CN102003140B - Traversing reverse circulating drilling method of horizontal directional drilling pipeline and special drilling bit - Google Patents

Traversing reverse circulating drilling method of horizontal directional drilling pipeline and special drilling bit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102003140B
CN102003140B CN201010515142A CN201010515142A CN102003140B CN 102003140 B CN102003140 B CN 102003140B CN 201010515142 A CN201010515142 A CN 201010515142A CN 201010515142 A CN201010515142 A CN 201010515142A CN 102003140 B CN102003140 B CN 102003140B
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drilling
bit
mud
reaming
boring
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CN102003140A (en
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马保松
韦立勇
兰海涛
曾聪
舒彪
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China University of Geosciences
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China University of Geosciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a traversing reverse circulating drilling method of a horizontal directional drilling pipeline and a special drilling bit, which are suitable for laying oil-gas pipelines and municipal pipelines. The drilling method comprises the following steps of: mounting a gravel pump at the outer end of a drilling machine or a pit, wherein hollow cavities are formed in the drilling bit and the drilling stem in use; arranging a slag suction port communicated with a borehole circular space on a reaming drilling bit; sleeving a roller cone seat with a roller cone outside the body of the reaming drilling bit, wherein the position of the roller cone corresponds to that of the slag suction port; arranging a plug for blockage at one end of the reaming drilling bit; and circularly flowing slurry according to a flowing direction from a slurry pond to the borehole circular space, the reaming drilling bit, the drilling stem, the gravel pump and the slurry pond during drilling so as to reach the aim of deslagging. The method and the drilling bit of the invention can be adopted to effectively remove drilling slag and gravel in the horizontal borehole and solve various problems in the traversing construction of the large-diameter horizontal directional drilling pipeline.

Description

A kind of horizontal directional drilling pipeline passes through reverse circulation drilling method and target drill
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of horizontal directional drilling pipeline and pass through reverse circulation drilling method and target drill, this horizontal directional drilling pipeline passes through the reverse circulation drilling method and is specially adapted to carry out oil gas or municipal pipeline laying, belongs to the trenchless engineering field.
Background technology
At present, adopting horizontal orientation to creep in the tubing construction, because construction duct length and bore are increasing.Along with the increase of duct length and bore diameter, the drilling cuttings that produces in the reaming process also increases exponentially, and the landwaste particle diameter that the rock stratum is produced in creeping into is bigger, so to creep into scarfing cinder more difficult in the rock stratum.Particularly pass through object of construction production, how to remove the individual especially very problem of difficulty of boring mud in the boring effectively for the major diameter on the picture transfering natural gas from the west to the east two wires, length distance.The reason of a key be exactly in the boring annulus flow velocity of mud very low, the minimum critical flow velocity requirement that does not at all reach effective deslagging.
In addition, it is also huge especially that large-scale horizontal directional drill passes through the needed construction equipment of engineering, and the moment of torsion of rig often will reach more than 10 Wan Niumi, and rig and facility that horizontal orientation is crept into usefulness manufacture and design and all proposed very high requirement.Existing horizontal orientation creeps into and has following techno-economic question in the process:
1) takes a sand difficult problem under especially big wellhole, ultralow flow velocity, the high landwaste concentration.Silt particle in being difficult to hole is got rid of clean, especially the boring mud of larger particles or ovum gravel.
2) the slurry problem of scurrying on stratum.In drilling process; Mud needs certain pressure could guarantee to discharge effectively drilling cuttings; But the shallow stratum that the general 15-25m in the stratum that horizontal directional drill passes through is dark, under pressure, mud very easily penetrates loose topsoil or passes through the blowby of crack, stratum to the face of land.
3) need carry out repeatedly hole flushing operation, consume a large amount of mud materialses; As the orientation of 950 meters of the two wires of transferring natural gas from the west to the east is bored the River Crossing project and is consumed ton surplus the swell soil 5000.
4) working procedure is many, needs repeatedly hole flushing, and the construction period is longer.
5) engineering risk is big, because dregs is difficult to remove totally in the hole, is prone to cause pipeline to return and drags failure.
6) because the inner hole deposition slag is more, and sandy soil content is bigger in the mud, be prone to cause drilling tool serious wear, reaming moment of torsion excessive, engineering accidents such as bit freezing and drilling tool fracture occur.
7) because above-mentioned many adverse effects make engineering cost higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problem that occurs in the above-mentioned prior art; The invention provides a kind of horizontal directional drilling pipeline and pass through reverse circulation drilling method and target drill; This process is on the basis of traditional drilling mud direct circulation; Through changing the loop direction of drilling slurry, make it with prior art in the loop direction of mud just in time opposite.Improve the circulation flow rate of the mud that carries boring mud greatly, can get rid of boring mud and rubble in the horizontal drilling effectively.Adopt process of the present invention and drill bit, the problems that perplex major diameter horizontal directional drilling pipeline crossing construction at present all will be readily solved.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of horizontal directional drilling pipeline passes through the reverse circulation drilling method; The drilling rod of rig gets into the boring annulus through going into heatable adobe sleeping platform; The other end of boring annulus is for going out heatable adobe sleeping platform; Drilling rod is connected with reaming bit through tool joint, and drilling rod inside and reaming bit inside are the cavity of hollow, and reaming bit is provided with the slag suction mouth that is communicated with the annulus of holing; Two cavitys, slag suction mouth and boring annulus form slurry channel jointly, and gravel pump is placed in rig or goes out the outer end of heatable adobe sleeping platform; When gravel pump is placed in the rig outer end, will go into heatable adobe sleeping platform as mud pit, gravel pump is communicated with the reaming bit of hollow through drilling rod, and reaming bit is used the plug shutoff near an end that goes out heatable adobe sleeping platform; When gravel pump is placed in out the heatable adobe sleeping platform outer end; To go out heatable adobe sleeping platform as mud pit; Gravel pump is communicated with the reaming bit of hollow through drilling rod; And reaming bit is used the plug shutoff near an end of going into heatable adobe sleeping platform, mud is circulated according to the flow direction of mud pit → boring annulus → reaming bit → drilling rod → gravel pump → mud pit.
And can be among the present invention with recycling behind the mud sediment of discharging in creeping into.
The present invention also provides a kind of can realize that this horizontal directional drilling pipeline passes through the target drill of reverse circulation drilling process; The bit body inside of this drill bit is the cavity of hollow; The gear wheel cover for seat that gear wheel is installed is loaded on outside the bit body; The bit body stage casing is provided with slag suction mouth, and the position of slag suction mouth is corresponding with gear wheel, and an end of bit body is provided with the plug that is used for shutoff.
But by the direct circulation mode of technique scheme knowledge capital invention with mud in the existing chambering process; Promptly in the reaming process; The circulation approach of mud is: mud pit → slush pump → drilling rod → reaming bit → boring annulus → mud pit; Change into anti-loop direction and flow, be: mud pit → boring annulus → reaming bit → drilling rod → gravel pump → mud pit.The present invention is through position that changes the gravel pump installation and the drill bit that is provided with slag suction mouth that uses hollow; Both can realize creeping into from the anti-circulation reaming of rig one side; Also can realize creeping into from the bury anti-circulation reaming of side of pipeline, effective construction length of the chambering process that can will instead circulate doubles.
The present invention has the outstanding advantage of following several aspects:
1. reverse circulation drilling mud has the speed (can reach 2-4m/s) of backflowing on higher in the drilling rod central passage; This will make drilling efficiency improve greatly; With the consumption that reduces power consumption, reduction rock crushing tool to a great extent, thereby construction period is significantly shortened, construction cost significantly reduces.
2. can efficiently, omnidistancely remove the everywhere boring mud in the whole boring, not stay the dead angle.Therefore can reduce the hole enlargement coefficient of boring effectively, thereby reduce reaming sum of series hole flushing number of times.
3. the piston high-density pump that direct circulation cleaning dregs system is used; Sand content in the mud is required very strict; Even it is up to standard with used mud conditioning to use mud purifying device also to be difficult for; And the reverse circulation cutting cleaning system uses is gravel pump, and the sand content in the mud is not almost required, and carries boring mud and returns the outer mud that portals and only need that deposition is promptly reusable a little.
4. can significantly reduce the use amount of mud.Adopt crossover circulation technique then can significantly reduce the use amount of mud, thereby can reduce construction cost significantly, reduce the pollution of mud environment.
5. can reduce requirement significantly to the equipment of pumping station configuration.Use crossover circulation technique; Can reduce the specification of the piston high-density pump that is disposed, reduce requirement, thereby can reduce an equipment configuration cost and an equipment turnover expense greatly mud conditioning equipment; Save the mud conditioning expense, avoid because of the untimely and compelled shut-down of mud conditioning etc.
6. can improve pipeline greatly and return the safety of dragging.Adopt the reverse circulation cutting cleaning system, can efficiently, omnidistancely remove the everywhere boring mud in the whole boring, do not stay the dead angle, therefore can improve the safety of trombone slide operation greatly.
7. mud blowby and ground can not occur in the horizontal directional drill reverse circulation drilling construction and emit the slurry problem.Mud in the annulus almost is to lean on gravity flow, does not have pressure, so generally can not penetrate loose topsoil blowby to the face of land.
Description of drawings
When Fig. 1 is placed in the rig outer end for gravel pump among the embodiment 1, with reverse circulation drilling process method reaming sketch map.
When Fig. 2 is placed in out the heatable adobe sleeping platform outer end for gravel pump among the embodiment 2, with reverse circulation drilling process method reaming sketch map.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 1 a used drill bit structure sketch map.
Fig. 4 is embodiment 2 used drill bit structure sketch mapes.
Among the figure 1, gravel pump; 2, rig; 3, drilling rod; 4, go into heatable adobe sleeping platform; 5, river course; 6, centralizer; 7, reaming bit; 8, go out heatable adobe sleeping platform; 9, boring annulus; 10, protection spoke; 11, gear wheel; 12, gear wheel seat; 13, slag suction mouth; 14, drill bit cone; 15, plug; 16, lip pencil conehead, 17, tool joint.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is described further.
Like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2; It is on the basis of traditional drilling mud circulation that horizontal directional drilling pipeline provided by the invention passes through the reverse circulation drilling method; Through changing corollary equipment and the drill bit that adopts new construction; Mud circulated according to the flow direction of mud pit → boring annulus → reaming bit → drilling rod → gravel pump → mud pit during realization was crept into, and the drilling rod 3 of rig 2 gets into boring annulus 9 through going into heatable adobe sleeping platform 4 in this technology, and the other end of boring annulus 9 is for going out heatable adobe sleeping platform 8; The drilling rod 3 outer centralizers 6 that are provided with of rig 2; Drilling rod 3 is connected with reaming bit 7 through tool joint, and drilling rod inside and reaming bit inside are the cavity of hollow, and reaming bit 7 is provided with the slag suction mouth 13 that is communicated with the annulus 9 of holing; Two cavitys, slag suction mouth 13 and the boring annulus 9 common slurry channels that form, gravel pump 1 is placed in rig 2 or goes out the outer end of heatable adobe sleeping platform 8.Among the embodiment 1 shown in Figure 1, gravel pump 1 is placed in rig 2 outer ends, will go into heatable adobe sleeping platform 4 as mud pit; Gravel pump 1 is communicated with the drilling rod 3 of hollow, and with drilling rod 3 near an end that goes out heatable adobe sleeping platform 8 with plug 15 shutoff, gravel pump 1 is constantly extracted out through the slag suction mouth 13 at drilling rod 3, reaming bit 7 places and is riddled the mud of boring in the annulus 9 when creeping into; The boring mud that reaming bit 7 cuts is by the mud entrain; Along with the mud that is drawn out of gets into the drill bit cavity through slag suction mouth 13, be carried to the face of land through drilling rod 3, gravel pump 1, thereby realize deslagging; Arrow among Fig. 1 has been represented the flow direction of mud; Through test mud in drilling rod on backflow speed up to 2-4m/s, along with constantly being drawn out of of hole bottom slurry, the mud in the mud pit replenishes through the mud that gravity gets in 9 pairs of circulating systems of boring annulus; The mud that is drawn out of can reuse after getting rid of boring mud through purified treatment (like deposition).Among the embodiment 2 shown in Figure 2, gravel pump 1 is placed in out heatable adobe sleeping platform 8 outer ends, will go out heatable adobe sleeping platform 8 as mud pit; Gravel pump 1 is communicated with the drilling rod 3 of hollow; And with drilling rod 3 near an end of centralizer 6 with plug 14 shutoff, under the swabbing action of gravel pump 1, mud is sucked up to the face of land by the slag suction mouth 13 of boring annulus 9 through the reaming bit place with drilling rod 3 inner hollow channels when creeping into; Arrow among Fig. 2 has been represented the flow direction of mud; The boring mud that reaming bit 7 cuts is directly fallen into or is inhaled into the drilling rod cavity with mud, and along with the mud of circulation is carried to the face of land, thereby realize the purpose of anti-circulation deslagging.Horizontal directional drilling pipeline provided by the invention passes through the reverse circulation drilling process method and is specially adapted to trenchless engineering, like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2ly pass through engineering for 5 bottoms, river course.
The bit body of used drill bit inside is the cavity of hollow among the present invention, and the bit body stage casing is provided with slag suction mouth 13, and the diameter of slag suction mouth 13 place's bit bodys is greater than the diameter of bit body remainder; Be used for slag absorbing to form a bigger cavity; The gear wheel seat 12 that gear wheel 11 is installed is set in outside the bit body, and the back of gear wheel seat 12 is provided with drill bit cone 14, and drilling rod drives the bit body rotation and drives gear wheel 11 and rotates in creeping into; The position of gear wheel 11 is corresponding with slag suction mouth 13; The front portion of bit body is provided with lip pencil conehead 16, the lip pencil conehead 16 outer protection spokes 10 that are provided with, and an end of bit body is provided with the plug 15 that is used for shutoff; The plug 15 of used drill bit is positioned at drill bit cone 14 outsides (as shown in Figure 3) among the embodiment 1, and the plug 15 of used drill bit is positioned at lip pencil cone 15 outsides (as shown in Figure 4) among the embodiment 2.Reaming bit is communicated with drilling rod through tool joint; The cavity of hollow is communicated with the boring annulus through slag suction mouth with the cavity of the interior hollow of reaming bit in the drilling rod; Two cavitys, slag suction mouth and boring annulus form slurry channel jointly, creep into the requirement that middle mud can circulate according to the flow direction of mud pit → boring annulus → reaming bit → drilling rod → gravel pump → mud pit to satisfy.

Claims (7)

1. a horizontal directional drilling pipeline passes through the reverse circulation drilling method; It is characterized in that: the drilling rod of rig gets into the boring annulus through going into heatable adobe sleeping platform; The other end of boring annulus is for going out heatable adobe sleeping platform; Drilling rod is connected with reaming bit through tool joint, and drilling rod inside and reaming bit inside are the cavity of hollow, and reaming bit is provided with the slag suction mouth that is communicated with the annulus of holing; Two cavitys, slag suction mouth and boring annulus form slurry channel jointly, and gravel pump is placed in rig or goes out the outer end of heatable adobe sleeping platform; When gravel pump is placed in the rig outer end, will go into heatable adobe sleeping platform as mud pit, gravel pump is communicated with the reaming bit of hollow through drilling rod, and reaming bit is used the plug shutoff near an end that goes out heatable adobe sleeping platform; When gravel pump is placed in out the heatable adobe sleeping platform outer end, will go out heatable adobe sleeping platform as mud pit, gravel pump is communicated with the reaming bit of hollow through drilling rod, and reaming bit is used the plug shutoff near an end of going into heatable adobe sleeping platform; Mud is circulated according to the flow direction of mud pit → boring annulus → reaming bit → drilling rod → gravel pump → mud pit.
2. horizontal directional drilling pipeline according to claim 1 passes through the reverse circulation drilling method, it is characterized in that: the mud of discharging in will creeping into is recycled after removing boring mud.
3. horizontal directional drilling pipeline according to claim 1 passes through the reverse circulation drilling method, it is characterized in that: the drilling rod of rig is provided with centralizer outward.
4. one kind is used for the said horizontal directional drilling pipeline of claim 1 and passes through the reaming bit of reverse circulation drilling method; At least comprise bit body; It is characterized in that: bit body is inner to be the cavity of hollow, and the gear wheel cover for seat that gear wheel is installed is loaded on outside the bit body, and the bit body stage casing is provided with slag suction mouth; The position of slag suction mouth is corresponding with gear wheel, and an end of bit body is provided with the plug that is used for shutoff.
5. drill bit according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the diameter of slag suction mouth place bit body is greater than the diameter of bit body remainder.
6. drill bit according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the back of gear wheel seat is provided with the drill bit cone.
7. drill bit according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the front portion of bit body is provided with the lip pencil conehead, and conehead is provided with the protection spoke outward.
CN201010515142A 2010-10-20 2010-10-20 Traversing reverse circulating drilling method of horizontal directional drilling pipeline and special drilling bit Expired - Fee Related CN102003140B (en)

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