beams are reflected behind this reflecting interface;
Energy of reflection light collection system (5,6) is used for the light signal switching electrical signals from above-mentioned reflection, and output; With
Image acquisition analytic system (7) is used to receive described electric signal, and and then finish collection, Flame Image Process and the data analysis of image, finish measurement to the various parameters of testing liquid.
2. a kind of liquid multi-parameter sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described optical sensing head (3,4) comprise isosceles prism (3) and parallel plate glass (4), two of these girdle mirrors (3) are waited central plane S1 to contact with air with S4, the bottom surface S2 of isosceles prism (3) and described parallel plate glass (4) are fitted, and this parallel plate glass (4) lower surface contacts and form described reflecting interface S3 with testing liquid
Described divergent beams enter isosceles prism (3) through waiting central plane S1 to reflect from air, again then by entering described parallel plate glass (4) after the bottom surface S2 refraction, light beam is incident on described reflecting interface S3 last formation hot spot and is reflected, enter isosceles prism (3) once more by bottom surface S2 refraction again, then by waiting central plane S4 to reflect away from these girdle mirrors (3).
3. a kind of liquid multi-parameter sensor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described energy of reflection light collection system (5,6) comprise output coupling optical system (5) and planar array photoelectric device (6), the light beam that reflects from isosceles prism (3) is radiated on the light-sensitive surface of planar array photoelectric device (6) by described output coupling optical system (5), thereby with the light signal switching electrical signals.
4. a kind of liquid multi-parameter sensor according to claim 3 is characterized in that described planar array photoelectric device (6) is used to collect two-dimentional light signal, can be area array CCD, also can be face battle array CMOS.
5. according to the described a kind of liquid multi-parameter sensor of one of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, described light-source illuminating system (1,2) comprise light source (1) and input coupling optical system (2), the light beam of this light source (1) outgoing forms the divergent beams of little luminous point by this input coupling optical system (2) back.
6. a kind of liquid multi-parameter sensor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described input coupling optical system (2) comprises fiber coupling system (8) and optical fiber (9), the light beam of light source (1) outgoing enters optical fiber (9) by this fiber coupling system (8) from an end, in optical fiber (9) other end outgoing, form described divergent beams.
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