CN102002947A - Explosion expanded internal anchor head prestressed anchor cable for strengthening weak rock and anchoring method thereof - Google Patents
Explosion expanded internal anchor head prestressed anchor cable for strengthening weak rock and anchoring method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102002947A CN102002947A CN 201010572943 CN201010572943A CN102002947A CN 102002947 A CN102002947 A CN 102002947A CN 201010572943 CN201010572943 CN 201010572943 CN 201010572943 A CN201010572943 A CN 201010572943A CN 102002947 A CN102002947 A CN 102002947A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an explosion expanded internal anchor prestressed anchor cable for strengthening a weak rock and an anchoring method thereof. The anchor cable comprises a bit expanded anchor cable hole and an anchor cable body with an explosion expanded internal anchor head, wherein the explosion expanded internal anchor head consists of a lantern-shaped steel frame and a grouting body; and the lantern-shaped steel frame comprises lanced steel tubes, wire meshes and detached steel strands which are hierarchically distributed from the interior to the exterior. The anchoring method comprises the following steps of: drilling an anchor cable hole by using a driller, putting explosive at the bottom of the hole for explosion after holing, cleaning the hole and making a spherical cavity formed at the bottom of the drilled hole; simultaneously making an initial sample of the explosion expanded internal anchor head anchor cable by using the steel strands, the steel tubes, the wire meshes, the explosive and the like, inserting the anchor cable, igniting the explosive in the initial sample of the anchor cable, and forming the lantern-shaped internal anchor head steel frame; and finally grouting, and stretching and locking the anchor cable. The invention can obviously improve the bearing capacity of the internal anchor head grouting body and the prestress of the anchor cable, effectively solves the problem of poor anchored force of the anchor cable in the process of strengthening the weak rock, and can shorten the length of the internal anchoring section and widen an effective range of anchoring the rock.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the rock-reinforcing field of engineering technology, particularly a kind of interior anchor head prestress anchorage cable of explosive expansion and anchoring process thereof of reinforcing weak rock mass.
Background technology
In the rock-reinforcing engineering, prestress anchorage cable is the supporting type of using always.Pre existing stress anchor cable structure is usually by the rig pore-forming, anchor cable is terminal glued in rock mass at cylindric foot of hole by materials such as cement mortar, free section by anchor cable in the stretch-draw hole, make and occur stretch-draw prestressing force in the anchor cable, the interior rock mass of certain limit is in pressured state around making the anchor cable hole, improve its intensity, thereby reach the purpose of reinforcing rock mass.At present, when side slope softer to lithology, that the off-load weathering is comparatively serious or Foundation Design are reinforced, usually adopt common anchor cable, prestress anchorage cable or enlarged footing anchor cable, yet because the weak feature of rock mass itself makes existing anchor cable reinforcement measure be difficult to reach the requirement of engineering design.
(patent publication No.: CN 101538856A) disclose a kind of job practices of enlarged footing anchor pole, after rig is bored into and waits to be provided with the enlarged footing position, with bit change-over is that off-balance bit carries out percussive drilling, utilizes the side knock effect realization reaming of off-balance bit to creep into the formation enlarged footing.When this method was carried out the enlarged footing anchor bolt construction, counter bore diameter was limited, and the anchored force increase rate of anchor pole is little.
(patent publication No.: CN 101205719A) disclose a kind of deep-thick earth-rock aggregate pawl type blasting anchor device, it is characterized in that controlled blasting, pawl device and anchor cable organically combine, by controlled blasting at the bottom of the boring hole, densification hole subsoil rock mixture, form firm relatively geotechnical body, at the bottom of the hole, form cavity simultaneously, as the anchoring section of anchor cable, ratchet is installed in the anchor cable end, after the boring slip casting, this pawl type blasting anchor device both can prevent that the anchoring section injecting cement paste was along the soil-rock mixture interfacial failure, also prevent anchor cable injecting cement paste interfacial failure, form firm relatively geotechnical body at anchoring section again, make the deep-thick earth-rock mixture obtain reinforcing.This anchor device mainly is applicable to the soil body or soil-rock mixture, requires native stone body must have good compressibility, and ratchet needs factory process to make.
(patent publication No.: CN 2423318Y) disclose a kind of Explosion expanded rockbolt, anchor head adopts special steel sleeve in the body of rod.On steel sleeve, open six road grooves, during construction, earlier Grouting Pipe and steel sleeve are connected, steel strand are penetrated Grouting Pipe, and from steel sleeve, stretch out one section, the steel strand that will stretch out untie, stretching, with it explosive and detonator are surrounded and the suitable cylinder of steel sleeve internal diameter size, anti-drawing steel stranded wire, this cylinder enters the correct position in the steel sleeve, and seal the steel sleeve mouth of pipe, anchoring section forms the spindle enlarged footing after the explosive expansion.This Explosion expanded rockbolt mainly is applicable to the soil body or soil-rock mixture on the one hand, and require the soil body or soil-rock mixture must have good compressibility, on the other hand, there is not buffer structure between steel strand and explosive in the explosive expansion head, steel strand easy fracture or destruction, and steel strand can return to the origin-location behind explosive charge, and steel strand are not brought together endways yet, easily deviate from from the grouting body during tension, the enlarged footing effect is difficult to bring into play its effect.
Engineering practice shows that existing common anchor cable, prestress anchorage cable or enlarged footing anchor cable mainly have the following disadvantages:
When (1) adopting the pressure-type anchor cable, excessive when the anchorage cable stretching load, the body that then is in the milk may be crushed and anchor cable is pulled out; When adopting the tension type anchor cable, drawing crack shear failure then easily takes place in the grouting body.
(2) machine drilling mode generally only can form cylindric boring, and when rock mass is weak (as strong weathered granite), shear failure easily takes place for the grouting body and the rock mass bonding surface of anchoring section in the anchor cable, can't reach the prestressing force builder's tonnage when anchorage cable stretching.
(3) for bigger anchored force is provided, anchoring section length is longer in the anchor cable, even reaches the anchor cable total length half, thereby causes the free stretch-draw segment length of anchor cable less, and the rock mass of actual anchoring is limited in scope, and anchor structure is unreasonable.
(4) in rock mass reinforcing, when adopting the mechanical hole reaming mode to carry out the enlarged footing anchor cable construction, counter bore diameter is limited, thereby anchored force increase amplitude is also limited.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is exactly the deficiency at existing prestress anchorage cable, and a kind of interior anchor head prestress anchorage cable of explosive expansion and anchoring process thereof of reinforcing weak rock mass is provided.
Anchor head prestress anchorage cable in a kind of explosive expansion of reinforcing weak rock mass that the present invention proposes comprises enlarged footing anchor cable hole, outer anchor pier and has the anchor cable body of anchor head in the explosive expansion.Wherein anchor head is made of lantern shape steel frame and grouting body in the explosive expansion, and lantern shape steel frame comprises joint-cutting steel pipe, the gauze wire cloth of from-inner-to-outer layer distributed and breaks steel hinge line.
Anchoring process of the present invention mainly contains the following step:
1) in rock mass, is drilled with the anchor cable hole with rig, puts at the bottom of the hole explosive and ignition behind the pore-forming, make foot of hole form the spherical hollow space enlarged footing behind the clear hole;
2) in the steel pipe stage casing along axis direction even joint-cutting on tube wall, and explosive and electric cap are placed the center in steel pipe cross section by padded coaming, the stemming shutoff of explosive both sides, electric cap lead-in wire is drawn, is connected with lead in being through Grouting Pipe by the steel pipe afterbody;
3) the above step overlaps a tubular gauze wire cloth in the steel pipe periphery, and the one end is fixed on the steel pipe head for the basis;
4) the above step breaks the steel strand of anchor cable head, and is bound in outside steel pipe and the tubular gauze wire cloth with thin wire for the basis, makes steel strand be distributed in outer wall of steel pipe uniformly;
5) the above step is the basis, adopts anchor slab and intermediate plate that steel strand are brought together at the steel pipe head, excises unnecessary steel strand, and the anchor cable guiding cap is installed on the steel strand after bringing together, makes it form anchor head anchor cable first sample in explosive expansion;
6) anchor head anchor cable first sample in the explosive expansion is installed in the anchor cable hole, and guarantees in the explosive expansion of anchor cable that the anchor head section is positioned at spherical hollow space at the bottom of the hole;
7) by lead detonator and the explosive in the anchor head first sample in the explosive expansion that detonate, the steel strand of make joint-cutting steel pipe, tubular gauze wire cloth, breaking expand under detonation and form one " lantern shape " skeleton;
8) perfusion anchoring agent in the anchor cable hole, forming with steel pipe, gauze wire cloth and steel strand in the bottom is anchor head structure in the lantern shape of skeleton;
9) after the grouting body reached design strength, the anchor pier place carried out the tensioning fixation of anchor cable outside, and carried out the sealing off and covering anchorage protection.
In actual applications: the anchor cable body of anchor head prestress anchorage cable is made of anchor head section in common section and the explosive expansion in the explosive expansion of the present invention.Tie up by steel strand for common section and form, can carry out free stretch-draw.In the explosive expansion first sample from-inner-to-outer of anchor head by electric cap, explosive, cushion coat (damp sand, rock dust or sawdust), joint-cutting steel pipe, gauze wire cloth, break steel strand etc. and form.Wherein, described joint-cutting steel pipe has plasticity and ductility preferably, and along axis direction joint-cutting on tube wall, and joint-cutting is at interval about 10mm in the steel pipe stage casing; Described electric cap, explosive are positioned at steel pipe joint-cutting section middle part, make its center that is fixed on the steel pipe cross section with flexible buffer materials such as damp sand, rock dust, sawdusts, and electric cap goes between and drawn by the steel pipe afterbody, are connected with lead in being through Grouting Pipe; Described gauze wire cloth is made tubular, and mesh is bigger, change that can be by shape of a mesh and enlarged, and gauze wire cloth one end is fixed on the steel pipe head, other end freedom; Described steel strand are that the steel strand of anchor cable body head are broken, and be bound in outside steel pipe and the gauze wire cloth with thin wire, make and break steel strand and be distributed in outer wall of steel pipe uniformly, tie up unsuitable tension, guarantee that gauze wire cloth slides freely along steel pipe walls, and adopt anchor slab and intermediate plate etc. that steel strand are firmly brought together at the steel pipe front end.On the steel strand after the anchor cable guiding cap is installed on and brings together.
When the explosion reaming was carried out in bottom, anchor cable hole, the total dose of explosive of filling was calculated by following formula in the hole:
In the formula:
Q---the total dose of chambering (kg);
ρ---explosive density (kg/m
3);
D---enlarged footing diameter (m);
P---the fried index that expands of rock.
The reaming number of times should be determined according to rock behavio(u)r.After each reaming, adopt pressure-air or water under high pressure to carry out hole clearly, outside the rock slag tap with the explosion generation.
After anchor head anchor cable first sample is installed in the anchor cable hole in the explosive expansion, by lead detonate therebetween detonator and explosive, make joint-cutting steel pipe stage casing be expanded to the lantern shape under detonation, gauze wire cloth expands with steel pipe.Steel pipe after the expansion, gauze wire cloth and steel strand form one " lantern shape " skeleton.After the anchor cable slip casting, forming with steel pipe, steel strand and gauze wire cloth in the bottom is the interior anchor head structure of skeleton.
With respect to prior art, the present invention has following advantage:
(1) anchor head anchor cable and anchoring process in the explosive expansion of the present invention's proposition applicable to weak rock mass, also are applicable to the soil body or soil-rock mixture, and the scope of application is extensive.
(2) with respect to the mechanical hole reaming technology, explosion counter-boring techniques provided by the invention can form the bigger spherical hollow space enlarged footing of diameter in bottom, anchor cable hole, has effectively enlarged the stressed sphere of action of anchoring section in the anchor cable.
(3) with respect to existing Anchor Cable Technique, the grouting body bore compressive stress at the bottom of the present invention made the hole by the anchor slab of bringing steel strand in the enlarged footing together, made and still had very big safety stock when pulling slippage between steel strand and grouting body.
(4) with respect to existing technology, the present invention can form based on " the lantern shape " of expansion steel pipe, gauze wire cloth and steel strand interior anchoring section grouting body skeleton, make the steel strand at enlarged footing place have the overall structure of good mechanical characteristic with the formation of grouting body, resistance to compression, shear strength and the supporting capacity of anchor head grouting body in improving, thereby can apply bigger anchorage cable stretching load, efficiently solve the defective that weak reinforcing rock slope stream line prestressing force is difficult to reach builder's tonnage.
(5) anchor head structure in the explosive expansion of the present invention's proposition, anchoring section length in can shortening, the effective range of raising rock anchorage is saved construction investment.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the interior anchor head prestress anchorage cable schematic diagram of the explosive expansion of the weak rock side slope of reinforcing of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is an anchor head drawing in the explosive expansion of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is an anchor head full-page proof A-A profile in the explosive expansion of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 4 is an anchor head full-page proof B-B profile in the explosive expansion of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is an anchor head full-page proof C-C profile in the explosive expansion of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 6 is an anchor head joint-cutting steel pipe schematic diagram in the explosive expansion of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 7 is an anchor head gauze wire cloth schematic diagram in the explosive expansion of the present invention.
In the accompanying drawing: 1---the free section of anchor cable, 2---anchor cable ends the slurry section, and 3---anchoring section in the anchor cable, 4---ground tackle, 5---directed steel sleeve, 6---isolating frame, 7---steel strand, 8---boring, 9---end the slurry bag, 10---pinned sheepshank, 11---rock mass, 12---guiding cap, 13---outer anchor pier concrete, 14---the grouting body, 15---break steel strand, 16---iron wire, 17---the steel pipe of band joint-cutting, 18---explosive, 19---electric cap, 20---gauze wire cloth, 21---the steel anchor slab, 22---intermediate plate, 23---joint-cutting, 24---iron wire is tied up, and 25---damp sand, rock dust or sawdust, 26---stemming.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment of the present invention the present invention is further introduced.Anchor head prestress anchorage cable in the explosive expansion of the weak rock mass of the reinforcing that the present invention proposes, the specific implementation process is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, reinforce anchor head prestress anchorage cable in the explosive expansion of weak rock mass, by the free section of anchor cable (1), end slurry section (2), interior anchoring section parts such as (3) is formed.Carry out the construction of anchor cable according to following steps:
One, as shown in Figure 2, adopt rotary rig to bore the anchor cable hole in rock mass, diameter is 130mm; Put into the spherical emulsion of 100g and 200g after boring is finished at twice respectively and carry out the explosion reaming at the bottom of the hole, adopt pressure-air to carry out hole clearly after each reaming, after the reaming, forming diameter is the enlarged footing of 500mm.
Two, carry out the making of anchor cable body first sample.As shown in Figure 1, 2, select the steel pipe (17) of a diameter 80mm, and its material has plasticity and ductility preferably; As shown in Figure 6, along axis direction joint-cutting (23) on tube wall, does not cut at two ends in steel pipe (17) stage casing, and joint-cutting (23) is at interval about 10mm.Shown in Fig. 2,4, emulsion (18) and the instant electric detonator (19) of one segment length 50mm diameter 32mm are placed steel pipe, explosive cartridge (18) is apart from the about 500mm of steel tube end part, and adopt damp sand, rock dust or sawdust (25) to fill fixedly to make explosive (18) to be positioned at the center in steel pipe (17) cross section, usefulness stemming (26) shutoff of explosive (18) both sides.Electric cap (19) lead-in wire is drawn by steel pipe (17) afterbody, is connected with lead in being through Grouting Pipe.At steel pipe (17) outside cover one mesh is the tubular gauze wire cloth (20) of 20mm, and gauze wire cloth (20) can be by the change of shape of a mesh enlarged, the length of gauze wire cloth (20) is about 1000mm.As shown in Figure 7, adopt thin wire (24) that gauze wire cloth (20) is fixed on the steel pipe (17) at steel pipe (17) head.6 strands of steel strand (7) of anchor cable body head are broken, and be bound in outside steel pipe (17) and the gauze wire cloth (20) with thin wire (16), make 42 to break steel strand (15) and be distributed in steel pipe (17) outer wall uniformly, tie up unsuitable tension, guarantee that gauze wire cloth slides along tube wall, as shown in Figure 4.At the steel pipe head, adopt anchor slab (21) and intermediate plate (22) that steel strand (15) are brought together, excise unnecessary steel strand, as shown in Figure 5.Anchor cable guiding cap (12) is installed on the steel strand (15) after bringing together, as Fig. 1,2.
Three, anchor cable body first sample is installed in the anchor cable hole, and guarantee in its explosive expansion that anchor head is positioned at spherical hollow space at the bottom of the hole, by lead detonate therebetween detonator (19) and explosive (18), joint-cutting steel pipe (17) stage casing is expanded to the lantern shape under detonation, and gauze wire cloth (20) expands with steel pipe.Steel pipe after the expansion (17) and gauze wire cloth (20) form one " lantern shape " skeleton, and steel strand are scattered in the enlarged footing in anchor cable hole under this skeleton supports.
Four, cement injection mortar in the anchor cable hole, forming with steel pipe (17), gauze wire cloth (20) and steel strand (15) in the bottom is that skeleton, cement mortar (14) are the interior anchor head structure of anchoring agent.
Five, after cement mortar grouting body (14) reached design strength, anchor pier (13) located to carry out the tensioning fixation of anchor cable outside, and carried out the sealing off and covering anchorage protection.
Claims (2)
1. anchor head prestress anchorage cable in the explosive expansion of reinforcing weak rock mass, it is characterized in that: comprise enlarged footing anchor cable hole, outer anchor pier and have the anchor cable body of anchor head in the explosive expansion, wherein anchor head is made of lantern shape steel frame and grouting body in the explosive expansion, and lantern shape steel frame then comprises joint-cutting steel pipe, the gauze wire cloth of from-inner-to-outer layer distributed and breaks steel hinge line.
2. the anchoring process of anchor head prestress anchorage cable in the explosive expansion of the weak rock mass of reinforcing as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1) in rock mass, is drilled with the anchor cable hole with rig, puts at the bottom of the hole explosive and ignition behind the pore-forming, make foot of hole form the spherical hollow space enlarged footing behind the clear hole;
2) in the steel pipe stage casing along axis direction even joint-cutting on tube wall, and explosive and electric cap are placed the center in steel pipe cross section by padded coaming, the stemming shutoff of explosive both sides, electric cap lead-in wire is drawn, is connected with lead in being through Grouting Pipe by the steel pipe afterbody;
3) the above step overlaps a tubular gauze wire cloth in the steel pipe periphery, and the one end is fixed on the steel pipe head for the basis;
4) the above step breaks the steel strand of anchor cable head, and is bound in outside steel pipe and the tubular gauze wire cloth with thin wire for the basis, makes steel strand be distributed in outer wall of steel pipe uniformly;
5) the above step is the basis, adopts anchor slab and intermediate plate that steel strand are brought together at the steel pipe head, excises unnecessary steel strand, and the anchor cable guiding cap is installed on the steel strand after bringing together, makes it form anchor head anchor cable first sample in explosive expansion;
6) anchor head anchor cable first sample in the explosive expansion is installed in the anchor cable hole, and guarantees in the explosive expansion of anchor cable first sample that the anchor head section is positioned at spherical hollow space at the bottom of the hole;
7) by lead detonator and the explosive in the anchor head first sample in the explosive expansion that detonate, the steel strand of make joint-cutting steel pipe, tubular gauze wire cloth, breaking expand under detonation and form one " lantern shape " skeleton;
8) perfusion anchoring agent in the anchor cable hole, forming with steel pipe, gauze wire cloth and steel strand in the bottom is anchor head structure in the lantern shape of skeleton;
9) after the grouting body reached design strength, the anchor pier place carried out the tensioning fixation of anchor cable outside, and carried out the sealing off and covering anchorage protection.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105729433A CN102002947B (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2010-12-06 | Explosion expanded internal anchor head prestressed anchor cable for strengthening weak rock and anchoring method thereof |
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| CN2010105729433A CN102002947B (en) | 2010-12-06 | 2010-12-06 | Explosion expanded internal anchor head prestressed anchor cable for strengthening weak rock and anchoring method thereof |
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| CN102002947B CN102002947B (en) | 2012-06-20 |
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| CN103132515B (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2015-07-22 | 兰州大学 | Calabash type anchor rod |
| CN103132515A (en) * | 2011-11-30 | 2013-06-05 | 兰州大学 | Calabash type anchor rod |
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| CN103321220B (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2015-09-02 | 深圳市工勘岩土工程有限公司 | Prestress anchorage cable method for stretching and device thereof |
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| CN103868793A (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 中国人民解放军总参谋部工程兵科研三所 | Post-tensioned prestressed steel band for large explosive wave simulator |
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