The photovoltaic and photothermal solar system of rapid-loading heliostat and preparation thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of field of solar energy, relate to specifically the mechanism that solar energy is reflected in fixing point, also relate to the photovoltaic and photothermal solar system with this mechanism's preparation.
Background technology
In field of solar energy, photovoltaic, photo-thermal are two kinds of major ways of human use's solar energy, although distribution of solar energy is extensive, but the power density of solar energy is lower, the luminous power of a sun light intensity is about 1000 watts/square metre, for solar cell, work under this power density that some is wasted one's talent on a petty job, can bear sun light intensity more than 50 such as silicon solar cell; Simultaneously, there is the not high problem of reception light target utilance of unit are too in solar thermal utilization.So, solar energy converged just seem very important, wherein utilizing heliostat to carry out optically focused is exactly a kind of important mode.Existing heliostat is to determine the heliostat operational factor by calculating position of sun and relative installation, the accuracy of manufacture requires high, cost is higher, need powerful base station server to support, the Installation and Debugging more complicated, be unfavorable for site operation, particularly more aobvious cost is huge in the middle-size and small-size photo-thermal below 1MW, the photovoltaic project, thereby has restricted the development that Salar light-gathering is used.
Such as Chinese invention patent 200810213419.X, notification number CN101368764A, February 18 2009 day for announcing, denomination of invention is " a kind of solar furnace that adopts spin-elevation tracking mode ", this invention is to determine the heliostat operational factor by calculating position of sun and relative installation, and highlights the cancellation scheme of optically focused aberration.
Such as Chinese utility model patent 200420055112.9, notification number CN2760463Y, February 22 2006 day for announcing, denomination of invention is " sun light tracking sensor ", this utility model comprises rectangular box, A face photoinduction element, B face photoinduction element, C face photoinduction element, D face photoinduction element, optical attenuator, the Bearings tracking circuit, the elevation angle tracking circuit, azimuth conversion drive circuit and elevation angle conversion drive circuit, A face photoinduction element, B face photoinduction element, C face photoinduction element and D face photoinduction element are embedded on four sides of rectangular box successively, A face photoinduction element, B face photoinduction element, the outer surface of C face photoinduction element and D face photoinduction element is coated with optical attenuator, the output of the output of A face photoinduction element and C face photoinduction element is connected on two inputs of Bearings tracking circuit, on the input of the output connection orientation angular transformation drive circuit of Bearings tracking circuit, the output of the output of B face photoinduction element and D face photoinduction element is connected on two inputs of elevation angle tracking circuit, the output of elevation angle tracking circuit is connected on the input of elevation angle conversion drive circuit, this utility model is that transducer is met luminous energy and remained that the sun incides cell panel, but cell panel must be followed the change of sunray and move.
Also has a kind of light-proof sunlight tracking sensor, number be 200920088384.1 such as Chinese patent application, the applying date is on 01 22nd, 2009, denomination of invention is " light-proof sunlight tracking sensor ", at optical signal receiver shadow shield is set, optical signal receiver connects respectively elevation angle tracking circuit and Bearings tracking circuit, the elevation angle tracking circuit connects the elevation angle drive circuit, Bearings tracking circuit side connector parallactic angle drive circuit, optical signal receiver is comprised of photoinduction element and the outer box of printing opacity, at least establish three cavitys in the outer box of printing opacity, establish the frequency modulated light plate between cavity, be provided with photoinduction element in each cavity, photoinduction element connects respectively elevation angle tracking circuit and Bearings tracking circuit, the elevation angle tracking circuit connects the elevation angle drive circuit, Bearings tracking circuit side connector parallactic angle drive circuit, the intersection that light barrier intersects between cavity overlaps with the axis of the outer box of printing opacity, establish three cavitys in the outer box of printing opacity, establish four cavitys in the outer box of printing opacity, the outer box of printing opacity is divided into A by light barrier like this, B, C, four photosensitive areas of D, one photoinduction element is set in each photosensitive area, photoinduction element in the A photosensitive area and the output of the photoinduction element in the C photosensitive area are connected on the input of elevation angle tracking circuit, photoinduction element in the B photosensitive area and the output of the photoinduction element in the D photosensitive area are connected on the input of Bearings tracking circuit, described photoinduction element is photo resistance, this utility model is that the transducer sun that can remain backlight incides on the cell panel, also exists cell panel must follow the change of sunray and move.This cell panel moves along with the change of sunray, use inconvenient, when cell panel is large cell panel move dumb, thereby the reception that affects light has influence on energy output.Up to the present also can allow cell panel motionless without any a kind of mechanism, and make sunray impinge upon all the time the mechanism of cell panel.And up to the present solar energy is more single in the application of family, and using many is solar water heater, secondly is solar energy photovoltaic system.By market survey, can solve the also example of practical application useless of product that household solar energy uses more comprehensively, existing solar energy system can not reach people's requirement and expection on function, and the solar energy interest rate is low, cost is higher.Therefore the solar energy composite application system slowly can't be popularized in an all-round way.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is to overcome the photovoltaic and photothermal solar system that above-mentioned deficiency provides a kind of rapid-loading heliostat and preparation thereof, the target bar of rapid-loading heliostat is fixed, make the target bar point to cell panel, just can reflex on the cell panel sunray is comprehensive, solar collection rate is high.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of rapid-loading heliostat, comprise reflector, reflector is fixed on the swinging mounting of the elevation angle, elevation angle swinging mounting is connected with the rotating seat bearing, be provided with the first motor at rotating seat, driving wheel on the first motor output shaft is meshed with the first gear on the support, rotating seat is fixed on the second gear on the pedestal, the second gear is installed on the pillar of pedestal by bearing, be provided with the second motor at pillar, driving wheel on the second motor output shaft and the engagement of the second gear, the axle that steady pin passes the second gear and bearing is fixed on the pillar, the subangle rotating turret passes reflector and is fixed on the steady pin, the subangle rotating turret comprises locating piece, the normal guide rod, target bar and incident bar, target bar lower end is provided with semi-circular bracket, the semi-circular bracket of target bar lower end and locating piece are hinged and locking mechanism is set, at target bar cover lower pivoted housing and upper pivoted housing are arranged, normal guide rod and incident bar are all hinged with lower pivoted housing, be socketed with top shoe and sliding block on the normal guide rod, top shoe on one end of left index lever and the hinged other end of incident bar and the normal guide rod is hinged, the hinged other end of upper pivoted housing and the top shoe on the normal guide rod of one end of right index lever and target bar are hinged, be fixed with slide on the sliding block of normal guide rod, slide stretches in the chute of reflector, end at incident bar is provided with sunlight tracking sensor, sunlight tracking sensor respectively with the first motor be connected motor and be connected.
Above-mentioned rapid-loading heliostat, described reflector is level crossing.
Above-mentioned rapid-loading heliostat, described motor are servomotor or reducing motor.
Above-mentioned rapid-loading heliostat is provided with arc groove at locating piece, and described locking mechanism is to be provided with locked screw at the corresponding locating piece of arc groove.
Above-mentioned rapid-loading heliostat, the axis of described sunlight tracking sensor is parallel with incident bar, and the reverberation micro-adjusting mechanism is parallel with the target bar.
A kind of photovoltaic and photothermal solar system with the rapid-loading heliostat preparation, comprise cell panel and reflector, described reflector is that at least two reflectors consist of the reflector array, and each reflector is rapid-loading heliostat in the array, and the target bar of each rapid-loading heliostat points to cell panel 28.
Above-mentioned photovoltaic and photothermal solar system with the rapid-loading heliostat preparation, do not block sunlight between adjacent two reflecting plates, not blocking here is not sun shield not when rising, but do not block sunlight between two reflecting plates when sun emersion ground level certain angle.
The photovoltaic and photothermal solar system of above-mentioned rapid-loading heliostat preparation, described cell panel is connected with the solar energy power generating controller, cell panel one side backlight arranges heat collection water tank, be provided with water inlet and delivery port at heat collection water tank, the cell panel shady face is a tank wall of heat collection water tank, the cell panel shady face is installed on the tank wall of heat collection water tank, the material of the heat collection water tank tank wall that directly contacts with the cell panel shady face is Heat Conduction Material, under the cell panel shady face, also be provided with heat-conducting insulated film, outside at heat collection water tank is provided with heat-insulation layer, the solar energy power generating controller connects respectively storage battery and supplying power for outside interface, and the supplying power for outside interface can arrange a plurality of as required.
The photovoltaic and photothermal solar system of above-mentioned rapid-loading heliostat preparation, heat collection water tank or hot water storage tank are connected with the absorption refrigeration unit, and this absorption refrigeration unit can be any hot water operated absorption refrigerating machine's group of energy usefulness on the market.
Light target is the general name of photovoltaic battery panel and heat collection water tank integrated apparatus, and light target is placed, as long as make the target bar of rapid-loading heliostat point to the light target center, just can reflex on the cell panel sunray is comprehensive, and solar collection rate is high.Use light target of the present invention to move, each rapid-loading heliostat reflexes to sunlight on the light target automatically, just can realize that sunray is comprehensive to reflex on the cell panel.Like this each light that is radiated at rapid-loading heliostat by the light reflection of reflecting plate to light target, because the existence of rapid-loading heliostat, all light all are reflected on the light target, so just be equivalent to sunlight is gathered on the light target, greatly improved the collection rate of sunlight, improved the energy output of cell panel, also improved the heat-collecting capacity of heat collection water tank, realized that solar energy power generating and thermal-arrest are integrated, killed two birds with one stone, generating, thermal-arrest are neglected neither.
Analyze simultaneously and find that power structure is similar with photovoltaic system solar energy transferring structure, find the comprehensive solution of " with the light power transformation; with the refrigeration heat heating ", thereby design the photovoltaic and photothermal solar system of more economical rapid-loading heliostat and preparation thereof, it is the important component part of photovoltaic, photo-thermal and refrigeration comprehensive application system, the present invention uses the cost that has reduced Application of Solar Energy by solar energy composite, be particularly suitable for family and apply.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of rapid-loading heliostat of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 locating piece structure for amplifying schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 A-A cutaway view;
Fig. 4 is that link is connected vertical view with reflector on the normal guide rod of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is link structural representation on the normal guide rod of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 7 is the photovoltaic and photothermal solar system configuration schematic diagram with the rapid-loading heliostat preparation;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of cell panel of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the photovoltaic circuit block diagram of cell panel of the present invention;
Figure 10 is thermal-arrest of the present invention, accumulation of heat and refrigerating system connection diagram.
Embodiment
Such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and a kind of rapid-loading heliostat shown in Figure 6, comprise reflector 7, reflector 7 is fixed on the elevation angle swinging mounting 6, elevation angle swinging mounting 6 is connected with rotating seat 5 bearings, be provided with the first motor 19 at rotating seat 5, driving wheel on the first motor 19 is meshed with the first gear 18 on the support, rotating seat 5 is fixed on the second gear 4 on the pedestal 1, the second gear 4 is installed on the pillar 2 of pedestal by bearing, be provided with the second motor 3 at pillar 2, the driving wheel of the second motor 3 and the engagement of the second gear, the axle that steady pin 22 passes the second gear and bearing is fixed on the pillar 2, the subangle rotating turret passes reflector 7 and is fixed on the steady pin 22, the subangle rotating turret comprises locating piece 8, normal guide rod 13, target bar 9 and incident bar 17, target bar 9 lower ends are provided with semi-circular bracket 23, be provided with arc groove 24 at locating piece, the semi-circular bracket 23 of target bar lower end is stuck in the arc groove 24 on the locating piece, at target bar 9 covers lower pivoted housing 20 and upper pivoted housing 11 are arranged, normal guide rod 13 and incident bar 17 are all hinged with lower pivoted housing 20, be socketed with top shoe 12 and sliding block 21 on the normal guide rod 13, top shoe 12 on one end of left index lever 15 and the incident bar 17 hinged other ends and the normal guide rod is hinged, top shoe 12 on one end of right index lever 14 and the upper pivoted housing of the target bar 9 11 hinged other ends and the normal guide rod is hinged, be fixed with link 25 on the sliding block 21 of normal guide rod, link 25 is stuck in the chute 26 of reflector 7, be stuck in link 25 in the reflector chute 26 can be in chute small amplitude slip, be provided with sunlight tracking sensor 16 in the end of incident bar 17, sunlight tracking sensor 16 respectively with the first motor be connected motor and be connected, described reflecting plate is level crossing, described motor is servomotor or reducing motor, be provided with screw 27 at locating piece, the axis of described sunlight tracking sensor 16 is parallel with incident bar.When sunlight tracking sensor 16 experience the sunlight direction that incides on the reflector not to the time, transducer just sends signal, make reducing motor work, reflecting plate drives 13 motions of normal guide rod, effect by four connecting rods, make sunlight tracking sensor 16 aim at sunlight, sensor signal stops, sunlight tracking sensor is parallel with incident bar with regard to the incident ray of controlling all the time sunlight like this, because the subangle effect of four connecting rods, make incidence angle equal all the time angle of reflection, thereby guaranteed that sunlight reflexes to the light target that target bar 9 points to, and is used for the angle of meticulous accommodation reflex light.
The used motor of the present invention can also be servomotor, also can be other reducing motors.
Sunlight tracking sensor of the present invention can be used patent 200420055112.9 described sunlight tracking sensors, can also use the light-proof sunlight tracking sensor of patent 200820088384.1, the perhaps sunlight tracking sensor of other models can both be realized the purpose of tracks sunlight of the present invention.
The present invention can also arrange micro-adjusting mechanism 10 at the target bar, and micro-adjusting mechanism 10 can be any light directional micro-change device of energy usefulness on the market.
Reflecting plate of the present invention can also be the plane reflector that other can be reflective.
Such as Fig. 7, Fig. 8 and a kind of photovoltaic and photothermal solar system with the rapid-loading heliostat preparation shown in Figure 9, comprise light target and reflector, light target is fixed on the light target support 34, described reflector is that at least two reflectors consist of the reflector array, each reflector is rapid-loading heliostat in the array, the target bar 9 of each rapid-loading heliostat points to cell panel 28, also be provided with glass plate 32 in the cell panel outside, do not block sunlight between adjacent two reflecting plates, not blocking here is not sun shield not when rising, when sun emersion ground level certain angle, not block sunlight between two reflecting plates, described cell panel 28 is connected with the solar energy power generating controller, cell panel one side backlight arranges heat collection water tank 29, be provided with water inlet 30 and delivery port 31 at heat collection water tank 29, the cell panel shady face is a tank wall of heat collection water tank, the cell panel shady face is installed on the tank wall of heat collection water tank, the material of the heat collection water tank tank wall that directly contacts with the cell panel shady face is Heat Conduction Material, under the cell panel shady face, also be provided with heat-conducting insulated film 32, be provided with heat-insulation layer 33 in the outside of heat collection water tank, the solar energy power generating controller connects respectively storage battery and supplying power for outside interface, the supplying power for outside interface can arrange a plurality of as required, be provided with water inlet 31 and delivery port 32 at heat collection water tank 29, the silicon solar photovoltaic battery panel receives luminous energy, 15% is converted into electric energy, 80% is converted into heat energy, loss 5%, the photovoltaic battery panel back side installs heat collection water tank additional, heat collection water tank with heat absorption and unloading in hot water storage tank, heat collection water tank and hot water storage tank outside all are added with heat-insulation layer, so just the thermal energy storage of solar energy is got up, can be used for family and have a bath, wash dish, the family expenses such as cook.
On the other hand the cell panel shady face is installed on the heat collection water tank, the transfer of heat that produces in the solar panel power generation process that is to say that to heat collection water tank heat collection water tank plays cooling effect to cell panel.Solar panel or solar panel group are that cell panel or cell plate group are connected with the solar energy power generating controller, the solar energy power generating controller connects outer power supply interface, can power for household electrical appliance, the solar energy power generating controller is connected with storage battery, when the electric weight of solar panel is had a surplus when family is no or when using, the solar energy power generating controller can deposit unnecessary electricity in storage battery, also can be transported on the electrical network by the grid type inverter.
The photovoltaic and photothermal solar system of rapid-loading heliostat preparation as shown in figure 10, heat collection water tank or hot water storage tank are connected with the absorption refrigeration unit, and this absorption refrigeration unit can be any hot water operated absorption refrigerating machine's group of energy usefulness on the market.
Operation principle of the present invention:
The operation principle of rapid-loading heliostat, photovoltaic battery panel is placed, during use, regulate target bar 9 and point to the light target center, then tightening screw 27 is fixed on the subangle rotating turret on the pedestal, such incident bar, left index lever, right index lever and normal guide rod move around the target bar by the lower pivoted housing on the target bar, when sunlight tracking sensor receives sunlight signal controlling the first motor and the second electric machine rotation, motionless owing to the target bar when the first motor and the second electric machine rotation, the link 25 that is stuck in the reflector chute 26 rotates along with the reflector work is corresponding, link drives the motion of normal guide rod, the normal guide rod drives incident bar, left index lever, right index lever rotates around the target bar simultaneously, thereby realization sunshine tracking, incidence angle equals angle of reflection, like this each light that is radiated at rapid-loading heliostat by the light reflection of reflecting plate to light target, because the existence of rapid-loading heliostat, all light are reflected on the light target in all directions, sunlight is reflexed on the light target by a plurality of heliostats like this, greatly improved the sunlight power density of light target, generated output and collector power all are greatly improved.