CN102010973A - Simple method for deformation control during carburizing and quenching of large-diameter heavy-duty gears - Google Patents
Simple method for deformation control during carburizing and quenching of large-diameter heavy-duty gears Download PDFInfo
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- CN102010973A CN102010973A CN2010102164826A CN201010216482A CN102010973A CN 102010973 A CN102010973 A CN 102010973A CN 2010102164826 A CN2010102164826 A CN 2010102164826A CN 201010216482 A CN201010216482 A CN 201010216482A CN 102010973 A CN102010973 A CN 102010973A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of carburizing and quenching as well as deformation control of steel work-pieces, and particularly relates to a simple method for deformation control during the carburizing and quenching of large-diameter heavy-duty gears. In the method, the deformation control can be carried out on the carburizing and quenching of the steel work-pieces by adopting simple facilities under simple operation conditions, so as to reach the expected effect and improve the product quality. The method comprises the following steps of: normalizing of steel work-piece, carburization of the steel work-pieces placed in a direction A, normalization of the steel work-pieces placed in a direction B, quenching of the steel work-pieces placed in the direction B in a static oil, and tempering. The method has the significances of breaking through the situation that the deformation control of the carburizing and quenching of the large-diameter complicated heavy-duty face gears can be controlled only by adopting complicated facilities and complicated technological operations, and simultaneously developing a simple and practical way for the deformation control during the carburizing and quenching of the large-diameter complicated heavy-duty face gears.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the carburizing and quenching of iron and steel parts and the Technology field of Deformation control, especially a kind of simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control.
Background technology
The high speed of high-power gear proposes higher requirement with the mass that heavy duty, particularly major diameter web pattern carburizing and quenching are produced to manufacturing accuracy.Be generally controlled deformation, often adopt methods such as Quenching press, hot oil quenching or isothermal quenching.Yet the configuration Quenching press need have certain device cost and equipment making cycle, and because the restriction and the versatility of structure are limited, is difficult to be applicable to the product of multiple dimensions and different structure; Hot oil quenching or isothermal quenching also have certain device to require and corresponding process operation.Long term production shows, do not make methods such as Quenching press, hot oil quenching or isothermal quenching or do not improving under the situation of working method, adopt simple carburizing equipment to carry out carburizing and quenching, can cause the carburizing and quenching deflection (special) of workpiece bigger, cause the very high scrap rate of generation as the common normal deflection.
Summary of the invention
Big for the carburizing and quenching deflection that overcomes existing workpiece, cause the high deficiency of scrap rate, the invention provides a kind of simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control, by adopting under simple device facility and the ease of Use condition iron and steel parts carburizing and quenching is carried out effective Deformation control, reach desired effects and improve the quality of products; Described simple device facility is meant common pit carburizing furnace and quenching tank; Described ease of Use condition is meant the routine operation mode, need not apply special technique; This technology may further comprise the steps:
Iron and steel parts normalizing → iron and steel parts A is to putting carburizing → iron and steel parts B to putting normalizing → iron and steel parts B to putting quiet oil quenching → tempering.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the temperature that further comprises described quenching is 780 ℃～880 ℃.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the material that further comprises described iron and steel parts comprises the various converted steel that contain one or more alloying elements.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further described iron and steel parts has the gear structure feature of major diameter complex construction.
According to another embodiment of the invention, comprise that further the steel seal with described iron and steel parts homonymy is sign, it is the A face that the steel seal face is arranged, and no steel seal face is the B face, and during carburizing, workpiece A is to putting, and normalizing thereafter and quenching process are B to putting.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, meaning of the present invention has been to break through necessary employing complex apparatus and complicated technology is operated the carburizing and quenching distortion that could control major diameter complex construction heavy duty tooth face gear, has opened up a simple and practical approach for the carburizing and quenching distortion of the heavily loaded tooth face gear of control major diameter complex construction simultaneously.Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, simple to operate: as under simple device facility and ease of Use condition, (not need methods such as Quenching press, isothermal quenching), by controlling the workpiece placing direction of different operations, can reach comparatively ideal controlled deformation effect, effectively improve the precision of manufacturing of product;
2, efficient height: in normal running operation process, finish simultaneously, need not extra clamping or operation of equipment;
3, appointed condition is simple: only need the most basic equipment to constitute (common cementing furnace, quenching tank), need not to adopt methods such as Quenching press, hot oil quenching or isothermal quenching, equipment cost is cheap;
4, the Deformation control precision is higher and stable, and application range of products is wide.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the heavily loaded tooth face gear synoptic diagram with complex construction;
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation.These accompanying drawings are the synoptic diagram of simplification, basic structure of the present invention only is described in a schematic way, so it only show the formation relevant with the present invention.
As Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention, a kind of simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control, by adopting under simple device facility and the ease of Use condition iron and steel parts carburizing and quenching is carried out effective Deformation control, reach desired effects and improve the quality of products; Described simple device facility is meant common pit carburizing furnace and quenching tank; Described ease of Use condition is meant the routine operation mode, need not apply special technique.This technology may further comprise the steps:
Iron and steel parts normalizing → iron and steel parts A is to putting carburizing → iron and steel parts B to putting normalizing → iron and steel parts B to putting quiet oil quenching → tempering.
The material of described iron and steel parts comprises the various converted steel that contain one or more alloying elements.
Described iron and steel parts has the gear structure feature of major diameter complex construction.
Steel seal with described iron and steel parts homonymy is sign, and it is the A face that the steel seal face is arranged, and no steel seal face is the B face, and during carburizing, workpiece A is to putting, and normalizing thereafter and quenching process are B to putting.
Normalizing claims normalizing again, is workpiece to be heated to Ac3 or more than the Accm 30～50 ℃, is incubated after 1～2 hour, takes out from stove in air or water spray, spraying or blowing refrigerative metal heat treatmet technology.Normalizing is that the normalizing speed of cooling is faster slightly than the annealing speed of cooling with the annealed difference, thereby normalized structure is thinner than annealed structure, and its mechanical property also increases.In addition, the outer cooling of normalizing furnace does not take equipment, and productivity is higher, adopts normalizing to replace annealing as far as possible in therefore producing.
Annealing slowly is heated to certain temperature with metal, keeps the enough time, cools off a kind of metal heat treatmet technology of (normally slowly cooling is controlled chilling sometimes) then with Reasonable Speed.Purpose is that material or workpiece through casting, forging rolling, welding or machining are softened, and improves plasticity and toughness, makes the chemical ingredients homogenizing, removes unrelieved stress, or the physicals that obtains expecting.Annealing process has multiple with the difference of purpose, as full annealed, isothermal annealing, homogenizing annealing, Spheroidizing Annealing, removal stress annealing, recrystallization annealing, and stabilizing annealing, magnetic-field annealing or the like.
Main processing parameter of annealed is maximum heating temperature (annealing temperature), and the selection of the annealing Heating temperature of most of alloys is based on the phasor of this alloy system, as carbon steel based on iron-carbon diagram.The annealing temperature of various steel (comprising carbon steel and steel alloy), look concrete annealing purpose difference and more than the Ac3 of this steel grade respectively, more than the Ac1 or following a certain temperature.The annealing temperature of various nonferrous alloy then below the solidus temperature of this alloy respectively, more than the solid solubility line temperature or following a certain temperature.
Tempering claims to join fire again, metal heat treatmet technology a kind of.To reheat the proper temperature that is lower than lower critical temperature through the workpiece that quenches, described proper temperature is 150 ℃～250 ℃, is incubated after 1～2 hour refrigerative metal heat treatmet in air or water, wet goods medium.Alloy workpiece after maybe will quenching is heated to proper temperature, the insulation some time, slowly or fast cools off then.General in order to the internal stress in attenuating or the elimination quenched steel component, or reduce its hardness and intensity, to improve its ductility or toughness.Can adopt low-temperaturetempering, average tempering or high tempering according to different requirements.Usually along with the rising of tempering temperature, hardness and intensity reduce, and ductility or toughness increase gradually.
The workpiece carbonization quenching technology is: normalizing → carburizing → tempering → quenching+low-temperaturetempering.Use special hanger, workpiece keeps flat, and each heat-processed is all carried out in pit carburizing furnace.Because temperature and the ratio of the fusing point of material is all greater than 0.5 in each heat treatment step of workpiece, so the workpiece deformation that creep causes is very important.Being characterized as of this distortion: the periphery of workpiece is sagging with respect to the centre in heat-processed.
Creep makes workpiece produce shortening on diametric(al), and the flank of tooth forms tapering, causes local common normal to diminish, and the heating back is if creep in the same way takes place for several times, and this deformation extent is just bigger; If quench after the workpiece creep, then creep compliance and deflection stack.And when discoid workpiece quenches,,, make protruding (recessed) distortion of some direction more violent so quenching strain is had certain " guiding " effect because different leading stress makes the plane produce protruding or recessed distortion trend.
Because workpiece all obeys above-mentioned creep rule in the heat-processed of carburizing → normalizing → quenching, and three's temperature and time trend that all tapers off.According to above-mentioned analysis as can be known, workpiece disposing way and distortion in stove have bigger relation, and therefore for guaranteeing the putting position of workpiece, adopted following method: the steel seal with the workpiece homonymy is sign, and it is the A face that the steel seal face is arranged, and no steel seal face is the B face.During carburizing, workpiece A is to putting, and normalizing thereafter and quenching process are B to putting.This method has obtained ideal control carburizing and quenching deformation effect through the long-term practice confirmation.
Illustrate below in conjunction with example:
Embodiment:
Steel components with the 20CrMnTi making
Part name: gear a, b
Material: 20CrMnTi
Technical requirements: carburized layer depth 〉=1.5mm
Tooth face hardness HRC55-60
Depths hardness: 550HV1 quenches
Gear principal dimension (table 1)
Table 1 gear principal dimension
| Workpiece | Modulus (m) | Reference diameter d (mm) | Tip diameter da (mm) | Former thickness c (m) | Facewidth b (mm) | dh(mm) |
| Gear a | 6 | φ370 | φ384 | 20 | ?66 | φ90 |
| Gear b | 6 | φ354 | φ366 | 20 | ?60 | φ90 |
Adopted following technological measure: the normalizing of gear forging blank (940-950 ℃ * 2.5h) → workpiece A to put carburizing (920 ℃ * 8-9h) → B to put normalizing (880 ℃ * 1.5h-2h) → quiet oil quenching (820 ℃ * 1.5h) → tempering (180 ℃ * 2h).Facts have proved that under simple device facility and ease of Use condition, this technology can be controlled the distortion of workpiece effectively.With gear a is example, and general common normal deflection≤0.01mm has almost reached the effect that adopts Quenching press.The statistics of promoting from multiple gear, the scrap rate that causes owing to size distortion drops to present below 1% by original 10%, effectively improved the making precision of product.
Meaning of the present invention has been to break through necessary employing complex apparatus and complicated technology operates the carburizing and quenching distortion that could control major diameter labyrinth heavy duty tooth face gear, has opened up a simple and practical approach for the carburizing and quenching distortion of the heavily loaded tooth face gear of control major diameter labyrinth simultaneously. Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, simple to operate: as under simple device facility and ease of Use condition, (not need the methods such as Quenching press, isothermal hardening), by controlling the workpiece placing direction of different operations, can reach comparatively ideal control deformation effect, the Effective Raise product manufacture precision;
2, efficient height: in normal operating operation process, finish simultaneously, need not extra clamping or equipment operating;
3, appointed condition is simple: only need the most basic equipment to consist of (common carburizer, quenching tank), need not to adopt the methods such as Quenching press, hot-oil quenching or isothermal hardening, equipment cost is cheap;
4, the Deformation control precision is higher and stable, and application range of products is wide.
Claims (5)
1. the simple and easy method of a major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control is characterized in that, by adopting under simple device facility and the ease of Use condition iron and steel parts carburizing and quenching is carried out effective Deformation control, reaches desired effects and improves the quality of products; Described simple device facility is meant common pit carburizing furnace and quenching tank; Described ease of Use condition is meant the routine operation mode, need not apply special technique; This technology may further comprise the steps:
Iron and steel parts normalizing → iron and steel parts A is to putting carburizing → iron and steel parts B to putting normalizing → iron and steel parts B to putting quiet oil quenching → tempering.
2. the simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the temperature of described quenching is 780 ℃～880 ℃.
3. the simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control according to claim 1 is characterized in that the material of described iron and steel parts comprises the various converted steel that contain one or more alloying elements.
4. the simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control according to claim 1 is characterized in that described iron and steel parts has the gear structure feature of major diameter complex construction.
5. the simple and easy method of major diameter heavy-duty gear carburizing and quenching Deformation control according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, steel seal with described iron and steel parts homonymy is sign, it is the A face that the steel seal face is arranged, no steel seal face is the B face, during carburizing, workpiece A is to putting, and normalizing thereafter and quenching process are B to putting.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102164826A CN102010973A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2010-07-05 | Simple method for deformation control during carburizing and quenching of large-diameter heavy-duty gears |
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| CN2010102164826A CN102010973A (en) | 2010-07-05 | 2010-07-05 | Simple method for deformation control during carburizing and quenching of large-diameter heavy-duty gears |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102705480A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡市百顺机械厂 | Gear |
| CN103540724A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-29 | 上海朋泰精密模具有限公司 | High-frequency quenching process of n-type collision pin |
| CN104384887A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-03-04 | 马鞍山邦斯科自动化科技有限公司 | Reamer manufacturing method for prolonging service life of reamer |
| CN104745795A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-01 | 常州天山重工机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process for controlling thin wall gear ring minitaper distortion |
| CN105465326A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-06 | 江苏赫夫特齿轮制造有限公司 | Thin-wall spoke type large gear |
| CN107312921A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-11-03 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | A kind of method for reducing thin-walled carburizing and quenching high gear amount of distortion and application |
| CN112899612A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Gear carburizing and quenching process |
| CN113969337A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-25 | 江苏裕隆锻造有限公司 | Process for reducing cracks of 50Mn18Cr5 retaining ring forging |
-
2010
- 2010-07-05 CN CN2010102164826A patent/CN102010973A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102705480A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-10-03 | 无锡市百顺机械厂 | Gear |
| CN103540724A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-29 | 上海朋泰精密模具有限公司 | High-frequency quenching process of n-type collision pin |
| CN103540724B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-07-01 | 上海朋泰精密模具有限公司 | High-frequency quenching process of n-type collision pin |
| CN104384887A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2015-03-04 | 马鞍山邦斯科自动化科技有限公司 | Reamer manufacturing method for prolonging service life of reamer |
| CN104745795A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-01 | 常州天山重工机械有限公司 | Heat treatment process for controlling thin wall gear ring minitaper distortion |
| CN105465326A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-06 | 江苏赫夫特齿轮制造有限公司 | Thin-wall spoke type large gear |
| CN107312921A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-11-03 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | A kind of method for reducing thin-walled carburizing and quenching high gear amount of distortion and application |
| CN107312921B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2019-07-30 | 沈阳透平机械股份有限公司 | A kind of method and application reducing thin-walled carburizing and quenching high gear amount of distortion |
| CN112899612A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-04 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Gear carburizing and quenching process |
| CN113969337A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-01-25 | 江苏裕隆锻造有限公司 | Process for reducing cracks of 50Mn18Cr5 retaining ring forging |
| CN113969337B (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2023-01-20 | 江苏裕隆锻造有限公司 | Process for reducing cracks of 50Mn18Cr5 retaining ring forging |
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Application publication date: 20110413 |