CN102011566B - Leakage risk early warning method for offshore oil and gas production device - Google Patents
Leakage risk early warning method for offshore oil and gas production device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102011566B CN102011566B CN201010522416.1A CN201010522416A CN102011566B CN 102011566 B CN102011566 B CN 102011566B CN 201010522416 A CN201010522416 A CN 201010522416A CN 102011566 B CN102011566 B CN 102011566B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of safety of offshore oil production, and relates to a leakage risk early warning method for an offshore oil and gas production device. In the method, five stages, namely initial leakage early warning, ignition early warning, result upgrading early warning, personal injury early warning and capital loss early warning, are set in turn according to process feature and process analysis of offshore oil and gas production; and when a leakage phenomenon is found, risk early warning is performed stage by stage according to the five steps. By the method, stage early warning and control of a leakage risk can be realized, the danger of the entire production process is reduced to the minimum level, and the requirements of safety, ordered operation and management of the offshore oil and gas production are met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to offshore oil production safety field, relate to a kind of offshore oil and gas process units risk of leakage method for early warning.
Background technology
At present, also there are many problems in oil gas treatment facility risks of construction control at sea with management aspect, and especially the risk control technology in deep-sea oil Development Engineering field does not also reach information-based, systematization and scientific.The issue table that faces is present: in the construction and manufacturing process of ocean engineering; Carrying out more at present is monitoring system; But Risk-warning and control method do not had deep research; That is to say and only realized monitoring function, and can not effectively control, do not form unified safety risk management system.When running into major accident such as leakage, can't implement in order, effective Risk-warning, thereby cause the generation of fire explosion, structure and chain incident such as device damage, casualties, national wealth and people's life safety have all been caused seriously influence.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defective of prior art; Set up the risk of leakage method for early warning of a cover to the offshore oil and gas process units; Cause in risk on the basis of calamity mechanism and process analysis; Integrate real-time monitoring system and effective detection means, realize dynamic risk control and management based on process analysis procedure analysis.The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of offshore oil and gas process units risk of leakage method for early warning; Process characteristic and process analysis procedure analysis according to offshore oil and gas production; Set gradually starting leakage early warning, igniting early warning, consequence upgrading early warning, personnel and injure early warning and five stages of loss of assets early warning; When finding to have leakage phenomenon, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
The first step: get into the starting leakage early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has external event to take place, and comprises dropped object and collision;
(2) whether inspection exists process disorderly, comprises overvoltage and overcurrent/fill;
(3) whether inspection exists technology or physical failure, comprise the inside and outside whether heavy corrosion, valve sealing means whether deterioration, flange packing ring whether deterioration, bolt tension whether lose, welded pipe deterioration whether;
(4) whether the inspection production period has operate miss, whether comprises in maloperation that whether valve and interim flexible pipe are arranged during the manual operation, the drainage system in the water seal lack of water;
(5) whether inspection exists the potential failure that the maintenance period introduces, and comprises during the maintenance flange or whether bolt assembles correctly, keeps in repair whether the back valve position is correct, whether sealing device is correctly selected and install;
(6) whether inspection the inefficacy relevant with design takes place;
Investigate above-mentioned (1) to (6), if equal Non Apparent Abnormality judges that then whole process of production is in the basic security state.After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection,, then judge meeting serious leakage incident, and carry out next step if there is one to go wrong;
Second step: in the inlet point windburn danger early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has gas alarm;
(2) whether the inspection high-temperature operation is isolated, and comprises thermal response tower, hot manifold, swivel bearing;
(3) whether inspection thermal exhaust surface shields, and comprises turbine exhaust, air-conditioning exhaust;
(4) whether inspection exists open flame source, comprises short circuit, welding and friction that the distribution board water inlet causes;
Investigation (1), is then judged and just incident of leakage is taken place and follow-up chain reaction can not take place if all occur unusually to (4).After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, judges ignition event can take place, carry out next step;
The 3rd step: get into the consequence upgrading stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has fire alarm;
(2) whether the inspection automatic fire extinguishing system normally moves;
(3) inspection oil gas inlet could be closed automatically, and if not, reexamining the oil gas inlet could manual-lock;
(4) whether the fire-proof and explosion-proof wall of inspection is provided with and whether has a sufficient intensity;
Investigation (1) if occur unusually, is then judged slight damage is taken place after (4).After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection,, then judge consequence upgrading incident can take place, and carry out next step if there is one to go wrong;
The 4th step: the entering personnel injure the early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether the inspection personnel can accept with respect to the distance of danger;
(2) whether inspection illumination and passage be normal;
(3) whether the inspection egress time is enough;
Investigation (1) if occur unusually, is then judged moderate damage is taken place after (3).After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, then judge the meeting generation personnel incident of injury, carry out next step;
The 5th step: get into the loss of assets early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection minimizes, i.e. whether inspection adopts compact apparatus, comprises reaction vessel and storage tank;
(2) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection substitutes, i.e. whether inspection adopts comparatively safe material and technology, and for example the use of inert gas and dangerous catalyzer substitutes;
(3) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection relaxes, and promptly checks whether safety of operating condition, for example: normal temperature, normal pressure and liquid state;
(4) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection is unreduced, i.e. whether inspection exists unreduced operation and technology, such as the hand gear and the additional control device of complicacy;
Investigation (1) is after (4), if the inspection item is all normal, then judges heavy damage takes place.After carrying out the inspection of above-mentioned each item, if there is one to go wrong, judge that then the starting leakage incident progressively is developed to catastrophic failure, promptly cause casualties, equipment stops production and the severe contamination of environment.
The risk of leakage method for early warning that is applied to the offshore oil and gas process units of the present invention; Through monitoring information to each operation stage; In conjunction with the Risk-warning flow process that the present invention proposes, each the inefficacy factor in the offshore oil and gas manufacturing process is judged identification, can realize the stage early warning and the control of risk of leakage; Make the danger of whole process of production drop to floor level, satisfy safety, orderly function and the management of offshore oil and gas production operation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 starting leakage Risk-warning flow chart;
Fig. 2 Risk-warning flow chart of lighting a fire;
Fig. 3 consequence upgrading Risk-warning flow chart;
Fig. 4 personnel injury risk early warning flow chart;
Fig. 5 loss of assets Risk-warning flow chart.
The specific embodiment
At first set forth below and leak situation, promptly set up and leak model.It is a lot of to cause the reason of leaking, and mainly comprises each side factors such as equipment, personnel, management system and external environment condition.Leak in case generation can mix with air behind the combustible gas leakage, leakage liquid also can form liquid pool, generates gas at air evaporation afterwards, and then diffusion.If reach combustion limits, then run into incendiary source burning or blast, the safety that jeopardizes the whole production device will take place.The diffusion enveloped space of toxic gas is big, and influence basin is wide.Leak the serial reaction that is caused, if can not get effective early warning and control, with the catastrophic loss that finally causes personnel and assets.
Occurring to from primary event and to cause final accident, relate to kinds of processes, multiple working procedure, is a process dynamic, that constantly change from start to finish, and each stage all can produce influence in various degree to final accident.Final influence then is adding up of exerting an influence in each stage.If each stage in whole process of production is provided with early warning, the risk in each stage is all controlled in the reasonable scope, the adding up still to be controlled at and can accept within the standard of all these influences then, the safety of whole process of production can guarantee so.This process is exactly the stage early warning of risk.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and instantiation the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of offshore oil and gas process units risk of leakage method for early warning; Process characteristic and process analysis procedure analysis according to offshore oil and gas production; Set gradually starting leakage early warning, igniting early warning, consequence upgrading early warning, personnel and injure early warning and five stages of loss of assets early warning; When finding to have leakage phenomenon, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
The first step: get into the starting leakage early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has external event to take place, and comprises dropped object and collision;
(2) whether inspection exists process disorderly, comprises overvoltage and overcurrent/fill;
(3) whether inspection exists technology or physical failure, comprise the inside and outside whether heavy corrosion, valve sealing means whether deterioration, flange packing ring whether deterioration, bolt tension whether lose, welded pipe deterioration whether;
(4) whether the inspection production period has operate miss, whether comprises in maloperation that whether valve and interim flexible pipe are arranged during the manual operation, the drainage system in the water seal lack of water;
(5) whether inspection exists the potential failure that the maintenance period introduces, and comprises during the maintenance flange or whether bolt assembles correctly, keeps in repair whether the back valve position is correct, whether sealing device is correctly selected and install;
(6) whether inspection the inefficacy relevant with design takes place;
Investigate above-mentioned (1) to (6), if equal Non Apparent Abnormality judges that then whole process of production is in the basic security state.After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection,, then judge meeting serious leakage incident, and carry out next step if there is one to go wrong;
Second step: in the inlet point windburn danger early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has gas alarm;
(2) whether the inspection high-temperature operation is isolated, and comprises thermal response tower, hot manifold, swivel bearing;
(3) whether inspection thermal exhaust surface shields, and comprises turbine exhaust, air-conditioning exhaust;
(4) whether inspection exists open flame source, comprises short circuit, welding and friction that the distribution board water inlet causes;
Investigation (1), is then judged and just incident of leakage is taken place and follow-up chain reaction can not take place if all occur unusually to (4).After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, judges ignition event can take place, carry out next step;
The 3rd step: get into the consequence upgrading stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has fire alarm;
(2) whether the inspection automatic fire extinguishing system normally moves;
(3) inspection oil gas inlet could be closed automatically, and if not, reexamining the oil gas inlet could manual-lock;
(4) whether the fire-proof and explosion-proof wall of inspection is provided with and whether has a sufficient intensity;
Investigation (1) if occur unusually, is then judged slight damage is taken place after (4).After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection,, then judge consequence upgrading incident can take place, and carry out next step if there is one to go wrong;
The 4th step: the entering personnel injure the early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether the inspection personnel can accept with respect to the distance of danger;
(2) whether inspection illumination and passage be normal;
(3) whether the inspection egress time is enough;
Investigation (1) if occur unusually, is then judged moderate damage is taken place after (3).After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, then judge the meeting generation personnel incident of injury, carry out next step;
The 5th step: get into the loss of assets early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection minimizes, i.e. whether inspection adopts compact apparatus, comprises reaction vessel and storage tank;
(2) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection substitutes, i.e. whether inspection adopts comparatively safe material and technology, and for example the use of inert gas and dangerous catalyzer substitutes;
(3) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection relaxes, and promptly checks whether safety of operating condition, for example: normal temperature, normal pressure and liquid state;
(4) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection is unreduced, i.e. whether inspection exists unreduced operation and technology, such as the hand gear and the additional control device of complicacy;
Investigation (1) is after (4), if the inspection item is all normal, then judges heavy damage takes place.After carrying out the inspection of above-mentioned each item, if there is one to go wrong, judge that then the starting leakage incident progressively is developed to catastrophic failure, promptly cause casualties, equipment stops production and the severe contamination of environment.
Claims (1)
1. offshore oil and gas process units risk of leakage method for early warning; It is characterized in that; Process characteristic and process analysis procedure analysis according to offshore oil and gas production; Set gradually starting leakage early warning, igniting early warning, consequence upgrading early warning, personnel and injure early warning and five stages of loss of assets early warning, when finding to have leakage phenomenon, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
The first step: get into the starting leakage early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has external event to take place, and comprises dropped object and collision;
(2) whether inspection exists process disorderly, comprises overvoltage and overcurrent/fill;
(3) whether inspection exists technology or physical failure, comprise the inside and outside whether heavy corrosion, valve sealing means whether deterioration, flange packing ring whether deterioration, bolt tension whether lose, welded pipe deterioration whether;
(4) whether the inspection production period has operate miss, whether comprises in maloperation that whether valve and interim flexible pipe are arranged during the manual operation, the drainage system in the water seal lack of water;
(5) whether inspection exists the potential failure that the maintenance period introduces, and comprises during the maintenance flange or whether bolt assembles correctly, keeps in repair whether the back valve position is correct, whether sealing device is correctly selected and install;
(6) whether inspection the inefficacy relevant with design takes place;
Investigate above-mentioned (1) to (6),, after carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection,, then judge meeting serious leakage incident, and carry out next step if there is one to go wrong if equal Non Apparent Abnormality judges that then whole process of production is in the basic security state;
Second step: get into the igniting early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has gas alarm;
(2) whether the inspection high-temperature operation is isolated, and comprises thermal response tower, hot manifold, swivel bearing;
(3) whether inspection thermal exhaust surface shields, and comprises turbine exhaust, air-conditioning exhaust;
(4) whether inspection exists open flame source, comprises short circuit, welding and friction that the distribution board water inlet causes;
Investigation (1) is to (4), if all appearance is unusual, then judges and just incident of leakage takes place and follow-up chain reaction can not take place, and after carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, judges that ignition event takes place in meeting, carries out next step;
The 3rd step: get into the consequence upgrading early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether inspection has fire alarm;
(2) whether the inspection automatic fire extinguishing system normally moves;
(3) inspection oil gas inlet could be closed automatically, and if not, reexamining the oil gas inlet could manual-lock;
(4) whether the fire-proof and explosion-proof wall of inspection is provided with and whether has a sufficient intensity;
Investigation (1) if occur unusually, is then judged slight damage is taken place after (4), after carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, judges that then consequence upgrading incident takes place in meeting, and carries out next step;
The 4th step: the entering personnel injure the early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether the inspection personnel can accept with respect to the distance of danger;
(2) whether inspection illumination and passage be normal;
(3) whether the inspection egress time is enough;
Investigation (1) if occur unusually, is then judged moderate damage is taken place after (3), after carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection, if there is one to go wrong, then judges the meeting generation personnel incident of injury, carries out next step;
The 5th step: get into the loss of assets early warning stage, carry out Risk-warning according to the following step:
(1) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection minimizes, i.e. whether inspection adopts compact apparatus, comprises reaction vessel and storage tank;
(2) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection substitutes, i.e. whether inspection adopts comparatively safe material and technology, comprises the use of inert gas and substituting of dangerous catalyzer;
(3) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection relaxes, and promptly checks whether safety of operating condition, comprises normal temperature, normal pressure and liquid several kinds of operating conditions;
(4) whether the intrinsic harm of inspection is unreduced, i.e. whether inspection exists unreduced operation and technology, comprises complicated hand gear and additional control device;
Investigation (1) is after (4), if the inspection item is all normal, then judges heavy damage takes place; After carrying out above-mentioned each item inspection; If there is one to go wrong, judge that then the starting leakage incident progressively is developed to catastrophic failure, promptly cause casualties, equipment stops production and the severe contamination of environment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010522416.1A CN102011566B (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Leakage risk early warning method for offshore oil and gas production device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010522416.1A CN102011566B (en) | 2010-10-27 | 2010-10-27 | Leakage risk early warning method for offshore oil and gas production device |
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| CN102011566A CN102011566A (en) | 2011-04-13 |
| CN102011566B true CN102011566B (en) | 2012-12-19 |
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| CN104809599A (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2015-07-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Evaluation method and system for guaranteeing effectiveness of protective measures of interplant pipeline of petrochemical enterprise |
| TWI597479B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-09-01 | 應用奈米科技股份有限公司 | An alarm device for feedthrough assembly and alarm method thereof |
| CN114733253A (en) * | 2022-03-30 | 2022-07-12 | 中核核电运行管理有限公司 | Structure and method for reducing dangerous medium leakage of filter |
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Granted publication date: 20121219 Termination date: 20211027 |