CN102005882A - Electrical machine with reduced positioning torque, particularly permanent magnet synchronous machine - Google Patents

Electrical machine with reduced positioning torque, particularly permanent magnet synchronous machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102005882A
CN102005882A CN2010102693853A CN201010269385A CN102005882A CN 102005882 A CN102005882 A CN 102005882A CN 2010102693853 A CN2010102693853 A CN 2010102693853A CN 201010269385 A CN201010269385 A CN 201010269385A CN 102005882 A CN102005882 A CN 102005882A
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China
Prior art keywords
rotor
permanent magnet
magnetic pole
stator
motor
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CN2010102693853A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
A·巴巴詹彦
S·A·伊文斯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/278Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical machine with reduced positioning torque, particularly a permanent magnet synchronous machine, comprising a rotor with multiple rotor poles, which have an exterior surface (12) in each case; a stator provided with multiple stator teeth, which have a tooth contour (13) in the direction of the rotor, wherein the exterior surface of each rotor pole and the tooth contour of each stator tooth are corresponding to a circular arc contour and the radius curvature of the arc contour has different middle points.

Description

Motor with the location torque that reduces, especially permanent magnet excitation formula synchronous machine
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of motor, relate in particular to a kind of permanent magnet excitation formula synchronous machine, it has the rotor that has the permanent magnet of laying.
Background technology
Have that the motor of permanent magnet excitation is known in the art.For example, the synchronous machine of rotation can be set, this synchronous machine has the rotor of the rotor form of the stator interior inserted.This rotor is provided with the permanent magnet that produces excitation field.So arrange these permanent magnets, so that constitute rotor magnetic pole.Magnetic field (that is, radially outward) extends through rotor magnetic pole, so that the magnetic field interaction that produces with stator coil by the stator place towards the direction of stator.
There is different rotor structures.A kind of rotor structure wherein is: by constructing rotor by laminar friction plate group, the tubular rotor block of the common formation of these thin slices is installed permanent magnet that (for example, pasting) correspondingly is shaped on the shell face of this rotor block.These permanent magnets have identical size and usually on the shell face that is distributed in rotor on the tangential direction equidistantly.
So far, in known synchronous machine, the outline of permanent magnet is matched with the profile of the stator tooth of stator, so that form the air gap of same thickness between the outer surface of end of the sensing inside of stator tooth (that is so-called tooth top) and permanent magnet.
In order to reach this point, must before permanent magnet is placed to internal rotor, permanent magnet correspondingly be shaped, the surface of wherein waiting to be placed on the shell face of internal rotor has different radiuses with outer surface in the face of stator tooth.The shaping of this type of permanent magnet or production are expensive technically and production that make this type of motor becomes difficult.
In addition, with regard to this type of motor with permanent magnet of laying, location torque (Rastmoment) can appear in cold state at least.These location torques depend on the torque of the angle position of rotor corresponding to numerical value and direction.Rotor is embedded into therein, and one or more magnetic poles of stator change in the position of a magnetic pole transformation facing rotor respectively.In many application, location torque brings interference or means security risks.An electric power-assisted steering or the steering force support that example is a motor vehicle.When electric support is interrupted, should make motor turning with manpower.In the case, location torque is interfering, thereby makes the accident risk that after all rises when the steering force support is interrupted significantly rise once more.
In order to reduce the location torque in the motor, knownly in permanent magnet excitation formula synchronous machine, make rotating pole-piece have certain shape with rotor arrangement (this rotor arrangement has the permanent magnet of embedding).Realize the shaping of rotating pole-piece in some way, be sine-shaped air gap flux density distribution as far as possible so that the outline of this rotating pole-piece constitutes.In addition, rotating pole-piece outwards arches upward about tubular rotor block.In addition, this outline causes forming the air gap that increases between two adjacent rotors pole shoes.
As the example of this type of profile of rotating pole-piece be the Richter profile (the 168-170 page or leaf of " Electrical Motor, first, general computing element, direct current machine " third edition that R.Richter writes,
Figure BSA00000253275600021
Publishing house, Basel 1967).This Richter profile is provided with the shaping of rotating pole-piece according to the inverse of the secondary cosine function that the tangent line about rotating pole-piece moves towards, and distributes so that reach sine-shaped air gap flux density approx.In practice, the camber line profile by circle is similar to the Richter profile, and this camber line profile has the radius littler than rotor diameter.Can significantly simplify the production of the rotor arrangement of this type of permanent magnet thus with embedding.
Though in rotor arrangement with permanent magnet of laying, location torque and the torque ripple that obtains thus be less than the situation in the rotor arrangement of the permanent magnet with embedding, but wish further to reduce in the rotor arrangement with permanent magnet of laying location torque.
In addition, must produce the permanent magnet of laying, because these permanent magnets must cut down from a magnetic material with high cost with complex outline.
Summary of the invention
Task of the present invention is, a kind of improved motor with permanent magnet of laying is provided, and this motor is than the easier production of the motor with Richter profile and have the location torque littler than conventional motors.
This task is to solve by motor according to claim 1 and according to the described rotor arrangement of claim arranged side by side with to the application of the permanent magnet that is used to construct rotor arrangement.
The design that other are favourable is described in the dependent claims.
According on the one hand, a kind of motor is proposed.This motor comprises:
-having the rotor of a plurality of rotor magnetic poles, these rotor magnetic poles have outer surface respectively;
-having the stator of a plurality of stator tooths, these stator tooths have gear tooth profile respectively on the direction of rotor;
Wherein the gear tooth profile of the outer surface of each rotor magnetic pole and each stator tooth corresponds respectively to circular camber line profile, and the radius of curvature of these camber line profiles has different mid points.
Thought of the present invention is, a kind of motor of location torque that can as far as possible easily produce, that have improvement is provided.This reaches in the following way: select on the one hand the profile of the circular arc that can be easy to generate for rotor magnetic pole, and compare by selecting different mid points to select to be not equal to 1 magnetic pole to promote
Figure BSA00000253275600031
In this way, can easily produce the permanent magnet that is used to construct motor.Compare with not having the rotor arrangement (that is, the outline of permanent magnet is corresponding to the radius of rotor) that magnetic pole promotes, the rotor arrangement of constructing with this type of permanent magnet has the torque ripple of improvement, the location torque that promptly reduces.
Can propose in addition, when being registered to rotor magnetic pole on the stator tooth, have air gap between the outer surface of rotor magnetic pole and gear tooth profile, this air gap has 2.5~3, especially
Figure BSA00000253275600032
Magnetic pole promote ratio.
According to an execution mode, the number of stator tooth can equal the multiple that the number of 3 or 3 multiple and rotor magnetic pole equals 2 or 2, and the ratio of the number of stator tooth and the number of rotor magnetic pole is 1.5.
In addition, can constitute rotor with rotor block and the permanent magnet of laying, wherein rotor block has fixed area, with corresponding placed side permanent magnet is arranged in this fixed area place, wherein this placed side of permanent magnet and permanent magnet has identical radius of curvature with this placed side opposed outer surface, wherein the curved surface vault of this placed side and this outer surface
Figure BSA00000253275600033
Corrected.
Obtain a kind of permanent magnet, its placed side has identical radius with outer surface, and the mid point of these radiuses is by moving on the central axis of permanent magnet, and this central axis extends through the rotation of rotor basically diametrically.This skew equals the thickness of permanent magnet.
In addition, tooth top has gear tooth profile, and this gear tooth profile has the center radius of curvature corresponding with the rotation of rotor.
According to another execution mode, can constitute rotor with the permanent magnet of rotor block and embedding, wherein on the shell face of rotor block rotor magnetic pole is set, wherein the gear tooth profile of the outer surface of rotor magnetic pole and tooth top has curved surface respectively, and the curved surface antinode of these curved surfaces is in alignment with each other.
According on the other hand, a kind of rotor arrangement of the permanent magnet that has rotor block and lay is proposed, wherein the outer surface of permanent magnet and permanent magnet utilize it that this permanent magnet is placed to placed side on the rotor block to have circular camber line profile respectively, the radius of curvature of these camber line profiles is identical and have different mid points.
According to proposing on the other hand, will have placed side and be used to produce the rotor arrangement of the permanent magnet that having of motor lay with the permanent magnet of this placed side opposed outer surface.
Description of drawings
Below further specify preferred implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic cross section of the motor with the internal rotor that has the permanent magnet of laying, and these permanent magnets have the outline of the air gap that is used for different in width;
Fig. 2 shows the enlarged drawing according to the cross section of the motor of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b show the different designs of the permanent magnet with different magnetic poles lifting;
Fig. 4 shows another synchronous machine with the tooth top through being shaped according to another execution mode; And
Fig. 5 shows in the motor of the air gap with same widths and in the variation according to the location torque in the motor of the air gap with different in width of the execution mode of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
Embodiment
The motor 1 of permanent magnet excitation formula synchronous motor form has been shown among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.In the example shown, synchronous motor 1 is constructed to inner rotor motor, wherein to arrange stator 2 around the mode that rotatably is placed on the rotor 3 of stator 2 inside.Certainly, the motor that also can be applicable to have external rotor is below described.
Stator 2 comprises stator body 8 and stator tooth 4, and these stator tooths 4 are the direction of 2 the central axis sensing inside from stator body 8 towards stator diametrically.Stator tooth 8 is twined by the stator coil (not shown), and these stator coils are can be in suitable mode by electrical control, so that the operation synchronous motor.The interior extremity of stator tooth 4 is called as tooth top and has the gear tooth profile of pointing to groove, the internal recess 10 of this gear tooth profile definition stator 2.The internal recess of stator 2 has circular basically cross section.The gear tooth profile on the surface of the sensing inside of tooth top 5 corresponds essentially to the radius of internal recess 10.
In the internal recess 10 of stator 2, arranging rotor 3 around the mode that central axis rotates.Rotor 3 has rotor block 6, on this rotor block 6 permanent magnet 7 is laid (for example, paste or otherwise fixing) on the fixed area as rotor magnetic pole.These fixed area have the profile with placed side 11 complementations of relevant permanent magnet 7 respectively.
For example, can cylinder bodily form ground construct rotor block 6 to have corresponding to the mode of the cylinder axis of the rotation of rotor 3.Therefore, the profile of fixed area is corresponding to the part of cylindrical shell face.This shell face portion has the first curvature radius of the radius that equals rotor block 6.In this case, construct the fixed area 11 of rotor block 6 according to the shell face with first curvature radius of tubular rotor block 6 and the length that equals the length of permanent magnet 7 to be laid.
The first curvature radius of fixed area 11 needn't equal the radius of the shell face of rotor block 6.Can propose fully, this first curvature radius is less than the radius of rotor block 6; Rotor block 6 just has formation or comprises arching upward of fixed area 11 so.
Permanent magnet 7 has placed side 11, utilizes this placed side 11 that permanent magnet 7 is placed on the fixed area 11.In addition, permanent magnet 7 has and placed side 11 opposed outer surface 12, and this outer surface 11 has the outline that has second curvature radius accordingly.Outer surface 12 has the arcing surface line profile, and its second curvature radius equals the first curvature radius of fixed area 11.
In this example, synchronous machine 1 has 12 stator tooths 4 and 8 rotor magnetic poles.Generally speaking, the above-mentioned shaping of permanent magnet 7 to be laid can be applicable to all synchronous machines 1.Preferably, synchronous machine should have 3: 2 or the number of magnet poles ratio of its multiple, i.e. the ratio of the number of stator tooth and the number of rotor magnetic pole.
At the outer surface 12 of the permanent magnet 7 of rotor 3 and be present between the gear tooth profile 13 of end of tooth top 5 of stator 2 and form air gap.By second curvature radius being chosen as at the width that changes this air gap on the tangential direction less than the point on the outer surface 12 of permanent magnet 7 to the radius of the ultimate range of the central axis M of rotor 3.Especially, therefore reach the change to width of air gap in the motor with the permanent magnet 7 that is shaped like that as described above, this change is called as magnetic pole and promotes.That is, magnetic pole promotes the expression variable in distance, and this variable in distance is the distance that the minimum widith of air gap is increased in the tangential change procedure of the width of permanent magnet 7, i.e. the ratio of the Breadth Maximum of air gap and the minimum widith of air gap.
Two designs of the permanent magnet 7 on the rotor block 6 have been shown in Fig. 3 a and Fig. 3 b.As seen, in these two designs, the fixed area 11 of placed side or 20 first curvature radius R InSecond curvature radius R with outer surface 12 OutwardEquate, but have different mid points.The distance of these central points on the central axis M of the axis of symmetry of expression permanent magnet 7 or rotor equals the thickness of permanent magnet 7 along central axis M.
In Fig. 3 a, radius of curvature is less than the situation in the permanent magnet 7 of Fig. 3 b.By shown in the outer surface 12 of permanent magnet 7 and its along the distance between the outward flange of the direction of central axis M as seen, radius R In=R OutwardMore little, then the magnetic pole lifting is just big more, i.e. the variation of the width of air gap on rotor pole is just big more.
The variation that magnetic pole is lifted in the certain proportion has significant effects to the characteristic of location torque.In tooth top number/number of magnet poles ratio is 3: 2 synchronous machine, promptly in synchronous machine with a stator tooth and 4,6 such as 6,9,12, rotor magnetic poles such as 8, in order to reduce the location torque of synchronous motor,
Figure BSA00000253275600051
Magnetic pole to promote be optimum, δ wherein MinEqual the minimum widith of the air gap between the gear tooth profile of the outer surface 12 of permanent magnet 7 and tooth top 5.
Therefore, when producing permanent magnet 7, can easily be used in the milling cutter radius of fixed area 11 or outer surface 12 or saw radius and be matched with lifting than (, magnetic pole promotes).Have in design and to be configured to have
Figure BSA00000253275600061
The rotor 3 of the permanent magnet of laying 7 that promotes of magnetic pole the time and be under 3: 2 the situation at tooth top number/number of magnet poles ratio, and have constant air gap δ MinAnd the synchronous machine that has same size is in addition compared, and can reach location torque is reduced more than three times.This for example is illustrated in the diagram of Fig. 5.
Fig. 5 shows location torque and is promoting than being about having variable-air-gap and magnetic pole on about the percentage of the average torque of conventional synchronization motor with constant air gap and the rotor angle of location torque at machinery on the rotor angle of machinery The percentage of average torque of synchronous machine.
According to another execution mode of synchronous machine, different with Fig. 1 to the synchronous machine shown in Fig. 3, can be with stator arrangement in inside and placing rotor around the mode that stator rotatablely moves.The permanent magnet that is used for external rotor can be constructed with the permanent magnet of internal rotor synchronous motor basically in the same manner.Yet, being used for that the radius of curvature of outer surface and placed side is selected must be greater than the outer radius by the gear tooth profile definition of the stator tooth that is positioned at inner stator, especially greater than the radius by the distance definition between the central axis of the gear tooth profile of stator tooth and synchronous motor.External rotor can have the rotor block of annular, and this rotor block has fixed area at tubular inner surface place, arranges the placed side of the protrusion shaping of permanent magnet at this fixed area place.Different with Fig. 1 to the execution mode of Fig. 3, construct permanent magnet 7 recessedly with tooth top 5 opposed outer surface.
The design that being used in the above-mentioned execution mode constructed the permanent magnet 7 of rotor 3 has realized especially easily setting with single milling cutter producing permanent magnet, because fixed surface has identical radius of curvature with outer surface.In addition, this geometry by using permanent magnet can be easily especially reached reducing of location torque in stator tooth number/number of magnet poles ratio is 3: 2 synchronous machine.
Can in Fig. 4, promote ratio to reach identical magnetic pole in the motor shown in the cross section.The rotor 3 of the motor 1 of Fig. 4 has the rotor magnetic pole that constitutes by the permanent magnet 7 that embeds, and promptly permanent magnet 7 is arranged in the inside of rotor block 6.The outer surface of the rotor magnetic pole that is made of rotor block has the radius of curvature of the radius that equals rotor 3, and the mid point of this radius of curvature is corresponding to the rotation of rotor 3.
Stator tooth 4 has tooth top 5, and these tooth tops 5 have circular profile on the tangential direction of stator 2.The curvature of tooth top 5 is opposite with the curvature of rotor magnetic pole.Tooth top 5 has the magnetic pole of causing and promotes than being
Figure BSA00000253275600063
Radius of curvature.In the present embodiment, this magnetic pole lifting is than the width of the air gap at the center line M place of the stator tooth 4 that equals to be correlated with and the ratio of the width of the air gap of the edge of tooth top 5 on tangential direction.In stator tooth number/number of magnet poles ratio was 3: 2 motor, magnetic pole promoted than existing
Figure BSA00000253275600071
The time be optimum, and irrelevant with the width of tooth top on tangential direction.In other words, the width of tooth top on tangential direction is more little, and then the radius of curvature of tooth top on tangential direction is just big more.

Claims (8)

1. a motor (1) comprising:
-having the rotor (3) of a plurality of rotor magnetic poles, described rotor magnetic pole has outer surface (12) respectively;
-having the stator (2) of a plurality of stator tooths (4), described stator tooth (4) has gear tooth profile respectively on the direction of described rotor (3);
Wherein the described gear tooth profile (13) of the described outer surface (12) of each rotor magnetic pole and each stator tooth (4) corresponds respectively to circular camber line profile, and the radius of curvature of described camber line profile has different mid points.
2. motor according to claim 1 (1), wherein, when rotor magnetic pole being registered to described stator tooth (4) and going up, between the described outer surface (12) of described rotor magnetic pole and described gear tooth profile (13), there is air gap, described air gap has 2.5~3, especially Magnetic pole promote ratio.
3. motor according to claim 1 and 2 (1), wherein, the multiple that the number of described stator tooth (4) equals 3 or 3, the multiple that the number of described rotor magnetic pole equals 2 or 2, and the ratio of the number of described stator tooth (4) and the number of described rotor magnetic pole is 1.5.
4. according to each described motor (1) in the claim 1 to 3, wherein, described rotor (3) is to constitute with rotor block (6) and the permanent magnet (7) laid, wherein said rotor block (6) has fixed area, described permanent magnet (7) is arranged in described fixed area place with corresponding placed side (11)
The described placed side (11) of wherein said permanent magnet (7) and described permanent magnet (7) have identical radius of curvature with described placed side (11) opposed outer surface (12), the curved surface vault of wherein said placed side (11) and described outer surface (12) is corrected.
5. motor according to claim 4 (1), wherein, described tooth top (5) has gear tooth profile (13), and described gear tooth profile (13) has the radius of curvature of center corresponding to the rotation of described rotor (3).
6. according to each described motor (1) in the claim 1 to 3, wherein, described rotor (3) is to use the permanent magnet (7) of rotor block (6) and embedding to constitute, wherein on the shell face of described rotor block (6), be provided with rotor magnetic pole, the gear tooth profile (13) of outer surface of wherein said rotor magnetic pole (12) and described tooth top (5) has curved surface respectively, and the curved surface antinode of described curved surface is in alignment with each other.
7. the rotor arrangement of a permanent magnet (7) that has rotor block (6) and lay, wherein, the outer surface (12) of described permanent magnet (7) and described permanent magnet (7) utilize it that described permanent magnet (7) is placed to placed side (11) on the described rotor block (6) to have circular camber line profile respectively, the radius of curvature of described camber line profile is identical and have different mid points.
8. have placed side (11) and with the application of the permanent magnet (7) of described placed side (11) opposed outer surface (12), wherein said permanent magnet (7) is used to produce the rotor arrangement of the permanent magnet (7) that having of motor (1) lay.
CN2010102693853A 2009-09-01 2010-08-31 Electrical machine with reduced positioning torque, particularly permanent magnet synchronous machine Pending CN102005882A (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102857001A (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Motor
CN107276272A (en) * 2017-08-09 2017-10-20 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Surface-mount type motor, surface-mount type rotor and stator
CN109478811A (en) * 2016-07-12 2019-03-15 Lg伊诺特有限公司 Rotor and motor including the rotor
CN109560630A (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-02 杭州三花研究院有限公司 Rotor assembly and motor and electrodynamic pump
CN112398243A (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-23 财团法人工业技术研究院 Combined motor stator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011084714A1 (en) 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine
DE102011084716A1 (en) 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Electric machine i.e. synchronous electric machine, has rotor comprising rotor poles, stator comprising stator teeth, and coils divided into multiple coil groups, where coils in each coil group are arranged adjacent to each other
JP5920637B2 (en) * 2013-11-22 2016-05-18 株式会社デンソー Rotating electrical machine rotor

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102857001A (en) * 2011-06-28 2013-01-02 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Motor
CN109478811A (en) * 2016-07-12 2019-03-15 Lg伊诺特有限公司 Rotor and motor including the rotor
CN107276272A (en) * 2017-08-09 2017-10-20 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Surface-mount type motor, surface-mount type rotor and stator
CN107276272B (en) * 2017-08-09 2023-09-26 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 Surface-mounted motor, surface-mounted motor rotor and stator
CN109560630A (en) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-02 杭州三花研究院有限公司 Rotor assembly and motor and electrodynamic pump
CN112398243A (en) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-23 财团法人工业技术研究院 Combined motor stator
US11245293B2 (en) 2019-08-14 2022-02-08 Industrial Technology Research Institute Motor stator with dovetail or rectangular mount structure and stator teeth airgap width ratio

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Application publication date: 20110406