CN101984480A - Biological teaching apparatus - Google Patents
Biological teaching apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101984480A CN101984480A CN 201010511141 CN201010511141A CN101984480A CN 101984480 A CN101984480 A CN 101984480A CN 201010511141 CN201010511141 CN 201010511141 CN 201010511141 A CN201010511141 A CN 201010511141A CN 101984480 A CN101984480 A CN 101984480A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a biological teaching apparatus. The biological teaching apparatus comprises a temperature control system, an ultraviolet excitation system and an observation system, wherein the temperature control system consists of a heating device, a cooling device and a temperature display and control device; the ultraviolet excitation system consists of a ultraviolet lamp and a ultraviolet lamp control panel; and the observation system consists of an observation window, a camera and a data processing and display device. When the apparatus operates, the temperature control system controls the temperature of a DNA sample, the ultraviolet excitation system excites the single-stranded DNA and the double stranded DNA in the DNA sample with different wavelengths or intensities of fluorescences respectively, wherein the fluorescence intensity changes with the content of DNA; and the observation system collects, processes and shows the wavelengths and intensities of the fluorescences. The biological teaching apparatus is suitable for biological teaching in schools, in particular for the biological teaching in middle schools.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to education demonstration equipment field, particularly relate to the instrument that utilizes biology and optical devices to make the DNA-PCR process visualization.
Background technology
DNA is the inhereditary material of biosome, by it the proterties of previous generation is showed the next generation.The macromolecular compound that dna molecular is made up of four kinds of deoxynucleotides, its base unit is a deoxynucleotide.Dna molecular is made up of two long-chains that are polymerized by a lot of deoxynucleotides.These two chains spiral into double-spiral structure by antiparallel mode.The dna double spiral stable by complementary base between hydrogen bond and the accumulation force of base-pair interlayer maintain, screw diameter has only 2nm, pitch 3.4nm.The double helix of dna molecular (as heating, the pH that changes solution, adding organic reagent etc.) under the influence of external effect can be untied becomes strand, is called sex change.The DNA of sex change is as long as eliminate the sex change condition, and two all right recombination of complementary strand are recovered original double-spiral structure, are called renaturation.In the dna molecular between base the interaction of electronics dna molecular is had absorb the characteristic of 260nm wavelength ultraviolet light.Base is hidden into the inboard in the dna double helical structure, and the dna double spiral is untied during sex change, so base exposes, the interaction of electronics more helps uv absorption in the base.Usually, can utilize the variation of wavelength 260nm place, DNA sex change front and back uv absorption to follow the trail of degenerative process.But say from birth for the middle school, explain that with the variation of uv absorption the sex change of DNA and renaturation are more abstract, be not easy to understand; And need to buy special visible-uv analyzer for school, the costliness of price comparison, and operation more complicated are difficult to grasp for middle school student.
The principle of PCR (being called for short PCR) is similar to the natural reproduction process of DNA.PCR is by sex change--annealing--extends three fundamental reaction steps formations: the 1. sex change of template DNA: template DNA makes the template DNA two strands make it to become strand after being heated to 93 ℃ of left and right sides certain hours, so that it combines with primer, for the lower whorl reaction is prepared; 2. the annealing (renaturation) of template DNA and primer: template DNA is after heat denatured becomes strand, and temperature is reduced to about 55 ℃, and primer combines with the complementary series pairing of template DNA strand; 3. the extension of primer: dna profiling--primer bond is a reaction raw materials with dNTP under the effect of TaqDNA polymerase, and target sequence is a template, by base pairing and semi-conservative replication principle, synthesizes new and the semi-conservative replication chain complementation of template DNA chain.Three processes are extended in repetitive cycling sex change--annealing--, just can obtain more " semi-conservative replication chain ", and this new chain can become next round-robin template again.Whenever finish a circulation and need 2～4 minutes, just can will wait to expand the genes of interest amplification and amplify millions of times in 2～3 hours.
At present, still do not have a kind ofly not only can carry out pcr amplification but also can make the bibliographical information of the visual instruments used for education that this process can intuitively observe to DNA.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides a kind of Biology Teaching instrument, with the blank on the instruments used for education of filling up content such as relative dna structure and variation and PCR reaction principle in the present Biology Teaching.
Technical scheme
The invention provides a kind of novel Biology Teaching instrument, can be called DNA-PCR process observation instrument.This instrument not only can be used for DNA is carried out pcr amplification, more can be with the PCR process visualization, for the middle school Biology Teaching provides a kind of mode that more gets information about DNA and PCR reaction.Its principle is: some fluorescence indicator can combine with double-stranded DNA, can send the fluorescence of particular color under the exciting of the uviol lamp of specific wavelength; And sex change just can take place when double-stranded DNA is heated to 90 ℃-95 ℃, and becoming single stranded DNA, the color relation of fluorescence can change or disappear this moment.Judge two strands and the single-stranded structure of DNA and PCR process visualization intuitively by the variation of observing fluorescence color.Along with the carrying out of PCR process, the amount of DNA constantly increases, and fluorescence indicator fluorescence intensity under the irradiation of uviol lamp can significantly be strengthened.
First aspect of the present invention provides a kind of Biology Teaching instrument, is made up of temperature control system, burst of ultraviolel system and observing system; Wherein, described temperature control system by heating arrangement, cooling device, and temperature shows and control device is formed; Described burst of ultraviolel system is made up of uviol lamp and uviol lamp control panel; Described observing system is made up of watch window, camera and data processing and display device; When described instrument is worked, temperature by described temperature control system control DNA sample, single stranded DNA in the described DNA sample and double-stranded DNA are excited the fluorescence of different wave length or varying strength respectively by described burst of ultraviolel system, and its corresponding fluorescence intensity of content with DNA also changes, and by observing system wavelength of fluorescence and fluorescence intensity is gathered, is handled and show.
Second aspect of the present invention provides the visual application in the PCR of above-mentioned Biology Teaching instrument, comprises the steps:
(1) the DNA sample that will comprise strand or double-stranded DNA template, amplimer, four kinds of deoxynucleotides, hot resistant DNA polymerase and described fluorescence indicators places described temperature control system;
(2) by described temperature control system with at least 10 seconds of insulation respectively under the described DNA sample three kinds of steady temperatures in three kinds of temperature ranges of 85 ℃ to 100 ℃, 40 ℃ to 70 ℃ and 60 ℃ to 84 ℃ successively;
(3) utilize described temperature control system that described DNA sample is incubated at least 23 circulations according to the described three kinds of steady temperatures circulation of step (2);
(4) when carry out step (2) and (3), by described burst of ultraviolel system to described DNA sample emission ultraviolet light;
(5) when step (4) is carried out, wavelength of fluorescence and fluorescence intensity are gathered, handled and show by described observing system.
DNA-PCR process observation instrument integral body of the present invention can be divided into temperature control system, observing system and burst of ultraviolel system three parts.
Wherein, temperature control system is made up of heating arrangement, temperature demonstration and control device, cooling device.Specifically comprise following components:
(1) heating arrangement
This device has in 90 seconds and the temperature of 1 ml pure water to be elevated to 100 ℃ heating efficiency by room temperature.Can be apace the temperature of DNA sample solution be elevated to 100 ℃, and just near the sample local temperature raise, little to temperature effect whole in the whole instrument.When temperature was elevated to 90-95 ℃, the DNA generation sex change of can unwinding became the DNA of strand.
(2) cooling device
This cooling device has in 120 seconds temperature with 1 ml pure water by 100 ℃ of cooling poweies that are reduced to 30 ℃.Can apace temperature be reduced to dna double chain annealing temperature, for example, 55 ℃.When temperature was reduced to 55 ℃, template single stranded DNA and primer combined.
After the annealing of dna double chain is finished, under the effect of heating arrangement, the temperature of system will rise to the catalytic temperature of described hot resistant DNA polymerase again, for example, and 72 ℃.Under this temperature, dna profiling--primer bond is a raw material with four kinds of deoxynucleotides, duplicates.
In a kind of embodiment of Biology Teaching instrument of the present invention, contain fluorescence indicator in the described DNA sample solution.Described fluorescence indicator is selected from ethidium bromide.
(3) temperature shows and control device
This device comprises temperature indicator and time display.
1) temperature indicator: by thermal sensor heating arrangement and temperature indicator are connected, measurement range can be from-50 ℃ to 150 ℃.In this scope, can the temperature that will reach be provided with, and the temperature that can observation sample solution reality be reached.When temperature is elevated to 90-95 ℃, the DNA generation sex change of can unwinding.
2) time display: can the time of insulation and cooling be provided with.When temperature reaches needed temperature, need keep the regular hour in this temperature.After temperature retention time, system begins to cool down, and this temperature indicator also can be provided with the time of cooling, falls too lowly with the temperature that prevents system.So heating, cooling can repeatedly circulate a similar PCR instrument.
In a kind of embodiment of above-mentioned Biology Teaching instrument, described heating arrangement and described cooling device show by described temperature and the control of control device, makes the maintenance on the arbitrary temperature between the room temperature to 100 ℃ of described DNA sample constant.
In a kind of preferred implementation of above-mentioned Biology Teaching instrument, described temperature control system provides in three kinds of scopes that three kinds of steady temperatures are in 85 ℃ to 100 ℃, 40 ℃ to 70 ℃ and 60 ℃ to 84 ℃ respectively at least.
Observing system of the present invention comprises watch window, camera and three parts of computer monitor.Specifically can comprise as the lower part:
1) watch window: by this window, can be directly under uviol lamp to before heating and the color of the sample solution after the heating observe.
2) camera: camera bellows and computer can be coupled together by an imagination head.This camera can be monitored in real time to the situation in the lamp box, the camera rotation of can focusing automatically.
3) data processing and display device: data processing of the present invention and display device are selected from the computer of display screen, digital camera or band display screen.Based on cost consideration, preferred display screen, directly the image that camera is taked shows.Consider based on time preservation and processing, can be preferably with the computer of display screen, the phenomenon that camera is noted shows on display, and carries out the linearity mapping as required, so that Real Time Observation PCR reaction process and the saturated period of judgement reaction.
Burst of ultraviolel of the present invention system comprises uviol lamp control panel and two parts of uviol lamp, and double-stranded DNA and single stranded DNA combine the fluorescence that can send different colours with fluorescence indicator under the exciting of uviol lamp.
1) uviol lamp: the fluorescent tube kind includes but not limited to the fluorescent tube of 254nm and 365nm wavelength, to adapt to different fluorescence indicators.Power of lamp tube can be 12W, also can change uviol lamp according to actual needs.
2) uviol lamp control panel: can different types of fluorescent tube such as at least two kinds of fluorescent tubes (254nm and 365nm wavelength) that are provided with simultaneously, be carried out selectively unlocking and close by this control panel.
Beneficial effect
Instruments used for education provided by the invention not only can carry out pcr amplification but also can make this process demonstrate out intuitively, and are easy to recorded and stored DNA.The real-time quantitative that period when described instruments used for education are can also be by assaying reaction saturated is carried out DNA sample particular sequence detects.
In this manual, unless have other the explanation, each optimal technical scheme and more preferably the technical characterictic of technical scheme can be combined to form new technical scheme mutually.For concise and to the point purpose, the applicant has omitted the specific descriptions of these combinations in instructions, yet the technical scheme after all these technical characterictic combinations all should be considered to be recorded in this instructions so that clear and definite mode is written.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 DNA-PCR process observation instrument synoptic diagram:
1. time display; 2. sample stage; 3. heating platform; 4. temperature indicator; 5. heater switch; 6. uviol lamp control panel; 7. power interface; 8. computer monitor; 9. uviol lamp; 10. camera;
Watch window
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
The experimental technique of unreceipted actual conditions in the following example, usually according to normal condition, as the molecular biology operation manual, or the condition of being advised according to hot resistant DNA polymerase manufacturer.
Embodiment 1: the experiment of demonstration DNA sex change and renaturation
Add fluorescence indicator ethidium bromide (EB) in the dna solution, under the irradiation of 254nm uviol lamp, on computer monitor, can clearly observe peach fluorescence, when this dna solution is heated to 93 ℃ and be incubated 1-2min and can be observed fluorescence and disappear.After the temperature retention time, system begins to cool down, and solution returns to original peach fluorescence again when cool to room temperature.By DNA-PCR process observation instrument of the present invention, it is consistent that the user has observed the principle of being set forth in phenomenon and the document among this embodiment: EB combines with double-stranded DNA can produce peach fluorescence, and combination can not produce fluorescence with single stranded DNA, thereby plays the effect of dna double helical structure teaching demonstration.
Embodiment 2: the experiment of demonstration PCR process
Be placed on the heating arrangement after will containing the sample of template DNA and the needed a pair of primer of PCR, four kinds of dNTP raw materials, Taq archaeal dna polymerase and other required reagent mix.Open DNA-PCR process observation instrument, on the temperature indicator at first the needed temperature of system be set to 93 ℃, system temperature just can rise to 93 ℃ under the effect of heating arrangement in 90 seconds, the DNA sex change becomes strand under this temperature, and it is 3min that temperature retention time is set on the time display; Temperature after the temperature retention time on the temperature indicator is set to 55 ℃, and system will lower the temperature rapidly within 1min under the effect of cooling device, single stranded DNA and primer combination under this temperature, and it is 1min that temperature fall time is set; Temperature fall time can temperature be set to 72 ℃ again later, and under this temperature, dna profiling--primer bond is a raw material with four kinds of deoxynucleotides, duplicates.So carry out 23-35 circulation, obtain up to a million times double-stranded DNA.By DNA-PCR process observation instrument of the present invention, it is consistent that the user has observed the principle of being set forth in phenomenon and the document among this embodiment, the process that is PCR increases the DNA of trace, obtain the double-stranded DNA of enough detection limits by continuous circulation, thereby play the effect of PCR process teaching demonstration.
Embodiment 3: the application experiment of demonstration fluorescence indicator ethidium bromide in the DNA--PCR process
The fluorescence indicator ethidium bromide that in the DNA sample solution, adds 1/100 (W/W), the color and the intensity of this DNA sample solution initial fluorescence of observation under uviol lamp.According to the process of embodiment 2, after PCR carries out each circulation in the process, observe the color and the intensity of a real-time fluorescence and note down.The color of observing fluorescence from front and back twice the contrast do not change (being redness); And intensity of fluorescence increases progressively the number percent enhancing that circulates one by one with about 50%-60%.By DNA-PCR process observation instrument, it is that double-stranded DNA combines the enhancing and the fluorescence signal intensity that produces circulates one by one that the user has observed fluorescence indicator ethidium bromide and PCR product, indicator knowledge PCR carry out the process of double center chain DNA product accumulation, thereby play the effect of the teaching demonstration of fluorescence indicator effect.
Claims (10)
1. a Biology Teaching instrument is made up of temperature control system, burst of ultraviolel system and observing system; Wherein, described temperature control system by heating arrangement, cooling device, and temperature shows and control device is formed; Described burst of ultraviolel system is made up of uviol lamp and uviol lamp control panel; Described observing system is made up of watch window, camera and data processing and display device; When described instrument is worked, temperature by described temperature control system control DNA sample, single stranded DNA in the described DNA sample and double-stranded DNA are excited the fluorescence of different wave length or varying strength respectively by described burst of ultraviolel system, and its corresponding fluorescence intensity of content with DNA also changes, and by observing system wavelength of fluorescence and fluorescence intensity is gathered, is handled and show.
2. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described heating arrangement has in 90 seconds and the temperature of 1 ml pure water to be elevated to 100 ℃ heating efficiency by room temperature.
3. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cooling device has in 120 seconds temperature with 1 ml pure water by 100 ℃ of cooling poweies that are reduced to 30 ℃.
4. according to the described Biology Teaching instrument of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described heating arrangement and described cooling device show by described temperature and the control of control device, makes the maintenance on the arbitrary temperature between the room temperature to 100 ℃ of described DNA sample constant.
5. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described temperature control system provides in three kinds of scopes that three kinds of steady temperatures are in 85 ℃ to 100 ℃, 40 ℃ to 70 ℃ and 60 ℃ to 84 ℃ respectively at least.
6. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, contains fluorescence indicator in the described DNA sample.
7. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described fluorescence indicator is an ethidium bromide.
8. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described data processing and display device are selected from the computer of display screen, digital camera or band display screen.
9. Biology Teaching instrument according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the ultraviolet light operation wavelength that described burst of ultraviolel system produces is 254nm and 365nm.
10. the application of the described Biology Teaching instrument of claim 1 in the PCR is visual comprises the steps:
(1) the DNA demonstration sample that will comprise strand or double-stranded DNA template, amplimer, four kinds of deoxynucleotides, hot resistant DNA polymerase and described fluorescence indicators places described temperature control system;
(2) by described temperature control system with at least 10 seconds of insulation respectively under the described DNA demonstration sample three kinds of steady temperatures in three kinds of temperature ranges of 85 ℃ to 100 ℃, 40 ℃ to 70 ℃ and 60 ℃ to 84 ℃ successively;
(3) utilize described temperature control system that described DNA demonstration sample is incubated at least 23 circulations according to the described three kinds of steady temperatures circulation of step (2);
(4) when carry out step (2) and (3), by described burst of ultraviolel system to described DNA demonstration sample emission ultraviolet light;
(5) when step (4) is carried out, wavelength of fluorescence and fluorescence intensity are gathered, handled and show by described observing system.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010105111411A CN101984480B (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Biological teaching apparatus |
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| CN2010105111411A CN101984480B (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2010-10-19 | Biological teaching apparatus |
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| CN101984480B CN101984480B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105390057A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-09 | 上海安逆杰信息技术有限公司 | Ecological exploration observation box |
| CN106205295A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 芜湖市科源教学设备有限公司 | A kind of bioconversion medium specimen storage demonstration instrument is put |
| CN106816062A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-06-09 | 合肥探奥自动化有限公司 | A kind of interactive device for showing genetic code |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6652285B1 (en) * | 1998-11-11 | 2003-11-25 | Jarle Breivik | System which can reversibly reproduce itself |
| CN2847417Y (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-12-13 | 潮州凯普生物仪器有限公司 | DNA tester for teaching |
| CN101025866A (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-08-29 | 夏晓凯 | Demonstrating model for medical teaching and its use method |
-
2010
- 2010-10-19 CN CN2010105111411A patent/CN101984480B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6652285B1 (en) * | 1998-11-11 | 2003-11-25 | Jarle Breivik | System which can reversibly reproduce itself |
| CN2847417Y (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-12-13 | 潮州凯普生物仪器有限公司 | DNA tester for teaching |
| CN101025866A (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-08-29 | 夏晓凯 | Demonstrating model for medical teaching and its use method |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105390057A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-03-09 | 上海安逆杰信息技术有限公司 | Ecological exploration observation box |
| CN106205295A (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-12-07 | 芜湖市科源教学设备有限公司 | A kind of bioconversion medium specimen storage demonstration instrument is put |
| CN106816062A (en) * | 2017-04-11 | 2017-06-09 | 合肥探奥自动化有限公司 | A kind of interactive device for showing genetic code |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101984480B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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