CN1056383A - Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic and soft magnetism electric motor with combined magnetic pole - Google Patents
Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic and soft magnetism electric motor with combined magnetic pole Download PDFInfo
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- CN1056383A CN1056383A CN 91101072 CN91101072A CN1056383A CN 1056383 A CN1056383 A CN 1056383A CN 91101072 CN91101072 CN 91101072 CN 91101072 A CN91101072 A CN 91101072A CN 1056383 A CN1056383 A CN 1056383A
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Abstract
The present invention is the electric motor with combined magnetic pole of a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic and soft magnetism, adopt number of pole-pairs P 〉=more than 2 to utmost point closing radial magnetic circuit, in every pair of utmost point magnetic circuit, only with a watt of shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole, another magnetic pole soft magnetic material, the radius of curvature of concavo-convex two curved surfaces of permanent magnetism magnetic pole equates that pairing motor gas-gap is heterogeneous, and the pole embrace of the pole embrace of permanent magnetism magnetic pole and soft magnetism magnetic pole can be unequal.The present invention both can be used for ac synchronous motor, can be used for direct current machine again.
Description
The invention belongs to motor.
Efficient height, volume are little, and in light weight is several important indicators that design of electrical motor is pursued.Adopt the excitatory direct current drive engine efficiency of permanent magnetism magnetic pole obviously to improve, the appearance of high magnetic energy level Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material more makes this pursuit of design of electrical motor enter the new period.But motor is expensive more than ferrite magnetic steel with the cost and the manufacturing process expense of Nd-Fe-B magnet steel at present.Even Nd-Fe-B magnet steel is assessed by per million oersted Gauss magnetic energy and weight, its expense can not be competed mutually with ferrite magnetic steel.So under the prerequisite that guarantees the motor premium properties, design new motor magnetic circuit, the consumption and the processing cost that reduce Nd-Fe-B magnet steel are highly significant.Combined magnetic pole notion in the prior art occurred in the ferrite permanent-magnet motor.It refers to each permanent-magnet pole in the motor all is magnet by two kinds of different magnetic, or is put together or sintering forms, and various informative, purpose is different, and in a word, adopting combined magnetic pole is to increase power of motor and improve one of effective ways of motor performance.
The invention provides a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic and soft magnetic bodies electric motor with combined magnetic pole, reduce the consumption and the processing charges of Nd-Fe-B magnet steel, improve electric efficiency, reduced volume, weight reduction.
The magnetic structure of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic of the present invention and soft magnetism electric motor with combined magnetic pole is such, in every pair of utmost point closing radial magnetic circuit only with a watt of shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (the following permanent magnetism magnetic pole that is called for short sometimes, implication is identical), another magnetic pole soft magnetic material, the radius of curvature of concavo-convex two curved surfaces of permanent magnetism magnetic pole equates, be the radius of curvature that the radius of curvature of air gap curved surface equals to carry on the back the air gap curved surface, (the air gap curved surface is protruding among Fig. 1, and the air gap curved surface is recessed among Fig. 2,3; The convex surface radius of curvature is D
1/ 2, the concave curved surface radius of curvature is D./ 2) and concavo-convex two curved surfaces of soft magnetism magnetic pole are concentric garden arc mostly.Under the permanent magnetism magnetic pole, motor gas-gap is that utmost point center is little, and air gap increases gradually to utmost point two edges, is heterogeneous.As required, the pole embrace of soft magnetism magnetic pole can be unequal with the pole embrace of permanent magnetism magnetic pole; The motor magnetic circuit is many to electrode structure, number of pole-pairs P 〉=2.The soft magnetism pole material can be used pure iron, silicon steel sheet, permalloy etc.
The theoretical foundation of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic of the present invention and soft magnetism electric motor with combined magnetic pole structural design is summarized as follows:
Radially in the magnetic circuit, the magnetic potential that permanent magnet produces should balance each other with total magnetic potential pressure drop sum that be dissipated on air gap, tooth portion, stator and the rotor yoke every pair of magneto.If there is not saturated phenomenon in the magnetic circuit, can think approx on the engineering that then the magnetic potential that permanent magnet produces all consumes in the magnetic potential of air gap pressure drop, permanent magnet magnetic potential F at this moment
cWith magnetic potential of air gap pressure drop 2F
δCan use following equation expression:
F
C＝0.8NLmHc＝2F
δ＝1.6K
δ.δB
δ
In the formula:
Lm be connected on a pair of utmost point radially every permanent magnet length in the magnetic circuit (centimetre);
The coercive force of Hc permanent magnet (oersted);
The permanent magnet number that N radially connects in the magnetic circuit;
K
δCarter's coefficient;
δ air gap average length (centimetre), generally get about 0.05 centimetre;
B
δAir gap flux density (Gauss).
Because the coercivity H of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is up to 10000 oersteds, thus the every pair of utmost point radially in the magnetic circuit, 1 millimeter of the total length NLm actual needs deficiency of the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet of series connection.That is to say, be in the hundred micron-sized micro-machines in gas length, produces the air gap flux density when meeting the maximum magnetic flux energy level, and this motor only need be used the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet with the same numbers of poles of gas length (hundred micron orders) thickness.Therefore, though the every pair of utmost point is radially in the magnetic circuit in theory, it is 1 just fully passable that Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet serial number N is taken as, and in fact need to consider again the reasonability of permanent magnet geometry, and present factor such as manufacturing technology level, the minimum thickness of a watt of shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole needs the millimeter level, and this and theoretical value (hundred micron orders) have differed an order of magnitude.
Adopted many among the present invention to utmost point magnetic structure, because the geometry polar arc angle and the number of pole-pairs of watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole are inversely proportional to, increase the number of pole-pairs of motor, can reduce the polar arc angle of watt shape magnetic pole effectively, improve the magnetic energy of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole and the utilance of material.
The present invention's design can both be used in the synchronous or asynchronous various motors in direct current or interchange.Several embodiment as shown in drawings.
Fig. 1, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic-soft magnetism combined magnetic pole synchronous machine.
Fig. 2, Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic-soft magnetism combined magnetic pole direct current machine.
The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic of Fig. 3, square shell-soft magnetism combined magnetic pole direct current machine.
Further specify content detail of the present invention and embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that number of pole-pairs is 2 by a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic of concept of the present invention and the ac synchronous motor of soft magnetism combined magnetic pole; Watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole (1) polarity is identical, is contained on the rotor yoke (2); Soft magnetism magnetic pole (3) and rotor yoke (2) fuse, and can form or other soft magnetic materials are made with the silicon steel punching closed assembly.Watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole and soft magnetism magnetic pole space and evenly distribute.By the synchronous motor of concept of the present invention, in order to start needs, on soft magnetism magnetic pole pole-face, dispose mouse cage conductor bar (4), motor stator winding (5) is three phase windings.In this motor, be uniformly and Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic is heterogeneous extremely down that the pole center place is a minimal air gap, is increased gradually by middle mind-set both sides air gap along air gap delta under two soft magnetism magnetic poles.The pole embrace of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole and soft magnetism magnetic pole can be different.
As shown in Figure 1, in this motor, the air gap surface of soft magnetism magnetic pole (convex surface) radius of curvature is D./ 2, the radius of curvature of the air gap surface of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (convex surface) radius of curvature and relative another curved surface (concave curved surface) equates, promptly all is D
1/ 2.The bore of stator radius is D/2.
It should be appreciated that, as shown in Figure 1 in the motor, use the mouse cage conductor bar if cancellation starts, is exactly the synchronous generator of a permanent magnet excitation, can with wind turbine or the supporting use of explosive motor, composition auxiliary energy system.If add electronic commutator, just become the electronic commutation brushless DC motor.
Fig. 2 is the embodiment that the present invention is used as direct current machine.A watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (6) and a watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole (7) are contained in forms motor stator in the yoke casing (8), watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole and the soft magnetism magnetic pole space that evenly distributes, and (9) are the armature rotors.Figure 2 shows that two pairs of magnetic poles, number of pole-pairs P=2, the soft magnetism pole material can adopt soft iron.
In this motor 2P 〉=4 watts shape magnetic pole, half (P) is Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (6), and second half is soft magnetism magnetic pole (7).Two kinds of pole forms are different, and the radius of curvature of another curved surface (being convex surface) of the radius of curvature of the air gap curved surface (concave curved surface) of watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole and back of the body air gap equates, all equals D
o/ 2
oThe concave curved surface and the convex surface of watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole are concentric garden cylinder.Concave curved surface radius along air gap is D
1/ 2=D/2+ δ
o, the convex surface radius of back of the body air gap is D
o/ 2
oHere, D is a rotor diameter, δ
oBe center air gap under the permanent-magnet pole in the non-homogeneous air gap.The pole embrace of permanent magnetism magnetic pole is less than or equal to the pole embrace of soft magnetism magnetic pole.General small machine is not less than the 2-3 millimeter with the thickness of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole magnetization direction of orientation.Organization plan embodiment illustrated in fig. 2 both can be used for DC motor, also can be used for DC generator.
Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the present invention, is a kind of direct current machine of square casing.Square casing yoke adopts combined magnetic pole and constitutes motor stator.Two couples of magnetic pole 2P=4.Watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (11) of two same polarities is inlaid in the central authorities on the relative both sides of square casing (12) respectively.Square casing yoke equates with the convex surface garden cylinder radius of permanent magnetism magnetic pole at the inner sunken face garden at this place cylinder, cooperates closely.Permanent-magnet pole center casing wall thickness minimum, all the other of casing two relative edges central authorities are soft magnetism magnetic pole (13).It and square casing yoke (12) are made one, can form with punching silicon-steel, or make with other soft magnetic materials such as soft magnets.Square casing is provided with 4 installing and locating holes (10) for four jiaos, and (14) are armature.
In the square casing direct current machine, convex-concave two subsequent corrosion of watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole equate.Because constituting the square yoke (casing) of one with the soft magnetism magnetic pole is that punching out forms, thereby the air gap between soft magnetism magnetic pole and the rotor can need and be decided by design.Non-homogeneous air gap can be used, also even air gap can be used.Should be noted also that in the square yoke inner chamber a relative both sides central authorities indent, watt shape permanent magnetism magnetic pole is embedded in this place and the large scale rotor can be installed in the space saved, causes the increasing of motor power output.From magnetic Circuit Design, the magnetic that recess passes through in the yoke is close to be on the low side just at the right time.
The techno-economic effect of electric motor with combined magnetic pole of the present invention can reduce following some:
(1) electric motor with combined magnetic pole of the present invention with compare with the power ferrite magneto, efficient height, volume are little, in light weight.
(2) every pair of magnetic pole of electric motor with combined magnetic pole of the present invention is only used a watt of shape ndfeb magnetic pole, saved half NdFeB material, and because concavo-convex two curved surfaces of watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole are the iso-curvature radius, when adopting the wire electric discharge electrode cutting, when from the bulk NdFeB material, processing this permanent-magnet pole, two magnetic poles can cut curved surface by a shared line, thereby have improved the utilance of material and saved processing charges.
(3) motor permanent magnetism magnetic pole of the present invention is non-homogeneous air gap down, and minimal air gap is at pole center, and this structure can reduce the requirement of motor assembly precision.
(4) motor of the present invention adopts the magnetic structure of 2P 〉=4, has both reduced the polar arc mechanical angle, has reduced the angle between permanent magnetic material magnetic field orientating and the air-gap magnetic field direction again, helps making full use of of material and magnetic energy.
Should further specify: the present invention can be applied to promptly both can be used as ac synchronous motor among the two big class efficient permanent magnet motors, can be used as direct current machine again.More particularly, can divide two kinds of running statuses in the ac synchronous motor again; (1) autosynchronous motor utilizes the mouse cage in the soft iron magnetic pole to come asynchronous starting, utilizes then that Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic is excitatory does synchronous operation; (2) synchronous alternating-current generator is as permanent-magnet wind power (or animal power) generator, power station pilot exciter.When as direct current machine, also can divide two kinds of operating states; (1) mag-dynamo is fit to do the generator in the transport facility (aircraft, steamer, train, automobile, tractor etc.) more; (2) permanent magnet direct current motor, if any the brush motor, the electronically steerable brushless motor, varieties such as disc-type electric motor are many especially, purposes is also wide especially, except that in transport facility, doing the motor, can also in electric tool, acoustics, household appliance technical field, make the usefulness of drive motor.
Below, a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic of the present invention and soft magnetism combined magnetic pole direct current machine example by Fig. 2 structural design is provided, and with its with compare with the power ferrite magneto, the effect of motor of the present invention more specifically is described.
(1) performance parameter
12 volts of rated voltages
Rated current≤4.2A
Nominal torque 1000 gram-centimeters
30 watts of power outputs
Working speed＞3000 per minutes change
Electric efficiency＞60%
Electrical machinery life＞1200 hour
(2) structural parameters
Number of pole-pairs P 2(2P=4) right
2 of watt shape ndfeb magnetic poles
2 of watt shape soft iron magnetic poles
Watt shape ndfeb magnetic pole convex surface diameter D
o=6.4 centimetres
Watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole concave curved surface diameter D
1=5.8 centimetres
Pole embrace α
τ=0.7
D=5.75 centimetre of armature external diameter
(3) two kinds of permanent magnet direct current motor comparing datas of equal-wattage (30 watts) are as follows:
Motor type neodymium iron boron combined magnetic pole ferrite
Magnet steel weight 35 grams 80 grams
Electric efficiency 〉=60% 〉=50%
Volume (6.95 * 9.2 centimetres of 6.9 * 7.2 centimetres of φ of φ of φ * L)
Motor weight 1000 grams 1100 grams
Claims (4)
1, a kind of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic and soft magnetism electric motor with combined magnetic pole, is characterized in that utmost point closing radial magnetic circuit for many
(1) number of pole-pairs P 〉=2,
(2) in the every pair of utmost point closing radial magnetic circuit, one is a watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole, and another piece is a watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole
(3) radius of curvature of inside and outside two curved surfaces of watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (being convex surface and concave curved surface) equates;
(4) pole embrace of the pole embrace of watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole and watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole can not wait.
2, Fig. 1 electric motor with combined magnetic pole as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that a watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (1) and a watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole (3) are contained on the rotor yoke (2) at intervals, soft magnetism magnetic pole (3) and rotor yoke (2) are integral, configuration mouse cage conductor bar (4) on the soft magnetism magnetic pole strength, motor stator (5) is three phase windings.
3, Fig. 2 electric motor with combined magnetic pole as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (6) and watt shape soft magnetism magnetic pole (7) evenly distribute, are contained in apart from one another by ground and form motor stator in the yoke casing (8), the pole embrace of permanent magnetism magnetic pole is less than or equal to the pole embrace of soft magnetism magnetic pole.
4, Fig. 3 electric motor with combined magnetic pole as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that square casing yoke (12) and combined magnetic pole structure composition motor stator, watt shape Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic magnetic pole (11) of two same polarities, be inlaid in square casing yoke (12) central authorities on both sides relatively respectively, square casing yoke matches with the permanent magnetism magnetic pole convex surface in the inner sunken face shape at this place, symmetry utmost point midline casing wall thickness minimum, remaining relative both sides of casing yoke are soft magnetism magnetic pole (13), and soft magnetism magnetic pole (13) and square casing yoke (12) are made one.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91101072 CN1044178C (en) | 1991-02-27 | 1991-02-27 | Electric motor with combined magnetic pole of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and soft magnet |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91101072 CN1044178C (en) | 1991-02-27 | 1991-02-27 | Electric motor with combined magnetic pole of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and soft magnet |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1056383A true CN1056383A (en) | 1991-11-20 |
| CN1044178C CN1044178C (en) | 1999-07-14 |
Family
ID=4904952
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91101072 Expired - Fee Related CN1044178C (en) | 1991-02-27 | 1991-02-27 | Electric motor with combined magnetic pole of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet and soft magnet |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1044178C (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100468923C (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-03-11 | 山东大学 | A.C./D.C permanent-magnet synchronous generator |
| CN102005882A (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-04-06 | 罗伯特.博世有限公司 | Electrical machine with reduced positioning torque, particularly permanent magnet synchronous machine |
| CN102270890A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-07 | 浙江方正电机股份有限公司 | Non-salient pole type miniature permanent magnet direct current motor |
| CN102801236A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-11-28 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor and rotor thereof, and assembly method for motor |
| CN101267131B (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2013-03-20 | 泰豪科技股份有限公司 | A three-division mixed magnetic pole excitation single-armature brushless generator |
| CN103023260A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-03 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Two-stage self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN103236771A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-07 | 大连东利伟业环保节能科技有限公司 | Asynchronous starting rotor of half-magnetic-sheet permanent-magnetic synchronous motor |
| CN103647422A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Series-connection hybrid magnetic material motor |
| CN104184284A (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2014-12-03 | 赵晓东 | Double-magnetic-circuit asynchronous-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN104184291A (en) * | 2014-03-16 | 2014-12-03 | 赵晓东 | Double half-pole asynchronous-start permanent magnet synchronous motor and pole-changing speed- changing method |
| CN104776040A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-15 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Air exhauster for dish washing machine and dish washing machine with air exhauster |
| EP2073352B1 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2016-03-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Permanently excited synchronous machine with shell magnets |
| CN106849421A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-13 | 山东理工大学 | The wheel hub electric motor of electric vehicle of central excitation |
-
1991
- 1991-02-27 CN CN 91101072 patent/CN1044178C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100468923C (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2009-03-11 | 山东大学 | A.C./D.C permanent-magnet synchronous generator |
| EP2073352B1 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2016-03-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Permanently excited synchronous machine with shell magnets |
| CN101267131B (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2013-03-20 | 泰豪科技股份有限公司 | A three-division mixed magnetic pole excitation single-armature brushless generator |
| CN102005882A (en) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-04-06 | 罗伯特.博世有限公司 | Electrical machine with reduced positioning torque, particularly permanent magnet synchronous machine |
| CN102270890A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2011-12-07 | 浙江方正电机股份有限公司 | Non-salient pole type miniature permanent magnet direct current motor |
| CN102801236A (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2012-11-28 | 珠海格力节能环保制冷技术研究中心有限公司 | Permanent magnet auxiliary synchronous reluctance motor and rotor thereof, and assembly method for motor |
| CN103023260B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2015-08-05 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Two-pole self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN103023260A (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-04-03 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Two-stage self-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN103236771A (en) * | 2013-05-17 | 2013-08-07 | 大连东利伟业环保节能科技有限公司 | Asynchronous starting rotor of half-magnetic-sheet permanent-magnetic synchronous motor |
| CN103647422A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-03-19 | 江苏大学 | Series-connection hybrid magnetic material motor |
| CN104776040A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-15 | 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 | Air exhauster for dish washing machine and dish washing machine with air exhauster |
| CN104184284A (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2014-12-03 | 赵晓东 | Double-magnetic-circuit asynchronous-starting permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN104184284B (en) * | 2014-01-25 | 2016-06-08 | 大连碧蓝节能环保科技有限公司 | Double magnetic circuit asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor rotor |
| CN104184291A (en) * | 2014-03-16 | 2014-12-03 | 赵晓东 | Double half-pole asynchronous-start permanent magnet synchronous motor and pole-changing speed- changing method |
| CN104184291B (en) * | 2014-03-16 | 2016-06-08 | 大连碧蓝节能环保科技有限公司 | Two half 4 pole asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motors and pole-changing windings method |
| CN106849421A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-13 | 山东理工大学 | The wheel hub electric motor of electric vehicle of central excitation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1044178C (en) | 1999-07-14 |
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