CN101983128B - 改进的热衬里组合件、织物及使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种热衬里组合件,该组合件包括被粘合剂保持在压缩状态的卷曲的耐热纤维,该纤维粘附到至少一种热稳定阻燃稳定化织物上,其中当热衬里暴露于热或火焰时,该衬里增加其厚度至少100%,并且该衬里的收缩率不超过10%。本发明也涉及此类衬里在防护性织物、衣服、和制品中的用途。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及热衬里,所述衬里在非紧急条件下具有良好的热绝缘性和透气性,但在暴露于高热时,该衬里提供增加的热绝缘性和阻燃性,从而增强保护。本发明也包括合并了外壳织物、液体屏障和热衬里的复合织物系统。本发明还包括防护服。
发明背景
用于消防员防护服的热衬里或屏障具有两种相互矛盾的热特性需要。在非紧急条件下,热衬里应具有良好的热绝缘性和透气性以便为穿着者提供最佳的舒适度。然而,在暴露于高热的情况下,例如遇到紧急情况时,热衬里必须具有高热绝缘性以保护穿着者免受烧伤。提供高度热绝缘性的防护服通常在所有情况下均庞大笨重。这些防护服的庞大笨重性妨碍了使用者有效行动的能力,这归因于与衣服重量相关的运动阻碍和疲劳。因此,需要在非紧急情况下提供充分防护并且减小防护服的体积。
授予Bascom等人的美国专利7,229,937描述了一种包括网眼稀松布的非织造防火织物,所述网眼稀松布具有压缩在其上且被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态的卷曲的耐热有机纤维。也授予Ba s com等人的美国专利7,247,585描述了上述获得专利权的概念的一种变型,其中该防火织物具有脊和凹槽。授予Bascom等人的美国专利7,226,877提出了一种层压到网眼稀松布上的不可渗透的聚合物膜,所述网眼稀松布具有压缩在其上且被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态的卷曲的耐热有机纤维。授予Hainsworth等人的美国专利6,955,193公开了一种耐火织造织物材料,所述材料包括由间位芳族聚酰胺纤维织造成的正面和由对位芳族聚酰胺纤维织造成的背面。
尽管这些织物具有功能性,但仍然需要进行进一步的改进,尤其是在成品衣服的阻燃性领域中进行改进,从而最小化热衬里的减缩率并且减小热衬里的耐磨性。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种耐热并且阻燃的热衬里组合件,所述组合件包括至少一种由卷曲的耐热纤维制成并且被粘合剂保持在压缩状态的热膨胀非织造阻燃织物、至少一种由粘合剂粘附到热膨胀阻燃织物的外表面上的热稳定阻燃织物,其中当热衬里组合件暴露于热或火焰时,该衬里在100%至1100%的范围内增加其厚度,并且衬里组合件在纵向和横向上的收缩率不大于10%。
本发明也涉及一种合并了具有外壳织物和液体屏障的热衬里的复合织物系统,并且还涉及通过将复合织物系统夹置在对象和热源之间来保护对象免于受热的方法。
例证性的实施方案的发明详述
定义:
当用来指织物位置时,术语“邻近”不一定是指一个织物紧邻于另一个织物。相邻织物之间可能放置有居间织物。然而,彼此直接接触的织物仍然是彼此邻近。
当用来指彼此接触的两个织物层时,术语“粘附到”是指这两个层以足够的粘附力彼此粘结,因而需要用拉力才能将它们分开。该拉力可为手动力。
术语“织物”旨在表示由纤维或纱线制成的任何织造材料、针织材料、编结材料、编织材料、毡化材料或非织造材料。
“稀松布”为一种轻型网眼粗织物,其在经向和纬向上均具有介于2至15根/英寸(0.8至6根/厘米)之间的密度。
所谓“非织造”织物是指通过将纤维粘结和/或互锁成无规纤维网或垫而制备的纺织物结构,所述粘结和/或互锁通过机械、化学、热或溶剂方法以及它们的组合来实现。
所谓“织造”织物是指通由两组纱线(经纱和纬纱)组成的织物,该织物由编织即这些纱线组的交织而形成。本发明的织造织物在经向和纬向上均具有15至75根/英寸(6至30根/厘米)的密度。
所谓“卷曲”纤维是指波状纤维,其具有被表示为褶皱数/单位长度的波度。
当与纤维结合使用时,短语“耐热”是指如下那些纤维,包括当以20℃/分钟的速率在空气中加热至500℃时保留90%的纤维重量的短纤维。
短语“阻燃”是指一种织物,该织物按ASTM D6143-99的垂直火焰试验具有等于或小于4英寸的炭化长度和等于或小于2秒的余焰。
“纵向”为一卷织物货品中的纵长方向。其有时候被称为经向。
“横向”为正交于纵向的方向。其也被称为纬向。
“收缩率”为在热活化之前和之后热衬里在纵向和横向上的织物尺度变化的量度。
“絮”为纤维的柔软的大体积组合件。
术语“热衬里”和“热屏障”可互换使用。
热衬里的一个必要元件为热衬里组合件,所述组合件包括被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态的卷曲耐热纤维。当暴露于热或火焰时,这些衬里组合件按衬里的暴露前厚度增加厚度至少100%。这些热屏障包括热活化非织造薄片。当暴露于热时,所述薄片借助于膨化机构将厚度增加100%至1100%。低至150摄氏度的温度即可启动膨化效应,并且在225摄氏度或更高的温度下,膨化动作会立即进行。在正常情况下,该热屏障具有良好的热导率和透气性,而在暴露于高热时,该屏障的热导率急剧降低,从而提供优异的防护。当压缩的纤维经受高热或火焰时,结构中的粘合剂变软,从而释放出受约束的卷曲纤维并使得织物的厚度能够急剧增加。这样的增加会在织物中形成气囊,据信可增加织物的热性能。
该非织造织物能够响应于高热或火焰而增加其厚度,因为卷曲耐热纤维为压缩的但不是缠结在织物中。
“卷曲纤维”优选地为短纤维,所述短纤维具有在0.4至2.5英寸(10至63mm),优选0.75至2英寸(19至51mm)范围内的切割长度,并且优选具有5至12个褶皱/英寸(2至5个褶皱/厘米)。此类纤维可以通过以下方法形成:将连续的纤维拉断以形成具有充当褶皱的变形部分的短纤维。这种短纤维也可以通过沿短纤维长度将具有锯齿形褶皱的连续纤维进行切割来获得。
用于热膨胀阻燃非织造织物的耐热纤维具有至少3克/旦尼尔(2.7克/分特)的纱线韧度。合适的纤维为芳香族聚酰胺、聚烯烃、聚芳唑、三聚氰胺、聚丙烯腈、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇以及它们的混合物。优选的纤维为对位芳族聚酰胺、聚苯并唑、聚苯并咪唑和聚酰亚胺聚合物。在这些实施方案的某些中,对位芳族聚酰胺纤维是最优选的。
如本文所用,“芳族聚酰胺”是指其中至少85%的酰胺(--CONH--)连接基直接连接到两个芳族环的聚酰胺。“对位芳族聚酰胺”是指两个环或基沿分子链相对于彼此对位取向。添加剂可与所述芳族聚酰胺一起使用。事实上,已发现按重量计多达10%的其它聚合物材料可与芳族聚酰胺共混使用,或者可以使用具有多达10%的其它二胺(其取代了芳族聚酰胺的二胺)或多达10%的其它二甲酰氯(其取代了芳族聚酰胺的二甲酰氯)的共聚物。在本发明实践中,优选的对位芳族聚酰胺为聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺。可用于本发明的制备对位芳族聚酰胺纤维的方法一般公开于例如美国专利3,869,430、3,869,429、和3,767,756中。此类芳香族聚酰胺有机纤维和这些纤维的各种形式可以商品名得自DuPont Company(Wilmington,Del)。
热膨胀非织造纤维网可通过本领域已知的任何方法来压缩。优选的压缩方法是通过使用梳理机,随后在输送带上收集梳理过的纤维网的一个或多个梳理器或絮。
热衬里组合件的另一个必要元件为热塑性粘合剂,所述粘合剂用来将卷曲纤维保持在压缩状态。粘合剂所具有的软化点应当低于存在于衬里组合件中的任何其它纤维的软化点。热塑性粘合剂可呈纤维、纤维网或粉末形式,并且应当以足够的量使用以将卷曲纤维保持在压缩状态并且将热稳定织物粘结到卷曲的纤维织物上。粘合剂粉末的功能主要是有助于在热稳定织物和热膨胀织物之间保持粘附力。在一些实施方案中,不使用粘合剂粉末,并且粘合剂仅由纤维粘合剂构成。也可利用粉末和纤维的混合粘合剂。当同时使用纤维粘合剂和粉末粘合剂时,粘合剂粉末的量应当小于所存在的总粘合剂的20%,并且优选小于15%。所存在的粘合剂的总量应当为粘合剂加上卷曲纤维的总重量的15-45%,并且优选为20-40%。可采用能够使耐热纤维保持在压缩状态的任何类型的粘合剂。在一些实施方案中,可用的粘合剂包括卷曲的皮-芯型粘合纤维,该卷曲的皮-芯型粘合纤维具有半结晶聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的芯,该芯由间苯二甲酸酯和对苯二甲酸酯形成的粘合剂聚合物的外皮包裹。外皮的热软化温度低于芯材料的热软化温度。此类纤维得自Unitika Corp.(Osaka,Japan)或Huvis Corporation(Seoul,Korea)。然而,其它皮/芯型粘合剂纤维也可用于本发明。可以纤维或粉末形式获得的其它热塑性粘合剂包括共聚酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯和聚丙烯。此外,还可用液体粘合剂来接触耐热纤维以获得热屏障。此类粘合剂的实例包括粘合剂的含水分散体。如果同时使用纤维的和粉末的粘合剂,则可优选的是,选择粘合剂使得它们具有类似的熔点,例如,这两种材料之间的熔点差异不超过50°F至59°F(10℃至15℃)。一种优选的粘合剂粉末为共聚酯EMS6E,其源自EMS-Chemie,Donat/Ems,Switzerland。
粘合剂纤维可在梳理过程期间加入,以便与梳理的纤维混合并且保留在梳理的纤维网的表面上。粘合剂粉末最好在梳理步骤之后并且在热稳定织物的层压点之前加入。可将粘合剂以约0.1至0.9oz/yd2(3.4至30g/m2)的优选量施加到组合的梳理的纤维网上。然后将组合的纤维网传送通过至少一种烘箱,烘箱温度足以软化并部分地熔融粘合剂纤维和/或粉末,并且使得其能够将纤维粘附在一起。
热衬里组合件的第三个必要部件为热稳定织物,所述织物粘附到组合件的热膨胀材料的至少一种外表面上。在一个优选的模式中,当经受大于150℃的温度时,这种织物在纵向和横向上的膨胀不超过10%,更优选不超过6%,并且最优选不超过3%。此类值很好地转换为在绗缝的热衬里中所观察到的收缩率。
热稳定织物和热膨胀织物之间的表面接触的量应为30-100%,更优选60-100%,并且最优选80-100%。在一些优选的实施方案中,该热稳定织物为阻燃的。该热稳定织物用作稳定化织物,因为其在热暴露之后保持平坦,因而是尺度上稳定的,并且在热活化之后对热膨胀织物存在足够的粘附力以最小化热活性层的收缩率。该热稳定织物也帮助减小热衬里的热膨胀材料的磨损。热稳定织物可为织造或非织造织物,优选为非织造材料,所述材料具有优选在0.2至3.0oz/yd2(7至101g/m2)范围内的重量。一种合适的热稳定织物为E89,其为一种由得自DuPont的知短纤维的共混物制成的射流喷网非织造材料。E89织物具有19mil(0.48mm)的标称厚度和1.5oz/yd2(50.5g/m2)的基重。优选的是,当与外壳织物和液体屏障结合使用时,热稳定织物为最靠近液体屏障的组合件的一面。热稳定织物通过上述的粘合剂粘附到热膨胀织物上。最好将热稳定阻燃稳定化纤维网在即将进入或退出烘箱之前施加到梳理的纤维网的表面上,并且随后将整个组合件在两个闭合辊之间进行压缩以将所述各种层固结或粘附成胶粘织物。然后在这种压缩状态下冷却织物。
在一些实施方案中,可在热衬里组合件层中使用一种以上的热膨胀非织造材料。这些热膨胀纤维网可彼此接触或被基本上热稳定的织物中的一个或多个隔开。
在一个实施方案中,热衬里组合件包括卷曲的对位芳族聚酰胺纤维的三个梳理絮作为热膨胀材料、和一个射流喷网间位芳族聚酰胺非织造纤维网作为非热膨胀材料。
热衬里的另一个必要部件为也并入热衬里中的作为第二层的部件,即,作为面料的轻型织造阻燃织物。该第二层不是上述组合件的一部分。用于第二层的织物的合适的阻燃纤维包括芳族聚酰胺,尤其是间位芳族聚酰胺。纤维共混物诸如间位芳族聚酰胺和阻燃(fr)棉或间位芳族聚酰胺和对位芳族聚酰胺与改性聚丙烯腈纤维也适用于本专利申请。一种可优选的纤维为93%间位芳族聚酰胺、5%对位芳族聚酰胺和2%碳芯尼龙防静电纤维的共混物,此类共混纤维为得自E.I.DuPont de Nemours(Wilmington,DE)的IIIA。平织织物为优选的布料型式,虽然也可使用其它型式。织物重量应当在4.0至9.0oz/yd2(135-305g/m2)范围内,其中4.5-6.0oz/yd2(152-203g/m2)的范围为优选的。
在某些实施方案中,可机械地连结热衬里的面料层和组合件层。机械连结方法包括但不限于缝合和绗缝。合适的绗缝图案包括框、Z字形、直线对角线或山形。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,热衬里可用于防护服的复合织物系统中,该复合织物系统具有至少三个组件,每个组件执行不同的功能。第一组件(外层)为外壳织物,其提供火焰防护并且用作消防员对火焰的初级防御。邻近外壳的是液体屏障(第二组件),其通常为对液体的屏障,但可进行选择使得其允许水蒸汽穿过该屏障。邻近液体屏障的是热衬里,即本文所述的第三组件。液体屏障使热衬里保持干燥,并且热衬里使穿着者在消防活动期间与热隔绝。热衬里为复合织物系统(并且因此是防护服)的热防护提供主要贡献。
外壳可由任何阻燃织物组成。在一些实施方案中,外壳包含芳族聚酰胺纤维。一种合适的芳族聚酰胺为E.I.DuPont de Nemours,Inc.以商品名销售的聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺。其它织物利用聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(由E.I.DuPont de Nemours,Inc.以商品名销售)或聚芳并唑诸如聚苯并咪唑(PBI)。也可以采用包含不止一种前述纤维的织物(例如 或/PBI)。
液体屏障为如下的组件,其用作对液体的屏障,但可允许水蒸汽穿过该屏障。在诸如消防员防护服之类的制品中,这些屏障不使水接触消防员,从而最小化消防员携带的重量。此外,该屏障还允许水蒸汽(汗水)逸出。当在热环境中工作时,这是一种重要的功能。通常,水分阻隔物组件包括被层压到非织造或织造织物上的膜。用来层压至织物的膜材料包括聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和聚氨酯。此类层压体的实例包括纤维非织造织物或织造的间位芳族聚酰胺织物上的PTFE膜或膜。
本发明也涉及保护对象免于受热的方法,所述方法包括将热屏障夹置在该对象和热源之间,所述热屏障包括被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态的卷曲的耐热纤维,所述纤维粘附到至少一种热稳定的阻燃稳定化层上。在一些实施方案中,所述对象是人,而热阻隔物位于防护服装内。
测试方法
垂直火焰试验。使用ASTM D6413-99来测定热衬里的垂直火焰性能。
厚度。本发明的复合织物的厚度测量按照ASTM D1777-96 Option 1使用标准基座安装的测微器来测定。
基重。复合织物的基重由6.75英寸×6.75英寸的TPP测试样品的重量来确定。
耐久性。热衬里的耐久性根据ASTM D3884-01来测定。
收缩率。热衬里的收缩率根据National Fire ProtectionAssociation’s 2007 edition of NFPA 1971中所述的方法来测试。
通过以下实施例举例说明了本发明,所述实施例不旨在进行限制。在这些实施例中,所述份数和百分比均按重量计,度数按摄氏度计,并且尺寸按英寸计,除非另外说明。
比较实施例1
如下制备了用于热衬里组合件的加强型非织造织物。共混了源自HuvisCorporation的70份数的2.2旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)、2英寸切割长度的970型牌短纤维和30份数的4dpf、2英寸切割长度的LMF-950A型50/50皮/芯型110℃熔点粘合剂纤维,同时以纤维包的形式进料到梳理机上的三台梳理器中。将从这三台梳理器获得的纤维网收集到传送带上以形成具有大约2.7oz/yd2(92g/m2)基重的纤维垫。将由聚酯长丝纱线形成的网眼稀松布插入到由前两个梳理机形成的两张纤维网之间。网眼稀松布为SaintGobain稀松布(KPMR10510/P3型,纬向具有密度为5根/英寸的150旦尼尔聚酯,并且经向具有密度为10根/英寸的70旦尼尔聚酯),所述稀松布具有0.3oz/yd2(10g/m2)的基重。所得的结构在网眼稀松布的一个面上具有两张梳理的纤维网,在该稀松布的另一个面上具有一张梳理的纤维网。
将合并的纤维网和稀松布运送通过温度为141℃的烘箱以使粘合剂纤维熔融。在烘箱出口处,将该片材在两个闭合辊之间进行压缩以将各组件固结为胶粘织物。然后在这种压缩状态下冷却织物。
该织物的最终组成是约63%的纤维、27%的粘合剂纤维、10%的聚酯稀松布。表1中示出了作为测试基准TL102和RY 81的从该非织造组合件的两个测试过程获得的表征数据。
比较实施例2
如下制备了用于热衬里组合件的加强型非织造织物。共混了70份数的2.2旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)、2英寸切割长度的970型牌短纤维和30份数的4dpf、2英寸切割长度的LMF-950A型50/50皮/芯型110℃熔点粘合剂纤维,同时以纤维包的形式进料到梳理机上的三台梳理器中。将从这三台梳理器获得的纤维网收集到传送带上以形成具有大约2.7oz/yd2(92g/m2)基重的纤维垫。将由聚酯长丝纱线形成的网眼稀松布插入到由前两个梳理机形成的两张纤维网之间。网眼稀松布为Saint Gobain稀松布(KPMR10510/P3型,纬向具有密度为5根/英寸的150旦尼尔聚酯,并且经向具有密度为10根/英寸的70旦尼尔聚酯),所述稀松布具有0.3oz/yd2(10g/m2)的基重。所得的结构在网眼稀松布的一个面上具有两张梳理的纤维网,在该稀松布的另一个面上具有一张梳理的纤维网。
将组合的纤维网传送通过温度为141℃的烘箱以使粘合剂纤维熔融。在烘箱出口处,将715E-89TM型式的1.5oz/yd2(51g/m2)的射流喷网非织造芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维网放置在梳理絮材料之上,然后在两个闭合辊之间压缩这些片材以将各组件粘结为胶粘织物。然后,在这种固结的压缩状态下冷却织物。所得结构在射流喷网非织造纤维网的一面上具有三个梳理的纤维网。表1中包括了该非织造材料的表征数据。
该织物的最终组成是约63%的纤维、27%的粘合剂纤维、10%的聚酯稀松布。表1中包括了作为测试基准RY 79的该非织造组合件的表征数据。
比较实施例3
如下制备了用于热衬里组合件的加强型非织造织物。共混了源自HuvisCorporation的85份数的2.2旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)、2英寸切割长度的970型牌短纤维和15份数的4dpf、2英寸切割长度的LMF-950A型50/50皮/芯型110℃熔点粘合剂纤维,同时以纤维包的形式进料到梳理机上的三台梳理器中。将从这三台梳理器获得的纤维网收集到传送带上以形成具有大约2.7oz/yd2(92g/m2)基重的纤维垫。将由聚酯长丝纱线形成的网眼稀松布插入到由前两个梳理机形成的两张纤维网之间。网眼稀松布为SaintGobain稀松布(KPMR10510/P3型,纬向具有密度为5根/英寸的150旦尼尔聚酯,并且经向具有密度为10根/英寸的70旦尼尔聚酯),所述稀松布具有0.3oz/yd2(10g/m2)的基重。所得的结构在网眼稀松布的一个面上具有两张梳理的纤维网,在该稀松布的另一个面上具有一张梳理的纤维网。使组合的纤维网从粉末喷洒机下经过,并且将EMS6E共聚酯粉末加入到纤维网的顶部表面上。以0.014oz/yd2(0.48g/m2)的速率沉积粉末。
将组合的纤维网和稀松布传送通过温度为141℃的烘箱以使粘合剂纤维和粉末熔融。在烘箱出口处,将该片材在两个闭合辊之间进行压缩,以将各组件固结为胶粘织物。然后在这种压缩状态下冷却织物。
表1中示出了作为测试基准SC30H的从非织造组合件的该测试过程获得的表征数据,
实施例1
如下制备了用于热衬里组合件的加强型非织造织物。共混了70份数的2.2旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)、2英寸切割长度的970型牌短纤维和30份数的4dpf、2英寸切割长度的LMF-950A型50/50皮/芯型110℃熔点粘合剂纤维,同时以纤维包的形式进料到梳理机上的三台梳理器中。将从这三台梳理器获得的纤维网收集到传送带上以形成具有大约2.7oz/yd2(92g/m2)基重的纤维垫。
将组合的纤维网传送通过温度为141℃的烘箱以使粘合剂纤维熔融。在烘箱出口处,将715E-89TM型式的1.5oz/yd2(51g/m2)的射流喷网非织造芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维网放置在梳理的絮材料之上,然后在两个闭合辊之间压缩这些片材以将各组件粘结为胶粘织物。然后在这种固结的压缩状态下冷却织物。所得结构在射流喷网非织造纤维网的一面上具有三个梳理的纤维网。
表1中包括了作为RY 80、RY82和RK01的从该非织造衬里组合件的三个测试过程获得的表征数据。
实施例2
如下制备了用于热衬里组合件的加强型非织造织物。共混了67份数的2.2旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)、2英寸切割长度的970型牌短纤维和28.5份数的4dpf、2英寸切割长度的LMF-950A型50/50皮/芯型110℃熔点粘合剂纤维,同时以纤维包的形式进料到梳理机上的三台梳理器中。将从这三台梳理器获得的纤维网收集到传送带上以形成具有大约2.7oz/yd2(92g/m2)基重的纤维垫。
使组合的纤维网从粉末喷洒机下经过,并且将4.5重量份的EMS6E共聚酯粉末加入到纤维网的顶部表面上。然后将纤维网传送通过温度为141℃的烘箱以使粘合剂材料熔融。在烘箱出口处,将715E-89TM型式的1.5oz/yd2(51g/m2)的射流喷网非织造芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维网放置在梳理的絮材料之上,然后在两个闭合辊之间压缩这些片材以将各组件粘结为胶粘织物。然后在这种固结的压缩状态下冷却织物。所得结构在射流喷网非织造纤维网的一面上具有三个梳理的纤维网。在层压射流喷网纤维网之前,梳理的絮的组成为大约67.0%的纤维、28.5%的粘合剂纤维、4.5%的粘合剂粉末。
表1中包括了作为RY 83的该非织造衬里组合件的表征数据。
实施例3
如下制备了用于热衬里组合件的加强型非织造织物。共混了72份数的2.2旦尼尔/长丝(dpf)、2英寸切割长度的970型牌短纤维和24份数的4dpf、2英寸切割长度的LMF-950A型Huvis 50/50皮/芯型110℃熔点粘合剂纤维,同时以纤维包的形式进料到梳理机上的三台梳理器中。将从这三台梳理器获得的纤维网收集到传送带上以形成具有大约2.7oz/yd2(92g/m2)基重的纤维垫。
使组合的纤维网从粉末喷洒机下经过,并且将4.0重量份的EMS6E共聚酯粉末加入到纤维网的顶部表面上。然后,将纤维网传送通过温度为141℃的烘箱以使粘合剂材料熔融。在烘箱出口处,将715E-89TM型式的1.5oz/yd2(51g/m2)的射流喷网非织造芳族聚酰胺纤维的纤维网放置在梳理的絮材料之上,然后在两个闭合辊之间压缩这些片材以将各组件粘结为胶粘织物。然后在这种固结的压缩状态下冷却织物。所得结构在射流喷网非织造纤维网的一面上具有三个梳理的纤维网。在层压射流喷网纤维网之前,梳理的絮的组成为大约72.0%的纤维、24.0%的粘合剂纤维、4.0%的粘合剂粉末。
表1中包括了作为RY 84的该非织造衬里组合件的表征数据。
表1-热衬里组合件的性能数据
实施例和 组合件中的 组合件中的射 热活化之后的 热活化之后的 余焰(秒)
(基准号) 稀松布 流喷网纤维网 厚度增加% 收缩率%
要求 要求
等于或<10 等于或<2
比较实施例1
(TL102) 是 否 700 8×13 0×0.7
比较实施例1
(RY 81) 是 否 269 12×15 4.9×9.5
比较实施例2
(RY 79) 是 是 372 6×5 13.8×20.7
比较实施例3
(SC 30H) 是 否 1050 12×14 3.2×1.2
实施例1
(RK 01) 否 是 121 2×1 NM
实施例1
(RY 80) 否 是 222 2×1 0×1.0
实施例1
(RY 82) 否 是 312 6×0 0×0
实施例2
(RY 83) 否 是 390 3×0 0×0
实施例3
(RY 84) 否 是 444 5×0 0×0
NM=未测
表1中的数据证实了本发明的优点。仅有如下那些衬里组合件获得了容许的等于或小于2秒的余焰值:它们不包含网眼稀松布,并且具有粘附到热膨胀织物的外表面上的热稳定织物。应当注意,虽然TL 102被报告为具有良好的余焰性能,但一个重复实施例RY 81和作为热衬里装配和测试的TL 102的另一些测试却给出了失败的余焰结果。在衬里组合件中同时包含稀松布和热稳定织物的产品RY 79也不能令人满意。仅有如下构造获得了衬里组合件在热活化之后容许的收缩率值:所述结构不具有网眼稀松布和粘附到卷曲纤维上的热尺度上稳定的织物。
测试了实施例1和比较实施例2的衬里组合件的耐磨性。耐磨性在Taber 5150研磨机上测定,所述研磨机使用CS-10橡胶轮和2000克的外加重量。在进行10、50和100次循环测试之前,将样本在70°F(21℃)和65%的相对湿度下进行调理。结果示于表2中。
表2-磨损结果
基于对被测试样本的目视检查,将磨损区域中的磨蚀量化成轻度、中度和重度这三个类别。轻度磨蚀为为样本表面的不超过10%显示出磨损迹象;中度磨蚀为样本表面的10至50%显示出磨损迹象;并且重度为样本表面的大于50%显示出磨损迹象。该结果清楚地表明,包括粘附到热膨胀层上的射流喷网热稳定的非织造织物的样本(实施例2)的磨损显著地小于包含热膨胀层和稀松布的样本(比较实施例2)。显示出重度磨蚀的衬里被完全磨破,仅有稀松布保留下来。这展示和说明了本发明优于现有技术的优点。
Claims (7)
1.耐热并且阻燃的热衬里组合件,所述热衬里组合件包括
(a)至少一种由卷曲的耐热纤维制成的热膨胀阻燃织物,所述耐热纤维被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态,
(b)至少一种热稳定阻燃织物,所述热稳定阻燃织物由热塑性粘合剂粘附到所述热膨胀阻燃织物的外表面上,其中所述热稳定阻燃织物为包含间位芳族聚酰胺纤维的射流喷网非织造织物,
其中,当所述热衬里组合件暴露于热或火焰时,所述衬里在100%至1100%的范围内增加其厚度,并且所述衬里组合件在纵向和横向上的收缩率不大于10%,以及
所述热塑性粘合剂的总量为热塑性粘合剂加上卷曲纤维的总重量的15-45%,以及
所述热稳定阻燃织物和所述热膨胀阻燃织物之间的表面接触的量是30-100%,其中所述短语“阻燃”是指一种织物,该织物按ASTMD6143-99的垂直火焰试验具有等于或小于4英寸的炭化长度和等于或小于2秒的余焰。
2.权利要求1的热衬里组合件,其中所述热膨胀阻燃织物的耐热纤维包括对位芳族聚酰胺纤维。
3.权利要求1的热衬里组合件,其中所述热塑性粘合剂包括共聚酯。
4.复合织物系统,所述复合织物系统包括:
外壳织物,
液体屏障,和
热衬里;所述热衬里包括阻燃织造织物面料层和组合件,所述组合件还包括
(a)至少一种由卷曲的耐热纤维制成的热膨胀阻燃织物,所述耐热纤维被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态,
(b)至少一种热稳定阻燃织物,所述热稳定阻燃织物由热塑性粘合剂粘附到所述热膨胀阻燃织物的外表面上,其中所述热稳定阻燃织物为包含间位芳族聚酰胺纤维的射流喷网非织造织物,
其中,当所述热衬里组合件暴露于热或火焰时,所述衬里在100%至1100%范围内增加其厚度,并且所述衬里组合件在纵向和横向上的收缩率不大于10%,以及
所述热塑性粘合剂的总量为粘合剂加上卷曲纤维的总重量的15-45%,以及
所述热稳定阻燃织物和所述热膨胀阻燃织物之间的表面接触的量是30-100%,其中所述短语“阻燃”是指一种织物,该织物按ASTMD6143-99的垂直火焰试验具有等于或小于4英寸的炭化长度和等于或小于2秒的余焰。
5.权利要求4的复合织物系统,其中所述外壳织物包括聚间苯二甲酰间苯二胺。
6.包括权利要求4的复合织物系统的防护服。
7.用于保护对象免于受热的方法,所述方法包括将复合织物夹置在所述对象和热源之间,所述复合织物包括:
外壳织物,
液体屏障,和
热衬里;所述热衬里包括组合件和阻燃织物面料,所述组合件还包括
(a)至少一种由卷曲的耐热纤维制成的热膨胀阻燃织物,所述纤维被热塑性粘合剂保持在压缩状态,
(b)至少一种热稳定阻燃稳定化织物,所述热稳定阻燃稳定化织物由热塑性粘合剂粘附到所述热膨胀阻燃织物的外表面上,其中所述热稳定阻燃织物为包含间位芳族聚酰胺纤维的射流喷网非织造织物,
其中,当所述热衬里组合件暴露于热或火焰时,所述衬里在100%至1100%的范围内增加其厚度,并且所述衬里组合件在纵向和横向上的收缩率不大于10%,以及
所述热塑性粘合剂的总量为热塑性粘合剂加上卷曲纤维的总重量的15-45%,以及
所述热稳定阻燃织物和所述热膨胀阻燃织物之间的表面接触的量是30-100%,其中所述短语“阻燃”是指一种织物,该织物按ASTMD6143-99的垂直火焰试验具有等于或小于4英寸的炭化长度和等于或小于2秒的余焰。
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US6983490B1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-01-10 | Morning Pride Manufacturing, L.L.C. | Protective garment comprising outer shell, outer moisture barrier, thermal liner within outer moisture barrier, and inner moisture barrier at distal edges or at hems |
US7247585B2 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-07-24 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Reinforced nonwoven fire blocking fabric having ridges and grooves and articles fire blocked therewith |
US7226877B2 (en) * | 2004-12-27 | 2007-06-05 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Liquid water impermeable reinforced nonwoven fire blocking fabric, method for making such fabric, and articles fire blocked therewith |
JP4690806B2 (ja) * | 2005-07-15 | 2011-06-01 | 帝人テクノプロダクツ株式会社 | 耐熱性布帛、およびこれを用いた耐熱性防護服 |
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US20080189840A1 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-14 | Warren Francis Knoff | Thermal liner |
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2008
- 2008-04-02 US US12/080,397 patent/US8347420B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-23 CN CN200980111863.3A patent/CN101983128B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-23 KR KR1020107024554A patent/KR20100132540A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-23 JP JP2011503028A patent/JP5303025B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-23 EP EP09727688.5A patent/EP2259919B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-03-23 WO PCT/US2009/037916 patent/WO2009123871A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
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CN2686655Y (zh) * | 2004-04-03 | 2005-03-23 | 秦长春 | 能降温隔热的防火消防服 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101983128A (zh) | 2011-03-02 |
US20090249531A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
JP2011518684A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
US8347420B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
EP2259919B1 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
KR20100132540A (ko) | 2010-12-17 |
WO2009123871A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
EP2259919A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
JP5303025B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
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