CN101989823A - 用于具有线性聚集的太阳能聚集器的太阳能接收器 - Google Patents

用于具有线性聚集的太阳能聚集器的太阳能接收器 Download PDF

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CN101989823A
CN101989823A CN2010102416210A CN201010241621A CN101989823A CN 101989823 A CN101989823 A CN 101989823A CN 2010102416210 A CN2010102416210 A CN 2010102416210A CN 201010241621 A CN201010241621 A CN 201010241621A CN 101989823 A CN101989823 A CN 101989823A
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A·巴尔博迪维纳迪奥
M·帕拉泽蒂
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于具有线性聚焦的太阳能聚集器的太阳能接收器。一种用于线性聚焦太阳能聚集器的太阳能接收器(26),包括:基底(28),其在平行于聚焦线(A)的方向上拉伸并且承载条状目标(34)的阵列,该条状目标(34)被布置成与所述聚焦线(A)正交并且设置成在与所述聚焦线(A)平行的方向上彼此相距一定距离;聚焦组件(40),包括被布置成将太阳辐射聚焦到所述条状目标(34)上的光学元件(44)的阵列,所述聚焦组件(40)在平行于所述聚焦线(A)的方向上相对于光伏接收器(26)的基底(28)移动;以及方位指向设备(58、60),其被设计成根据太阳的位置来相对于所述基底(28)移动所述聚焦组件(40)。

Description

用于具有线性聚焦的太阳能聚集器的太阳能接收器
技术领域
本发明通常涉及通过将太阳辐射聚集到光伏接收器或太阳能接收器上来产生能量。
在太阳能聚集系统中,期望获得高聚集的太阳能以增加太阳能聚集系统的效率和产量,并且在光伏系统的情况下降低光伏材料的量。
背景技术
为了增加太阳能聚集系统的效率,有必要根据天顶(zenithal)方向并根据方位方向二者来实施聚集器的指向(pointing)。文献No.WO2005/116534描述了一种太阳能聚集器,其包括可围绕水平轴旋转安装在支承结构上并且由第一电机驱动以改变它们的天顶角的一个或多个凹面镜,其中所述凹面镜将太阳辐射聚集在相对于该凹面镜固定的一个或多个接收器的方向上。该支承结构可以通过被设计成调节凹面镜的方位角的第二电机来围绕垂直轴定向。
在文献No.WO 2005/116534中所描述的解决方案受到各种缺点的影响。第一个缺点是可以获得的太阳能的聚集只取决于凹面镜的大小,并且为了获得高水平的聚集,必须使用大表面的镜。已知解决方案2005/116534的第二个缺点是为了改变方位定向,必须围绕垂直轴来转动发电机的支承结构。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种使得能够克服现有技术的问题的太阳能接收器。特别地,本发明的目的是提供一种在不需要额外增加聚集器表面的情况下使得能够获得高水平的太阳辐射聚集的太阳能接收器。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使得能够利用不需要垂直旋转聚集器的简单、紧密且廉价的系统进行太阳的方位跟踪的太阳能接收器。
根据本发明,上述目的由具有形成权利要求1的主题的特征的太阳能接收器来实现。
附图说明
现在将参考附图详细描述本发明,仅仅以非限制实例的方式来提供所述附图,并且在附图中:
图1是使用根据本发明的接收器的太阳能发电机的透视图;
图2是由图1中的箭头II指示的接收器的透视图;
图3是图2的接收器的分解透视图;
图4是根据图2的线IV-IV的横截面图;
图5是根据图4的线V-V的横截面图;以及
图6是由图1的箭头VI指示的部件的放大图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,由10指出使用根据本发明的太阳能接收器的高聚集太阳能发电机。该发电机10包括相对于固定式基底14固定的支承结构12。在图中所图示的实例中,支承结构12包括两个三角形的侧支承体,每一个都由向上会聚的两个腿16形成。腿16的底端被固定到基底14。每一对腿16的顶端被固定到相应的顶支承体18。然而,所图示的支承结构12的形状不是必须遵守的并且可以根据应用而改变。
支承结构12承载被设计成将太阳辐射聚集到聚焦线A的反射体20。在图中所图示的实例中,反射体20包括一个或多个具有反射表面22的镜,所述反射表面22成形成像抛物柱面。反射表面22的聚焦轴与聚焦线A重合。反射体20被固定到两个侧臂24,所述侧臂24围绕与聚焦轴A重合的旋转轴而铰接到基本结构12。该旋转轴由安置在顶支承体18中的轴承(未图示)限定。在图中所图示的实例中,与反射体20的旋转轴重合的聚焦轴A是水平的。
参考图1到图5,发电机10包括太阳能接收器26,其具有拉伸的形状并且平行于聚焦线A延伸。
参考图2和图3,接收器26包括拉伸的平行六面体形状的基底28,其具有两个彼此相对的主平面30、32。基底28被固定在支承反射体20的侧臂24之间。
条状目标(target)34的阵列应用于基底28的第一面30上。该目标34可以是被设计成将太阳辐射转换成电能的光伏元件,要么是被设计成将太阳辐射转换成热量的热吸收体。
目标34是薄平行六面体的形式并且被定向到与聚焦线A正交的方向。目标34被设置成在与聚焦线A平行的方向上彼此相距一定距离。相邻目标34之间的距离远大于每个目标34的宽度。
在基底38的第一面30上制造两个导轨36,所述导轨36与聚焦线A平行并且被布置在目标34的阵列的相对侧。
优选地,集热器38被应用于基底28的第二面32上。在目标是由光伏元件形成的情况下,集热器例如由带有翅片的主体构成,所述带有翅片的主体被设计成耗散由接收器26所产生的热量。在目标34是由热吸收体形成的情况下,集热器38由用于流过透热流体的管道形成。
太阳能接收器26包括聚焦组件40,其包括支承体42和多个光学元件44。在图中所图示的实例中,光学元件44由柱面透镜形成,可替换地,光学元件可以由镜形成。
支承体42具有在聚焦线A的方向上拉伸并且横截面基本上成U型的形状,所述支承体42具有被设置成彼此平行的两个侧壁46和底壁48。底壁48具有扁平的矩形形状的通口(through opening)50,在所述通口中安装有被布置成彼此接触的透镜44。
每个透镜44被设置成将太阳辐射聚集到相应的目标34上。透镜支承体42的侧壁46具有可滑动接合基底28的相应导轨36的导轨52。由于导轨36和52之间的接合,聚焦组件40在平行与聚焦线A的方向上相对于接收器26的基底28移动。在图2和图3中,透镜支承体42相对于基底28的移动方向由箭头B指示。
参考图1,发电机10包括天顶指向设备,其用于根据太阳的天顶角而改变反射体20的定向。天顶指向设备包括光电池传感器54,其相对于接收器26和反射体20而固定并且被设计成检测太阳的位置。例如光电池传感器54被固定到侧臂24之一。此外,该天顶指向设备包括电动机56,其根据来自传感器54的信号支配反射体20围绕轴A的旋转。该天顶指向设备54、56根据太阳的天顶方向定向该反射体20。
接收器26包括方位指向设备,其包括被设计成相对于接收器26的基底28移动聚焦组件40的致动器58。如图6所图示的那样,致动器58例如可以被设置在侧臂24之一和支承体42的对应前端之间。该致动器58由被设计成检测太阳的方位位置的传感器支配。所述传感器例如可以由在平行于聚焦线A的方向上布置在目标34的相对侧面上的两个光电二极管60构成(图5)。
如图5所示意性图示的那样,反射体20反射的太阳辐射被聚集到透镜44上。每个透镜44将太阳辐射聚焦到相应目标34上。致动器58根据来自光电二极管60的信号相对于接收器26的基底28移动支承体42,以使得由透镜44聚焦的辐射保持以目标34为中心。聚焦组件40相对于基底28的移动代替反射体20的方位定向。有可能通过控制聚焦组件40的移动来降低该聚焦组件40相对于基底28的行进,以便当每个透镜44的中心和对应目标34之间的距离超过预先设置的值时,以如下的方式移位聚焦组件40,即使得每个透镜44将太阳辐射聚焦到与先前所考虑的透镜44相关联的目标相邻的目标34上。
聚焦组件40实现相当大地提高太阳辐射聚集到目标34上的水平,这接着会实现获得高水平的效率。此外,聚焦组件40的轴向移动代替反射体20的方位定向,并且实现结构的简化和发电机10成本的降低。
此外,通过移动聚焦组件40而获得的方位跟踪实现了开发可用表面的改进。
与接收器相关联的太阳能聚集器将相对于先前已描述的内容形成主体的各种变形。例如作为对由能够围绕其自身的聚焦轴转动的抛物面镜形成的反射体20的代替,反射体20可以由以在国际专利申请No.PCT/IT2008/000539中所描述的类似的方式平行于聚聚焦线A布置的多个条状镜形成。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于线性聚焦太阳能聚集器的太阳能接收器(26),其特征在于所述太阳能接收器(26)包括:
-基底(28),其在平行于聚焦线(A)的方向上拉伸并且承载条状目标(34)的阵列,该条状目标(34)被布置成与所述聚焦线(A)正交并且设置成在与所述聚焦线(A)平行的方向上彼此相距一定距离;
-聚焦组件(40),其包括被布置成将太阳辐射聚焦到所述条状目标(34)上的光学元件(44)的阵列,所述聚焦组件(40)在平行于所述聚焦线(A)的方向上相对于光伏接收器(26)的基底(28)移动;以及
-方位指向设备(58、60),其被设计成根据太阳的位置来相对于所述基底(28)移动所述聚焦组件(40)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能接收器,其特征在于所述光学元件(44)的每一个都与相应的条状目标(34)相关联。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的太阳能接收器,其特征在于所述条状目标(34)被设置成在与所述聚焦线(A)平行的方向上彼此相距一定距离,所述距离远大于在所述方向上的每个条状目标(34)的宽度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能接收器,其特征在于所述方位指向设备包括至少两个光电检测器(60),其在平行于所述聚焦线(A)的方向上固定到接收器(26)的基底(28)、在条状目标(34)的相对侧面上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能接收器,其特征在于所述基底(28)具有拉伸的平行六面体形状,其中两个主面(30、32)被设置成彼此平行,在第一面(30)上固定有条状光伏目标(34),且在第二面(32)上固定有集热器(38)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能接收器,其特征在于所述聚焦组件(40)包括承载所述光学元件(44)并且通过导轨(36、52)可滑动耦合到所述基底(28)的支承体(42)。
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