CN101983380B - 文档的同步协作审阅 - Google Patents
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Abstract
文档同时被不同客户机打开以供对该文档的协作审阅。客户机中的每一个可以在编辑文档的同时对文档做出评论。一个客户机对文档做出的评论被自动地与同时正访问该文档的其他客户机同步。
Description
背景
在文字处理文档的开发中使用协作审阅过程是常见的。在一种情形下,用户创作文档并随后将该文档的副本用电子邮件发送给各审阅者。这些审阅者随后对该文档的独立副本做出评论。一旦每一审阅者完成了审阅过程,他们将该文档的已评论版本发送回给作者。作者随后将这些评论“合并”到单个文档中。作者可能需要通过将改变重新发送给审阅者来解决冲突评论。
概述
提供本概述是为了以简化的形式介绍将在以下详细描述中进一步描述的一些概念。本发明内容不旨在标识所要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征,也不旨在用于帮助确定所要求保护的主题的范围。
文档同时被不同客户机打开以供对该文档进行协作审阅。客户机中的每一个可同时对文档做出评论。一个客户机对文档做出的评论自动地与同时正访问该文档的其他客户机同步。
附图简述
图1示出了示例性计算设备;
图2示出了协作审阅系统;
图3示出了带有相关联的评论的示例性文档;以及
图4示出了用于协作审阅文档的说明性过程。
详细描述
现将参考其中相同的标号代表相似的元素的附图来描述各实施例。具体地,图1和相应的讨论旨在提供对在其中可以实现各实施例的合适计算环境的简要、概括描述。
一般而言,程序模块包括执行特定任务或实现特定抽象数据类型的例程、程序、组件、数据结构和其他类型的结构。也可使用其它计算机系统配置,包括手持式设备、多处理器系统、基于微处理器或可编程消费电子产品、小型计算机、大型计算机等等。也可使用在其中任务由通过通信网络链接的远程处理设备执行的分布式计算环境。在分布式计算环境中,程序模块可以位于本地和远程存储器存储设备中。
现在参考图1,将描述在各实施例中利用的计算机100的说明性计算机体系结构。图1所示的计算机体系结构可被配置为台式或移动计算机,并且包括中央处理单元5(“CPU”)、包括随机存取存储器9(“RAM”)和只读存储器(“ROM”)10的系统存储器7、以及将存储器耦合至中央处理单元(“CPU”)5的系统总线12。
基本输入/输出系统存储在ROM 10中,它包含帮助在诸如启动期间在计算机内元件之间传递信息的基本例程。计算机100还包括用于存储操作系统16、应用程序24、其它程序模块25和协作审阅管理器26的大容量存储设备14,这将在以下更为详尽地描述。
大容量存储设备14通过连接至总线12的大容量存储控制器(未示出)连接到CPU 5。大容量存储设备14及其相关联的计算机可读介质为计算机100提供非易失性存储。虽然此处包含的计算机可读介质的描述针对诸如硬盘或CD-ROM驱动器等大容量存储设备,但是计算机可读介质可以是能够由计算机100访问的任何可用介质。
作为示例而非限制,计算机可读介质可以包括计算机存储介质和通信介质。计算机存储介质包括以存储如计算机可读指令、数据结构、程序模块或其他数据等信息的任何方法或技术来实现的易失性和非易失性、可移动和不可移动介质。计算机存储介质还包括,但不限于,RAM、ROM、可擦除可编程只读存储器(“EPROM”)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(“EEPROM”)、闪存或其它固态存储器技术、CD-ROM、数字多功能盘(“DVD”)或其它光存储、磁带盒、磁带、磁盘存储或其它磁性存储设备、或能用于存储所需信息且可以由计算机100访问的任何其它介质。
根据各实施例,计算机100使用通过诸如因特网等网络18至远程计算机的逻辑连接在联网环境中操作。计算机100可以通过连接至总线12的网络接口单元20来连接到网络18。网络连接可以是无线的和/或有线的。网络接口单元20也可用于连接到其它类型的网络和远程计算机系统。计算机100还可以包括用于接收和处理来自多个其他设备的输入的输入/输出控制器22,这些设备包括键盘、鼠标或者电子指示笔(未在图1中示出)。类似地,输入/输出控制器22可以为显示屏23、打印机或其它类型的输出设备提供输出。
如前简述的一样,多个程序模块和数据文件可以存储在计算机100的大容量存储设备14和RAM 9内,包括适于控制联网的个人计算机的操作的操作系统16,如华盛顿州雷蒙德市的微软公司的WINDOWSVISTA操作系统。大容量存储设备14和RAM 9还可以存储一个或多个程序模块。具体地,大容量存储设备14和RAM 9可以存储被配置成与诸如存储在联网数据存储28中的文档27等文档交互的一个或多个应用程序24。例如,应用程序24可以是诸如华盛顿州雷蒙德市的微软公司的MICROSOFT WORD等的富客户机应用程序。应用程序24也可以是不包括富客户机应用程序的全套功能的瘦客户机。例如,瘦客户机可以在包括显示文档的内容并允许对文档做出评论的功能的浏览器程序中实现。
应用程序24利用协作审阅管理器26来允许对文档的同时协作审阅。一般而言,协作审阅管理器26帮助同步由不同客户机17对文档27做出的评论。一个用户做出的评论被集成到文档27中从而使得每一打开文档27以评论/编辑的用户能够看见其他用户做出的评论。根据一实施例,要审阅的文档被存储在可由位于不同位置的不同用户访问的数据存储28中。例如,文档可被存储在网络上可访问的文档库中。每一审阅者可以从中央储存库中打开文档以提供对文档的评论。审阅者可以在相同或不同时间访问文档,而无需确保每次只有一人打开文档。以此方式,一个人可正对文档做出改变而其他人正在评论文档。以下将提供关于协作审阅管理器的附加细节。
图2示出了用于协作审阅文档的系统200。如图所示,系统200包括客户机1-3、协作审阅管理器26、显示器23和文档27。客户机中的每一个包括与文档交互并对文档做出评论的应用程序。
如图所示,客户机1和3包括提供对文档27的编辑和评论能力的富应用程序62。富客户机应用程序可以是创建文档27的文字处理应用程序、或提供对文档27的编辑和改变结构的一组丰富的功能的某一其他应用程序。例如,富应用程序可以是来自MICROSOFT OFFICE应用程序套件的程序,诸如MICROSOFT WORD。客户机2用提供对文档27做出评论的一组有限的功能(与富客户机应用程序62相比)的瘦应用程序64来示出。瘦应用程序64可以是提供显示文档27的能力和对文档做出评论的能力的应用程序。例如,瘦应用程序可以是允许用户做出评论的简单web界面。瘦客户机UI不需要富应用程序的功能,从而使得文档的审阅和评论过程不被特定版本的客户机软件应用程序的用户独占。
一旦诸如文档27等的文档被创建,则邀请审阅者对文档做出评论。审阅者可使用与诸如文档协作应用程序等应用程序相关联的功能来自动地邀请,或者审阅者可通过某一其他方法来邀请。例如,可以用电子邮件将到文档的链接发送给审阅者,指示该文档准备好供评论。根据一实施例,文档被放置在数据存储28中从而使得网络上的其他用户可以访问该文档。例如,文档27可以被放置在网络上的共享位置中。
协作用户(即客户机1-3)随后可以同时打开文档并做出评论。如图所示,某些用户使用相同或不同富应用程序同时访问文档,而其他用户使用瘦客户机访问文档。每一用户可以同时将评论插入到文档中。根据一实施例,用户通过选择文档的内容并随后将评论的文本插入到文本框中来对文档的内容做出评论。也可以使用其他插入评论文本的方法。例如,用户可以选择内容然后右击并输入评论文本。评论与所选择的内容相关联。根据一实施例,文档的内容是按节可选的。例如,用户可以选择文档的段落来评论。除了做出评论之外,客户机中的一个或多个可被指派为具有文档的编辑特权的作者或所有者,该特权允许对文档做出结构上的改变。例如,用户可以添加内容、删除内容、移动内容等等。根据一实施例,一个客户机被指派为文档27的作者或所有者。当作者将文档打开以供编辑时,其他用户被阻止对当前正被编辑的内容进行编辑并被限于对内容做出评论。以此方式,来自多个作者的评论可以实时地在文件的多个副本之间同步,使得每一作者能够在将文档的副本打开以供编辑的同时看见其他作者输入的任何评论。
每一客户机(即客户机1-3)做出的评论在当前正访问该文档的不同应用程序之间同步。根据一实施例,客户机上做出的评论在保存事件时与数据存储28处的文档的版本同步。一般而言,同步评论包括将评论写入文档27。由于对文件做出的评论是不冲突的,所以来自不同客户机的评论可以同时被写入到文档中。也可以使用其他同步评论的方式。例如,对文档的评论可以在发生某一其他事件时(即时间段已过、用户移动到另一段落等)被同步。一旦同步,其他客户机做出的评论在其他客户机设备上的其他应用程序中示出。因为评论被提供给当前正打开该文档的每一客户机,所以审阅者还在审阅该文档的同时看见来自其他审阅者的评论。以此方式,用户可以响应于对文档做出的其他评论。例如,审阅者可以对评论做出评论而非对文档本身做出评论(见图3和有关讨论)。
如果客户机(即文档的作者)正在编辑文档并将对其做出过评论的段落移除,则该评论成为孤立评论。孤立评论是不再与文档的节相关联的评论。在一实施例中,孤立评论被显示在已移除的文档内容的位置附近。或者,从文档中移除该孤立评论并且向用户显示指示形成该段落的内容已经被移除并且评论不再有效的消息。
客户机也可以决定输入建议编辑,该建议编辑如果被作者接受则将被自动地合并到文档中。根据一实施例,建议编辑被处理为一类评论(见图3和有关讨论)。或者,建议编辑可被单独处理。
根据一实施例,客户机也可以创建文档的副本并将评论与共享副本同步而非直接访问共享文档。例如,审阅者可以对本地存储的文档的副本做出评论,并随后在提交时将改变与共享副本同步。
图3示出了包括包含评论的示例性文档的显示的客户机界面的示例。
根据一实施例,当悬停在诸如段落1等的内容上时,该内容被加亮并且可以显示输入文本框以接收对加亮部分的评论。类似地,可以选择之前做出的评论来允许审阅者对评论做出评论。如图所示,文档内容被分成分立的节。例如,文档内容基于单词、行、句子、段落、页等被分成节。如图所示,文档内容节由文档的段落来定义。根据一实施例,用唯一标识符来标记文档内的每一节从而使得评论可以被容易地附加到适当的节。将唯一标识符与每一节相关联帮助确保即使该节在文档内改变了位置,对该节的相关联的评论也能被附加到正确的节。为了图3中说明简便起见,段落1具有ID 1;段落2具有ID 2并且段落N具有ID N。唯一标识符可以是唯一地标识每一节的任何标识符。例如,唯一标识符可以是全局唯一标识符(GUID)。
客户机对文档所做出的评论与该评论涉及的节相关联。如图所示,评论1与段落1相关联。如可以看见的,评论1的ID(82)被设置成段落1的ID。类似地,评论2与段落2相关联并且评论4与段落N相关联。
如上简要讨论的,也可以对之前的评论做出评论。在当前示例中,评论3是对评论2做出的评论。例如,在用户选择文档的评论并随后添加内容时可以对之前的评论做出评论。根据一实施例,通过将评论ID设置成与其相关联的评论的ID,该评论与父评论相关联。也可以使用其他方法将评论与之前的评论相关联。例如,对之前评论做出的每一评论可以适当地在树结构中嵌套。
也可以将评论标识为建议编辑。在当前示例中,评论4被标识为建议编辑。建议编辑与评论非常相似,但建议编辑提供了将评论合并到文档的内容中的一种方式。在当前示例中,建议编辑由真/假设置来标识(即建议编辑=“T”或“F”)。应用程序可以提供允许文档作者接受/拒绝建议编辑的选项。当作者接受建议编辑时,则该评论被自动地合并到文档的内容中。当作者拒绝建议编辑时,则建议编辑的内容不被合并到文档中。某些瘦客户机可能不包括这一功能,在这种情况下建议编辑作为评论来对待。
根据一实施例,每一评论被存储为数据结构,该数据结构包括将该评论与对其做出评论的文档的节相关联的信息;该评论是否是建议编辑;以及评论的文本。在一实施例中,使用XML来存储评论。例如,XML标签指示该内容是评论,其包括标识与该评论相关联的内容的属性。还可以包括其他标签,例如,可以使用任务评论。可以使用任务评论来指示该评论是要与文档的创建相关联的任务。建议编辑也可由评论标签内的标志来标识。其他属性也可以被包括在评论中,包括做出评论的时间、做出评论的人的名字、评论的ID等等。
根据另一实施例,编辑标记也可以与每一段落相关联从而使得做出关于做出的评论是否适用于文档的当前状态的判定。例如,当第一客户机访问文档时,段落可具有编辑ID 2。第一客户机添加评论并且当该评论被移动到中央数据存储时,确定相同段落的编辑ID现在是3以指示该段落已被编辑。当编辑ID不同时,可以随已改变的段落的副本一起提供警告消息。
现在参考图4,将描述用于协作审阅文档的说明性过程400。当阅读对在此提供的例程的讨论时,应当理解,各实施例的逻辑操作被实现为(1)运行于计算系统上的一系列计算机实现的动作或程序模块,和/或(2)计算系统内互连的机器逻辑电路或电路模块。该实现是取决于实现本发明的计算机系统的性能要求来选择的。因此,所例示的并且构成此处所描述的实施例的逻辑操作被不同地表示为操作、结构设备、动作或模块。这些操作、结构设备、动作和模块可用软件、固件、专用数字逻辑以及它们的任何组合来实现。
在开始操作之后,该过程行进至操作410,这里客户机访问同时正由至少一个其他客户机访问的文档。该文档被打开从而使得每一客户机可以写入文档以合并对文档做出的评论。
移至操作420,做出关于何时对文档做出评论的判定。根据一实施例,在通过预定义事件的发生将评论提交给文档之后,对文档做出了评论。例如,客户机保存文档。也可以使用其他事件(即时间段已过、用户移动到另一段落等等)。
行进至操作430,更新共享文档以反映评论。根据一实施例,评论被写入由访问该文档的客户机共享的联网数据存储维护的文档。
转移至操作440,将一个客户机做出的评论提供给其他客户机。这可以包括客户机访问已更新文档的客户机和/或向每一客户机发送与该评论有关的评论信息。例如,每一客户机可以包括评论以及该评论涉及的文档的节。
移至操作450,每一客户机显示带有合并评论的文档。随后该过程行进至结束操作并返回以处理其它动作。
以上说明、示例和数据提供了对本发明的组成部分的制造和使用的全面描述。因为可以在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下做出本发明的许多实施例,所以本发明落在所附权利要求的范围内。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于协作审阅文档的方法,包括:
从多个客户机同时访问文档(410);其中访问所述文档包括使用允许对所述文档做出评论的应用程序来访问所述文档;
允许从所述多个客户机的任一个来对所述文档做出评论并将对所述文档的创作访问限制到所述多个客户机中被指派为具有所述文档的编辑特权的作者或所有者的一个或多个客户机,所述编辑特权允许对所述文档做出结构上的改变;
判定何时从所述客户机中的至少一个对所述文档做出评论(420);
更新所述文档以反映所述评论(430),包括将所述评论写入由访问所述文档的多个客户机共享的联网数据存储维护的文档;以及
向同时访问所述文档的所述客户机中的每一个提供所述评论和将所述评论与所述文档中的位置相关联的信息,从而使得在所述客户机中的每一个上的所述文档的显示包括所述评论(440)。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,从所述多个客户机同时访问所述文档包括使用瘦客户机访问所述文档以及从客户机应用程序访问所述文档;其中所述瘦客户机包括与所述客户机应用程序相比的功能的子集。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述文档的内容被分为节;其中每一节与一唯一标识符相关联;并且其中判定何时做出所述评论包括标识所述文档中被评论的节以及将所述评论与所述文档的所确定的节的唯一标识符相关联。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,当所述文档同时从多个客户机访问时所述文档保持解锁,从而使得所述多个客户机中的任何一个可以写入到所述文档。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述文档的节由以下定界符中的一个来标识:单词;线;段落;和句子。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,判定何时做出所述评论还包括判定何时所述评论是对所述文档的建议编辑;并且在所述评论是建议编辑时随后将所述评论标识为建议编辑。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括判定何时选择与所述文档相关联的之前的评论并且将所述评论与所述之前的评论相关联而非将所述评论与所述文档的内容相关联。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在其他客户机正访问所述文档并且所述客户机中的至少一个正对所述文档的内容做出评论的同时,所述客户机中的至少一个执行影响所述文档的结构的对所述文档的内容的编辑。
9.一种用于从不同客户机对文档做出评论的方法,包括:
从所述不同客户机同时打开文档(410);其中打开所述文档包括使用允许对所述文档做出评论的一个或多个应用程序在解锁状态下打开所述文档;其中所述文档的解锁状态允许所述不同客户机中的任何一个写入到所述文档;
允许从所述不同客户机的任一个来对所述文档做出评论并将对所述文档的创作访问限制到所述不同客户机中被指派为具有所述文档的编辑特权的作者或所有者的一个或多个客户机,所述编辑特权允许对所述文档做出结构上的改变;
判定何时从所述不同客户机中的至少一个对所述文档做出评论(420);
更新所述文档以反映所述评论(430),包括将所述评论写入由访问所述文档的多个客户机共享的联网数据存储维护的文档;以及
向所述不同客户机中的每一个提供所述评论;其中所述评论被存储在包括将所述评论与所述文档中的位置相关联的信息的数据结构中(440)。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,从所述不同客户机同时访问所述文档包括允许所述不同客户机中的一个成为所述文档的所有者;其中所述所有者被允许在其他不同客户机正对所述文档做出评论的同时对所述文档做出结构上的改变。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述文档的内容被分为节;其中每一节与一唯一标识符相关联;并且其中判定何时做出所述评论包括标识被评论的节以及将所述评论与所述文档的所确定的节的唯一标识符相关联。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括判定做出过评论的节何时不再存在并且在所述节不存在时在丢失内容的位置附近的位置处提供所述评论的显示。
13.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述文档的节对应于所述文档的每一段落。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,判定何时做出所述评论还包括判定何时所述评论是对所述文档的建议编辑;并且在所述评论是建议编辑时随后将所述评论标识为建议编辑,并且其中所述客户机中的至少某些允许所述建议编辑被自动地合并到所述文档的内容中。
15.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括判定何时选择与所述文档相关联的之前的评论并且将所述评论与所述之前的评论相关联而非将所述评论与所述文档的内容相关联。
16.一种用于从不同客户机对文档做出评论的系统,包括:
用于从所述不同客户机同时打开文档(410)的装置;其中打开所述文档包括使用允许对所述文档做出评论的一个或多个应用程序在解锁状态下打开所述文档;其中所述文档的解锁状态允许所述不同客户机中的任何一个写入到所述文档;
用于允许从所述不同客户机的任一个来对所述文档做出评论并将对所述文档的创作访问限制到所述不同客户机中被指派为具有所述文档的编辑特权的作者或所有者的一个或多个客户机的装置,所述编辑特权允许对所述文档做出结构上的改变;
用于判定何时从所述不同客户机中的至少一个对所述文档做出评论(420)的装置;
用于更新所述文档以反映所述评论(430)的装置,包括用于将所述评论写入由访问所述文档的多个客户机共享的联网数据存储维护的文档的装置;以及
用于向所述不同客户机中的每一个提供所述评论的装置;其中所述评论被存储在包括将所述评论与所述文档中的位置相关联的信息的数据结构中(440)。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述文档的内容被分成节;其中每一节与一唯一标识符相关联;并且其中用于判定何时做出所述评论的装置包括用于标识被评论的节以及将所述评论与所述文档的所确定节的唯一标识符相关联的装置。
18.如权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,所述文档的节对应于所述文档的每一段落。
19.如权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,用于判定何时做出所述评论的装置还包括用于判定何时所述评论是对所述文档的建议编辑的装置;并且在所述评论是建议编辑时随后将所述评论标识为建议编辑并且其中所述客户机中的至少某些允许所述建议编辑被自动地合并到所述文档的内容中。
20.如权利要求16所述的系统,其特征在于,还包括用于判定何时选择与所述文档相关联的之前的评论并且将所述评论与所述之前的评论相关联而非将所述评论与所述文档的内容相关联的装置。
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JP5813499B2 (ja) | 2015-11-17 |
CN101983380A (zh) | 2011-03-02 |
BRPI0908272A2 (pt) | 2015-07-21 |
WO2009145941A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
KR101608099B1 (ko) | 2016-03-31 |
EP2277113A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
AU2009251763B2 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
TW200941246A (en) | 2009-10-01 |
RU2010140057A (ru) | 2012-04-10 |
EP2277113A4 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
CA2716972A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
TWI499920B (zh) | 2015-09-11 |
US20180024977A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 |
IL207696B (en) | 2018-03-29 |
RU2488162C2 (ru) | 2013-07-20 |
MY155756A (en) | 2015-11-30 |
ZA201005928B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
KR20110003490A (ko) | 2011-01-12 |
AU2009251763A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
US20090249224A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
SG189693A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
MX2010010516A (es) | 2010-10-26 |
JP2011520172A (ja) | 2011-07-14 |
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