CN101981885A - 使用ipsec esp以支持用于基于udp的oma使能者的安全功能的方法和实体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
提供一种在OMA SEC_CF中用于在客户机和服务器之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的方法和相关实体。在客户机和服务器之间预先共享预共享密钥。在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对,其中确定业务数据密码算法。通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥。于是,利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及OMA(开放移动联盟)中的SEC_CF(应用层上安全通用功能),并且更具体地说涉及支持用于基于UDP的OMA使能者(enabler)的安全功能的方法和功能实体。
背景技术
在OMA中的应用层上安全通用功能(SEC_CF)的目的在于提供可以被OMA使能者重用的通用安全机制集合。该SEC_CF背后的原理是在可能的情况下避免对于需要安全功能的每一OMA使能者的重复安全工作。SEC_CF提议当开发新OMA使能者时重用体系结构性实体(例如安全网关等)和安全规范(例如协议规范概要)。OMA使能者典型地包括协议,例如位置使能者中的MLP(移动位置协议)、RLP(漫游位置协议)、PCP(隐私检查协议),存在使能者中的SSI(服务器对服务器接口)和CSI(客户机对服务器接口),设备管理中的SyncML,或由多个使能者使用的PAP(推送访问协议)。
当前版本的SEC_CF,即安全通用功能版本1.0(以下称为SEC_CFv1.0)被设计为仅为运行在作为传输协议的TCP上的OMA使能者提供安全功能,而不为UDP上的OMA使能者(诸如使能者CPM(汇聚的IP消息传输))提供。由于使用OMA SEC_CF v1.0使用TLS/PSK-TLS来提供安全功能,因此它不适用于UDP上的那些OMA使能者。
尽管用户平面安全可以重用3GPP中的媒体安全,但相关媒体安全标准的开发太晚而CPM不能等待,因为这些媒体安全标准还没有准备好。因此,开发SEC_CF并使其适用于运行在作为传输协议的UDP上的OMA使能者非常急迫。
考虑到有RFC 4303规定的ESP(负载安全封装)是IPSec(互联网安全)体系结构中的关键协议,其能够为TCP和UDP两者提供机密性和完整性,我们相信IPSec ESP是用于支持对基于UDP的OMA使能者的最好选择。在此,数据完整性指的是通过确保对数据的改变是可探测的来保护免受对数据的非授权改变的安全服务,其包括故意的改变或破坏与意外的改变或丢失。在此,数据机密性指的是(通常作为“安全的”消息的内容的一部分被接收或发送的,或基于交换的数据被构建的)具体数据项或信息不为非授权个体、实体、或处理可得或不对其公开,并且保持不为入侵者所知。
在现有IPSec ESP中,在为业务数据提供安全服务之前,必须经由安全关联(SA)建立过程来建立在发起者和响应者之间的安全通信信道。一般SA建立过程是基于这样的假设建立的,该假设为安全通信信道的两个端点(即发起者和响应者)彼此陌生,并且由此进行复杂的过程以建立SA。(关于通用SA建立过程的更多细节稍后将参考图2来描述。)
但是,在OMA SEC_CF中,安全通信信道的两个端点并不是完全彼此陌生的。换言之,这两个端点可能经由先前的其它安全机制而彼此认识,例如经由下层网络体系结构中的认证和密钥协商。由此,根据现有技术建立SA的一般过程对于调整IPSec ESP以适应当前OMA SEC_CF并不高效。
这样,以试图优化SA建立过程和协议效率的方式,来调整IPSec ESP以适应当前OMA SEC_CF v1.0,从而使得SEC_CF可用于基于UDP的使能者是有利的。
发明内容
下面陈述简要的发明内容,以提供本发明的一些方面的基本理解。发明内容并非是本发明的详尽综述。并非为了标识本发明的关键或重要元素或描绘本发明的范围。以下内容仅仅以简化的形式来陈述本发明的构思作为对以下提供的更详细的描述的开篇。
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于解决或至少减少在上文所讨论的问题。更具体地,本发明的目的在于提供使用IPSec ESP的方法和设备,以按照意图优化SA建立过程和协议效率的方式,支持对基于UDP的OMA使能者的机密性和完整性。
一般地,上述目的通过根据所附的独立权利要求使用IPSec ESP来为基于UDP的OMA使能者提供机密性和完整性的方法、装置、设备和系统来实现。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种在客户机中用于在OMA SEC_CF中在所述客户机和服务器之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的方法。所述方法包括在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对,其中确定业务数据密码算法;通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供一种在服务器中用于在OMA SEC_CF中在客户机和所述服务器之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的方法。所述方法包括在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对,其中确定业务数据密码算法;通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
在示例性实施例中,客户机生成请求消息以传送给服务器,以便发起所述IPSec ESP SA的建立,所述请求消息包含第一SA相关参数集合,所述第一SA相关参数集合包括:由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和所述客户机支持的密码算法的标识符列表。响应于所述请求消息的接收,所述服务器从所述密码算法的标识符的列表中选择所述服务器支持的业务数据密码算法,并且生成响应消息以传送给所述客户机,所述响应消息包含第二SA相关参数集合,所述第二SA相关参数集合包括:由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和选择的密码算法的标识符列表。
在示例性实施例中,响应于所述响应消息的接收,所述客户机生成确认消息以传送给所述服务器,所述确认消息包括第三SA相关参数集合,所述第三SA相关参数集合包含由所述客户机分配的所述接收SPI、所述发送SPI、所述接收UDP端口和所述发送UDP端口,以及在所述响应消息中接收的第二SA相关参数集合。于是,所述服务器检查所述第三SA相关参数集合中的参数是否与所述第一和第二SA相关参数集合中的对应参数相同。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供有关本发明的方法的客户机实体和服务器实体。
通过本发明的方案,可以向基于UDP的OMA使能者提供机密性和完整性机制,从而允许高效地建立ESP SA,并且取消了对共享密钥的需要。此外,通过仅将需要的SA相关参数嵌入到服务访问消息以传递,而非在一般SA建立消息中传递所有SA相关参数,来减少了网络负载业务量。
本领域技术人员应理解,上面仅仅是对以下更详细描述的主题内容的介绍。根据随后详细的描述、所附的从属权利要求以及附图,本发明的其它目的、特点和优点将变得清楚。
一般地,在权利要求中使用的所有术语可以根据在本技术领域中它们的普通含义来解释,除非在其中被明确的限定。所有提及“一/一个/所述[元件、设备、组件、装置、步骤等]”可以开放地解释为所述元件、设备、组件、装置、步骤等的至少一个实例,除非被明确的规定。本文中所公开的任一方法的步骤不必按被公开的精确顺序执行,除非被明确的规定。
附图说明
可以通过结合附图参照以下描述来获得本发明及其特定优点的完整理解,在附图中,相似的标号表示相似的特征,其中:
图1是其中可以实施本发明的OMA SEC_CF体系结构的示意性示图;
图2是流程图,其示出了根据现有技术的一般SA建立过程;
图3是流程图,其示出了根据本发明的一个或多个方面的SA建立过程的例子;
图4是流程图,其示出了根据本发明的一个或多个方面的SA建立过程的另一个例子;
图5是流程图,其示出了根据本发明的一个或多个方面的SA建立过程的又一个例子;以及
图6是示出根据一个实施例的功能实体的示意性功能块图。
具体实施方式
在以下各个示例性实施例的描述中参考附图,附图形成实施例的一部分,并且在附图中通过图解来示出可以实践本发明的各个示例性实施例。应理解,可以使用其它实施例,并且在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可以进行结构上和功能上的修改。
图1示出其中可以实施本发明的OMA SEC_CF体系结构。OMASEC CF的基本结构和操作是根据OMA SEC_CF v1.0的,其通过引用被完全合并在此。由于其对于本领域的技术人员来说是已知的,因此在此仅详细讨论有关本方案的细节。
SECA(安全代理)110和OSG(OMA服务网关)120是功能实体,其可以被集成到OMA使能者体系结构的功能实体中以便提供安全服务。由SECA和OSG支持的OMA使能者以客户机-服务器模型操作。例如,SECA可以被实现在客户机中,而OSG可以被实现在OMA使能者的服务器中。
应用或用户可以通过SECA 110与OMA使能者的请求资源相交互。在用户的情况下,这可以通过用户接口(UI)来实现。SECA可以被实现在移动终端中,其可以包括可拆卸的安全标志(例如(U)SIM/R-UIM)。但是,SECA还可以实现在应用服务器中,而不需要可拆卸的安全标志。通常在SEC_CF中,SECA代表用户来动作,并且SECA中的所有表示符被绑定到用户(订户)身份。
OSG可以为利用SEC_CF的任何请求资源提供在SEC_CF中定义的所有安全服务,例如认证、机密性和完整性保护。OSG可以被集成到利用SEC_CF的资源中中,或者它可以被配置为可以向多个资源提供服务的分开的实体,所述多个资源可以经由OSG达到。
请求资源130可以是OMA使能者的业务提供者,并且在OSG不完全被集成在请求资源中的情况下,请求资源130可以经由接口SEC-3被连接到OSG 120。
SECA 110经由接口SEC-1与OSG 120相接口,OSG 120可以是归属OSG或访问OSG。当前,SEC_CF仅仅支持TCP作为用于SEC-1的传输协议。但是,通过本发明的方案,如果请求资源选择了将以客户机-服务器模型被实现在UDP上的应用特定的协议,那么该协议可以使用通过改进的SEC-1实现的安全机制来保护。但是,关于SECA和OSG的操作细节将稍后参考图6来给出。
现参考图2,其示出根据现有技术的用于IPSec ESP的一般SA建立过程。为了建立一对IPSec ESP SA,在客户机和服务器之间必须传送至少四个通用消息。它们是IKE_SA_INIT请求消息210,IKE_SA_INIT响应消息220,IKE_AUTH请求消息230和IKE_AUTH响应消息240。IKE_SA_INIT请求消息210和IKE_SA_INIT响应消息220主要用于协商在客户机和服务器之间共享的共享密钥SKEYSEED。SKEYSEED是这样的密钥,即从SKEYSEED可以导出用于为业务数据提供安全服务的所有业务数据安全密钥。IKE_AUTH请求消息230和IKE_AUTH响应消息240的主要目的是将用于从共享密钥导出用于为业务数据提供安全服务的业务数据安全密钥的密码算法,以及在客户机和服务器之间执行在传输层的认证。
如以上提到的,由于一般SA建立过程是基于发起者与响应方(即客户机和服务器)彼此陌生的假设而设计的,密钥协商过程必须经由IKE_SA_INIT请求消息和IKE_SA_INIT响应消息来执行。换言之,由于客户机和服务器是陌生者,不存在在客户机和服务器之间预共享的可获得的共享密钥。因此在交换IKE_AUTH请求消息和IKE_AUTH响应消息的交换之前在二者之间传送IKE_SA_INIT请求消息和IKE_SA_INIT响应消息。
当对于服务访问的认证是需要的时,在上述四个消息210_240之后使用CREATE_CHILD_SA请求消息250和CREATE_CHILD_SA响应消息260,以便建立子SA。在RFC 4301和RFC 4306中进一步描述了根据现有技术的通用SA建立过程,RFC 4301和RFC 4306可以分别在http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4301.txt和http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4306.txt处得到,其通过引用被完全合并至此。
由此,在客户机和服务器之间建立了SA对,并且于是可以经由所协商的密码算法从共享密钥SKEYSEED导出业务数据密钥。此后,在该客户机和服务器之间的业务数据传送可以利用所导出的业务数据密钥来保护(表示为270)。
这样,可以看出,对于通用SA建立过程存在六个消息,从而导致对于业务的大量开销。
稍后将参考图4至6描述根据本发明的一个或多个示例性方面的SA建立过程。以下,将使用机密性机制和完整性机制作为意图向业务提供安全服务的一个例子,但是其他类型的安全机制,例如无连接完整性、反重放服务和受限业务流机密性,也是可能的。
本发明的基本思想是业务密钥可以使用适合的密码算法从预共享密钥PSKSECCK导出(稍后将讨论),所述业务数据密钥诸如用于完整性机制的完整性密钥IK和用于机密性机制的加密密钥CK。预共享密钥是于在SA建立过程中需要预共享密钥之前的任何时间,在SECA和OSG之间共享的密钥。在用户侧的IK和CK的导出是在SECA中进行的。在网络侧的IK和CK的导出是在OSG中进行的。
预共享密钥PSKSECCK可以是由某人(例如服务提供商、产品厂商或网络运营商,等等)预先设置的。例如,客户机和服务器可以直接从密钥管理中心(KMC)获得预先设置的PSKSECCK。可替换地和/或附加的,可以作为网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的认证和密钥协商过程(例如,UMTS AKA,IMS AKA,GBA等)的结果而建立预共享密钥PSKSECCK。例如PSKSECCK可以作为GBA过程的结果而获得,GBA过程在“3GPP TS33.220”和“3GPP S.S0109”中详细描述,其分别在http://www.3gpp.org和http://www.3gpp2.org处可以获得。另一个例子是可以从网络接入的认证和密钥协商过程的结果导出PSKSECCK。
传统地,在IPSec ESP中用于完整性机制的密码算法(称为完整性算法)包括,但不限于,HMAC-MD5-96和HMAC-SHA-1-96。应理解,这些完整性算法并不是本发明的关键,并且存在适用于本发明的其它合适的密码算法。如果所选完整性算法是HMAC-MD5-96,那么用于完整性机制的完整性密钥(表示为IKSECCF_ESP)可以从以下导出:
IKSECCF_ESP=HMAC-SHA-256(PSKSECCF,“OMA SECCF IK”),
其中,“OMA SECCF IK”是用于区分完整性密钥与加密密钥的字符串。
如果所选择的完整性算法是HMAC-SHA-1-96,那么可以通过将32个零比特拼接到HMAC-SHA-256(PSKSECCF,“OMA SECCF IK”)的结果的末端以创造160比特的串,而从HMAC-SHA-256(PSKSECCF,“OMASECCF IK”)导出IKSECCF_ESP。
传统的,用于IPSec ESP中的机密性机制的密码算法(此后称为加密算法)包括,但不限于,DES-EDE3-CBC和AES-CBC。应理解,这些加密算法并不是本发明的关键,并且存在适用于本发明的其他加密算法。
如果选择的加密算法是AES-CBC,则用于加密机制的加密密钥(表示为CKSECCF_ESP可以从以下导出:
CKSECCF_ESp=CKtemp=HMAC-SHA-256(PSKSECCF,“OMA SECCF CK”),
其中,“OMA SECCF CK”是用于将加密密钥区分于完整性密钥的字符串。
如果选择的加密算法是DES-EDE3-CBC,则在将奇偶校验比特调整为符合RFC 2451之后,CKSECCF_ESP可以被确定为:
CKSECCF_ESP=CKtemp1||CKtemp2||CKtemp1,
其中,CKtemp1和CKtemp2是从CKtemp划分出的两个64比特的块:CKtemp=CKtemp1||CKtemp2。
图3示出了根据本发明的一个实施例的SA建立过程。在图3的实施例中,步骤310-350可以类似于图2的对应步骤230至270地被执行。可以通过IKE_AUTH请求消息310和IKE AUTH响应消息320来确定完整性和机密性算法的算法组合,该算法组合将被用于从预共享密钥导出用于提供安全服务的业务数据安全密钥。由此,建立了在客户机和服务器之间SA对,并且于是可以经由所确定的完整性和加密算法来从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥(即IKSECCF_ESP和CKSECCF_ESP)。
类似于统一SA建立过程,当对于服务访问的认证是需要的时,可以在以上两消息310至320之后使用CREATE_CHILD_SA请求消息330和CREATE_CHILD_SA响应消息340,以建立子SA。此后,可以通过所导出的IKSECCF_ESP和CKSECCF_ESP来保护在客户机和服务器之间的业务数据。
与图2中示出的通用SA建立过程不同,在本发明的方案中,删除了对应于IKE_SA_INIT请求消息210和IKE_SA_INIT响应消息220。这是因为可以获得如以上已经讨论过的那样的预共享密钥,并将其作为本应该通过对应于通用SA建立过程中的IKE_SA_INIT请求消息210和IKE_SA_INIT响应消息220协商的共享密钥SKEYSEED。在没有共享密钥协商(即IKE_SA_INIT请求消息210和IKE_SA_INIT响应消息220)的情况下,可以减少需要在客户机和服务器之间传送的数据。这特别有利于对业务量敏感的应用和系统,例如按业务量计费的服务和无线通信系统。
现将参考图4和5来详细描述根据本发明的IPSec ESP SA建立过程的其它优选实施例。在图4和5的实施例中,合并的图3的实施例中包含的消息,从而使得SA相关参数被嵌入到服务访问消息中,以便确保在SECA和OSG之间仅传送必要的SA相关参数。
仅包含必要SA相关参数,而非如RFC 4306中规定的通用SA建立过程的消息中的所有SA相关参数的服务访问消息被定义。例如,在本发明中不需要交换如RFC 4306中规定的那样的KEi。由此,可以减少在SECA和OSG之间的开销业务量,并且也可以简化ESP SA建立。
为了发起对于将被用于SECA 401和OSG402之间的业务数据接收和发送的SA对的IPSec ESP SA建立过程,SECA 401生成消息INIT_REQ,并在步骤410将其发送给OSG。
INIT_REQ消息包含以下SA相关参数:
●由SECA分配的SPI(安全参数索引)(即spi_seca_c,spi_seca_s)
●由SECA分配的保护端口(即port_seca_c,port_seca_s)
●SECA支持的完整性和加密算法的标识符的列表(即SECA完整性和加密算法列表).
在块411,为了生成消息INIT_REQ,SECA 401可以定义一对SPI(表示为spi_seca_c和spi_seca_s),这对SPI是唯一的并且区分于被任何现有SA使用的任何SPI。在块411,SECA 401还可以将两个端口与将被建立的IPSec ESP SA中的每一个相关联。对于UDP上的OMA使能者的业务,SECA将在端口port_seca_s(受保护的服务器端口)上接收通过ESP保护的业务数据,并且在端口port_seca_c(受保护的客户机端口)上发通过ESP保护的业务数据。
在接收INIT_REQ消息之后,OSG 402暂时地在本地安全关联数据库(SAD)中存储在在该消息中接收的数据,并且生成INIT_RESP消息作为对消息INIT_REQ的响应。
INIT_RESP消息包含:
●由OSG 402分配的SPI(即,spi_osg_c,spi_osg_s)
●由OSG 402分配的受保护端口(即,port_osg_c,port_osg_s)
●由OSG选择的完整性和加密算法的标识符的列表。
OSG 402可以定义(块421)一对SPI(表示为spi_osg_s,spi_osg_c),该SPI对是唯一的并且区别于从SECA 401接收的任何SPI。OSG还可以将两个端口(表示为port_osg_s和port_osg_c)与将被建立的IPSec ESP SA中的每一个相关联(块421)。对于在UDP上的OMA使能者的业务,OSG将在端口port_osg_s(受保护的服务器端口)上从SECA接收通过ESP保护的业务数据,并且在端口port_osg_c(受保护的客户机端口)上向SECA发送请求和响应。
OSG还可以根据从SECA接收的完整性和加密算法的列表确定将被使用的完整性和加密算法。该确定可以通过这样来进行,即按优先级对OSG本身支持的完整性和加密算法的列表排序,并且选择在OSG本身的算法中的同时被SECA支持的第一算法组合。如果SECA没有在INIT_REQ中推出任何加密算法,或者没有找到被SECA和OSG二者支持的加密算法,则OSG可以根据其对于机密性的安全策略,来选择空加密算法,或中止该过程。
于是,OSG可以在步骤420向SECA发送INIT_RESP消息。之后,OSG于是可以将带有所协商的SA相关参数的新SA对增加到本地SAD中,所协商的SA相关参数包括和spi_seca_c,spi_seca_s,spi_osg_c,spi_osg_s,port_seca_c,port_seca_s,port_osg_c,port_osg_s和OSG所选择完整性和加密算法的标识符列表。
在接收INIT RESP消息之后,SECA可以将带有所协商的新SA对增加到本地SAD中,所协商的SA相关参数包括和spi_seca_c,spi_seca_s,spi_osg_c,spi_osg_s,port_seca_c,port_seca_s,port_osg_c,port_osg_s和OSG所选择完整性和加密算法的标识符列表。
在该例子中,在OSG和SECA之间的认证,即在通常涉及检查IP地址和端口的传输层中的数据原始发送者和接收者认证,重用从中可以获得预共享密钥的认证和密钥协商过程,例如下层网络访问认证。
这样,建立了IPSec ESP SA对。在OSG和SECA两者中,都可以通过所选择的完整性和加密算法从PSKSECCF导出相同的完整性密钥IKSECCF_ESP,并且通过所选择的加密算法从PSKSECCF导出相同的加密密钥CKSECCF_ESP。由此,与SA对关联的业务可以有到ESP完整性和机密性机制的保护。
在本发明的优选实施例中,将被发送给SECA的INIT_RESP消息的内容,除去OSG所选择的完整性和加密算法的标识符列表之外,可以利用完整性密钥和加密密钥通过完整性和加密算法来保护(如块423所示)。这意味着OSG必须在发送INIT_RESP消息之前获得预共享密钥PSKSECCCF。这样,在接收INIT_RESP消息之后,SECA需要首先通过OSG选择的完整性和加密算法利用PSKSECCCF导出完整性密钥IKSECCF_ESP和加密密钥CKSECCF_ESP,并且利用所导出的IKSECCF_ESP和CKSECCF_ESP来解密所接收的INIT_RESP消息。
在OSG和SECA之间的认证不重用认证和密钥协商过程的情况下,OSG可以将认证码(例如RFC 4306中规定的AUTH字段)放入INIT_RESP消息中,从而使得在传输层OSG可以被SECA认证。
优选地,SECA利用包含公共密钥的证书在传输层中认证OSG。这样,诸如RFC 4306中规定的CERT字段和CERTREQ字段的证书相关参数也可以被包括进INIT_RESP消息中。
应注意,在如上所述在传输层中的OSG和SECA之间的互认证可以通过重用认证和密钥协商过程(通过该过程获得预共享密钥)来执行的情况下,不需要将认证码放入INIT_RESP消息中。
在本发明的又一优选实施例中,SECA可以进一步产生ESP_SA_OK消息,以确认成功的SA建立,并且在步骤432将该消息发送给OSG,从而允许避免中间人攻击。ESP_SA_OK消息包括:
●由SECA和OSG分配的SPI(即,spi_seca_c,spi_seca_s,spi_osg_c,spi_osg_s)
●由SECA和OSG分配的端口(即,port_seca_c,port_seca_s,port_osg_c,port_osg_s)
●由OSG选择的完整性和加密算法的标识符列表。
如步骤432所示,利用完整性密钥IKSECCF_ESP和加密密钥CKSECCF_ESP通过完整性和加密函数来保护ESP_SA_OK消息的内容。这意味着,SECA必须在发送该消息之前获得预共享密钥PSKSECCF。
在从SECA接收消息INIT_RESP之后,OSG可以利用在OSG 402中生成的IKSECCF_ESP和CKSECCF_ESP来对消息INIT_RESP的受保护内容来解密(块441)。OSG还检查在消息ESP_SA_OK中接收的所选择完整性和加密算法列表、spi_osg_c、spi_osg_s、port_osg_c和port_osg_s是否与INIT_RESP消息中发送的响应参数相同。OSG进一步检查在消息ESP_SA_OK中接收的spi_seca_c、spi_seca_s、port_seca_c和port_seca_s是否与消息INIT_REQ中接收的那些参数相同。如果这些检测(由块442统一表示)全部成功,则IPSec ESP SA建立。否则,ESP SA建立中止。
在上述实施例中,OSG将认证码(例如RFC 4306中规定的AUTH字段)放入INIT_RESP消息,以允许OSG在传输层中被SECA认证,SECA也可以将认证码(例如RFC 4306中规定的AUTH字段)放入ESP_SA_OK消息中,从而使得SECA可以在传输层中被OSG认证。优选地,OSG利用预共享密钥在传输层中认证SECA。
图5示出了根据本发明的一个或多个方面的SA建立过程的另一优选实施例,其中服务访问认证被嵌入本发明的SA建立过程。服务访问认证被用于质询设备(OSG或SECA)的用户,例如以便确认设备的用户是否是访问由OMA使能者提供的预期服务的合法用户。
在步骤510,SECA将质询随机数(表示为rand_seca)放入INIT_REQ消息中,以针对访问预期服务来认证OSG的用户(成为用户-OSG)。于是,在接收消息INIT_REQ之后,OSG利用如下的散列函数计算(块552)对应于质询随机数rand_seca的质询响应:
resp_osg=HASH(rand_seca,用户-OSG的质询密钥),
其中HASH()表示散列函数,例如MD5、SHA-1、SHA-256;用户的质询密钥是用户用来访问预期服务的口令。质询密钥可以是预共享密钥或其他密钥。
于是,在步骤520,OSG将resp_osg和表示为rand_osg的另一质询随机数放入INIT_RESP消息中,以针对访问预期服务来认证SECA的用户(称为用户-SECA)。在接收消息INIT_RESP之后,SECA检查(块532)所接收的resp_osg是否正确,利用如下散列函数来计算(块533)对应于质询随机数rand_osg的质询响应(表示为resp_seca):
resp_seca=HASH(rand_osg,用户-SECA的质询密钥)。
于是,在步骤530,对应于第二质询随机数的第二质询响应被放入ESP_SA_OK消息中。在接收消息ESP_SA_OK之后,OSG检查(块541)所接收的resp_osg是否正确。
由此,相对于图2的通用SA建立过程中对于CREATE_CHILD_SA请求消息和CREATE_CHILD_SA响应消息的需要,可以高效地执行服务访问认证。
现参考图6来描述其中可以实现本发明的一个或多个实施例的功能实体600的示意性功能块图。尽管在图3至5中示出的实施例的上述描述中,SECA被当做客户机-服务器模型中的客户机实体,而OSG被当做服务器实体,本领域的技术人员应认识到,OSG可以被当做客户机实体而SECA可以被当做服务器实体,这是因为SA建立过程可以被SECA或OSG发起。这样,在本发明的相关安全功能的角度上来说,OSG和SECA的功能块石相同的。因此,图6中示出的示意性功能块适用于SECA和OSG两者,差别仅仅在于不同的配置。
如图6所示,功能实体600具有SA建立块640,其负责SA建立过程的操作。具体地,块640包括负责协商合适的密码算法(310,320;410,420,421,422;510,520,521)的子块641;负责定义例如SPI和端口的SA相关参数(411,421;511,521)的子块642。块640具有关联存储器644,例如RAM存储器、ROM存储器、EEPROM存储器、闪速存储器或其任意结合。存储器644用于SA建立块的各种目的,其中一个是存储SAD 645,SAD 645中的每一条目定义与一个SA相关联的参数。每一SA在SAD中具有一个条目。对于每一SA,SAD可以维持(但不限于)以下数据项:
-SA的双方选择的SPI,以用于唯一的识别SA
-为将通过ESP使用的安全服务协商的ESP算法、密钥等等。例如OSG选择的完整性和加密算法的标识符列表,以及完整性密钥IKSECCF_ESP和加密密钥CKSECCF_ESP。
-IPSec协议模式:隧道或传输,其指示应用于该SA上的业务的ESP模式。
-将被通过用于该SA上的业务的ESP使用的UDP端口。
在需要传输层中的互认证的情况下,块640还包括子块643,其负责如上所述的互认证操作。应用块610处理OMA使能者提供的传统应用的各个方面,例如汇聚的IP消息传输。应用的业务数据,例如接收和通告到来的呼叫、生成和转发呼出的呼叫,被传递到IPSec ESP块630,以用于提供完整性和机密性保护(350,440,540)。块630还可以如上所述,提供对SA建立过程中涉及的数据的完整性和机密性保护(423,431,432;523,531,534,541)。
在服务访问认证被嵌入到SA建立过程中的情况下,功能实体600还具有服务访问认证块620,其用于如上所述结合SA建立过程来处理对服务访问的质询,例如生成质询随机数、对质询进行响应,以及检查质询响应(522,532)。
PSK获得块650负责获得预共享密钥,并且将预共享密钥提供给密钥生成块660以通过由SA建立块640协商的算法来导出完整性密钥IKSECCF_ESP和加密密钥CKSECCF_ESP。如以上讨论的,预共享密钥可以作为预先设置的密钥从KMC得到,或者通过在网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的重用认证和密钥协商过程(例如UMTS AKA,IMS AKA,GBA等)来导出。
功能实体还具有接收和发送块670,其负责接收和发送包含有关SA建立的参数的消息和业务数据。
可以用数字电路、计算机硬件、固件、软件或它们的组合来实现在此描述的各种技术的实现方式。实现方式可以被实现为计算机程序产品,即在信息载体(例如机器可读存储设备或传播信号)中有形地实现的计算机程序,以由数据处理装置(例如可编程处理器、计算机或多台计算机)执行,或控制所述数据处理装置的操作。计算机程序(例如上述计算机程序)可以用包括编译或解释语言的任意形式的编程语言写成,并且可以以任意形式(包括单机程序或模块、组件、子程序、或适合于在计算环境中使用的其它单元)而被配置。计算机程序可以被配置为被执行在一台计算机上或被执行在处于一个站或分布式穿过多个站的并且由通信网络相互连接的多台计算机上。
可以由执行计算机程序的一个或多个可编程处理器,例如任何商业可获得的CPU(中央处理器)和DSP(数字信号处理器),来执行方法步骤,以通过对输入数据进行操作并生成输出来执行功能。方法步骤还可以由专用逻辑电路(例如FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)或ASIC(专用集成电路))来执行,并且装置可以被实现为专用逻辑电路。
此外,可以提供存储介质,其包括所存储的指令,当由控制器或处理器执行所述指令时,其可以导致控制器704或其它控制器或处理器执行上述功能或任务中的一个或多个。
虽然如在此所述的已经解释说明了所述实现方式的特定特征,但对于本领域技术人员,现将出现很多修改、替换、改变和等同。因此,应理解,所附权利要求意欲覆盖落入各种实施例的真实精神内的所有这样的修改和改变。
Claims (50)
1.一种在客户机中用于在OMA SEC_CF中在所述客户机和服务器之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的方法,包括:
在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对,其中确定业务数据密码算法;
通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及
利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中,建立所述IPSec ESP SA对包括:
生成请求消息以传送给服务器,以便发起所述IPSec ESP SA的建立,所述请求消息包含第一SA相关参数集合,所述第一SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
所述客户机支持的密码算法的标识符列表;以及
从所述服务器接收包含第二SA相关参数集合的响应消息,所述第二SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
选择的密码算法的标识符列表。
3.根据权利要求2的方法,其中建立所述IPSec ESP SA对进一步包括:
响应于所述响应消息的接收,生成确认消息以传送给所述服务器,所述确认消息包括第三SA相关参数集合,所述第三SA相关参数集合包含由所述客户机分配的所述接收SPI、所述发送SPI、所述接收UDP端口和所述发送UDP端口,以及在所述响应消息中接收的第二SA相关参数集合。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中建立所述IPSec ESP SA对进一步包括:
将第一质询随机数嵌入所述请求消息以针对服务访问来认证所述服务器;
检查在所述响应消息中从所述服务器接收的第一质询响应;以及
将与在所述响应消息中从所述服务器接收的第二质询随机数对应的第二质询响应嵌入到所述确认消息中。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项的方法,其中所述预共享密钥是预先设置的。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项的方法,其中所述预共享密钥是通过重用在网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的认证和密钥协商过程的结果而获得的。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述认证和密钥协商包括UMTS AKA、IMS AKA和GBA中的任何一个。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述安全服务包括完整性保护盒机密性保护。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述在UDP上的业务是OMA使能者汇聚的IP消息传输的业务。
10.一种在服务器中用于在OMA SEC_CF中在客户机和所述服务器之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的方法,包括:
在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对,其中确定业务数据密码算法;
通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及
利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其中,所述建立所述IPSec ESP
SA对包括:
从所述客户机接收请求消息,以便发起所述IPSec ESP SA的建立,所述请求消息包含第一SA相关参数集合,所述第一SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
所述客户机支持的密码算法的标识符列表;以及
响应于所述请求消息的接收,从所述密码算法的标识符的列表中选择所述服务器支持的业务数据密码算法;以及
生成响应消息以传送给所述客户机,所述响应消息包含第二SA相关参数集合,所述第二SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
选择的密码算法的标识符列表。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中建立所述IPSec ESP SA对进一步包括:
从所述客户机接收响应于所述响应消息的确认消息,所述确认消息包括第三SA相关参数集合,所述第三SA相关参数集合包含由所述客户机分配的所述接收SPI、所述发送SPI、所述接收UDP端口和所述发送UDP端口,以及在所述响应消息中接收的第二SA相关参数集合;以及
检查所述第三SA相关参数集合中的参数是否与所述第一和第二SA相关参数集合中的对应参数相同。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中建立所述IPSec ESP SA对进一步包括:
接收由所述客户机针对服务访问认证嵌入到所述请求消息中的第一质询随机数;
将第一质询响应与将用于服务访问认证的第二质询随机数一起嵌入到所述响应消息中;以及
检查与所述第二质询随机数对应的从所述确认消息接收的第二质询响应。
14.根据权利要求10至13中任意一项的方法,其中所述预共享密钥是预先设置的。
15.根据权利要求10至13中任意一项的方法,其中所述预共享密钥是通过重用在网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的认证和密钥协商过程的结果而获得的。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中所述认证和密钥协商包括UMTS AKA、IMS AKA和GBA中的任何一个。
17.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述安全服务包括完整性保护盒机密性保护。
18.根据权利要求10的方法,其中所述在UDP上的业务是OMA使能者汇聚的IP消息传输的业务。
19.一种用于在OMA SEC_CF中在客户机和所述服务器之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的方法,包括:
在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立一对IPSec ESP SA,其中确定业务数据密码算法,其中
所述客户机生成请求消息以传送给服务器,以便发起所述IPSec ESP SA的建立,所述请求消息包含第一SA相关参数集合,所述第一SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述客户机为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
所述客户机支持的密码算法的标识符的列表;
响应于所述请求消息的接收,所述服务器从所述密码算法的标识符的列表中选择所述服务器支持的业务数据密码算法,并且生成响应消息以传送给所述客户机,所述响应消息包含第二SA相关参数集合,所述第二SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述服务器为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
选择的密码算法的标识符列表;
通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及
利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述响应消息的至少一部分,除去选择的密码算法的标识符列表之外,被所述安全服务通过选择的业务数据密码算法利用从所述预共享密钥导出的业务数据安全密钥来保护。
21.根据权利要求20的方法,其中建立所述IPSec ESP SA对进一步包括:
响应于所述响应消息的接收,所述客户机生成确认消息以传送给所述服务器,所述确认消息包括第三SA相关参数集合,所述第三SA相关参数集合包含由所述客户机分配的所述接收SPI、所述发送SPI、所述接收UDP端口和所述发送UDP端口,以及在所述响应消息中接收的第二SA相关参数集合;以及
所述服务器检查所述第三SA相关参数集合中的参数是否与所述第一和第二SA相关参数集合中的对应参数相同。
22.根据权利要求4的方法,其中建立所述IPSec ESP SA对进一步包括:
所述客户机将第一质询随机数放入所述请求消息以针对服务访问来认证所述服务器;
所述服务器计算对应于所述第一质询随机数的第一质询响应,并且将第一质询响应与将用于针对访问所述业务来认证所述客户机的第二质询随机数一起嵌入到所述响应消息中,以及
所述客户机检查来自所述服务器的第一质询响应,计算对应于所述第二质询随机数的第二质询响应,并且将对应于所述第二质询随机数的第二质询响应嵌入到所述确认消息中。
23.根据权利要求19至22中任意一项的方法,其中所述预共享密钥是预先设置的。
24.根据权利要求19至22中任意一项的方法,其中所述预共享密钥是通过重用在网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的认证和密钥协商过程的结果而获得的。
25.根据权利要求24的方法,其中所述认证和密钥协商包括UMTS AKA、IMS AKA和GBA中的任何一个。
26.根据权利要求19的方法,进一步包括所述客户机和所述服务器通过重用这样的认证和密钥协商过程来彼此认证,其中所述预共享密钥是从所述认证和密钥协商过程中获得的。
27.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述安全服务包括完整性保护盒机密性保护。
28.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述客户机是SECA,并且所述服务器是OSG。
29.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述客户机是OSG,并且所述服务器是SECA。
30.根据权利要求19的方法,其中所述在UDP上的业务是OMA使能者汇聚的IP消息传输的业务。
31.一种用于在OMA SEC_CF中在客户机实体和服务器实体之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的客户机实体,包括:
PSK获得装置,其被配置为获得预共享密钥;
SA建立装置,其被配置为在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对从而确定业务数据密码算法;
密钥生成装置,其被配置为通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从所述预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及
IPSec ESP装置,其被配置为利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
32.根据权利要求31的客户机实体,其中所述SA建立装置被进一步配置为:
生成请求消息以传送给服务器实体,以便发起所述IPSec ESPSA的建立,所述请求消息包含第一SA相关参数集合,所述第一SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述客户机实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述客户机实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
所述客户机实体支持的密码算法的标识符列表;以及
从所述服务器实体接收包含第二SA相关参数集合的响应消息,所述第二SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述服务器实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述服务器实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
选择的密码算法的标识符列表。
33.根据权利要求32的客户机实体,其中所述SA建立装置进一步被配置为:
响应于所述响应消息的接收,生成确认消息以传送给所述服务器,所述确认消息包括第三SA相关参数集合,所述第三SA相关参数集合包含由所述客户机分配的所述接收SPI、所述发送SPI、所述接收UDP端口和所述发送UDP端口,以及在所述响应消息中接收的第二SA相关参数集合。
34.根据权利要求33的客户机实体,其中所述SA建立装置进一步被配置为:
将第一质询随机数嵌入所述请求消息以针对服务访问来认证所述服务器实体;
检查在所述响应消息中从所述服务器接收的第一质询响应;以及
将与在所述响应消息中从所述服务器接收的第二质询随机数对应的第二质询响应嵌入到所述确认消息中。
35.根据权利要求31至34中任意一项的客户机实体,其中所述预共享密钥是预先设置的。
36.根据权利要求31至34中任意一项的客户机实体,其中所述PSK获得装置被配置为通过重用在网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的认证和密钥协商过程的结果而获得所述预共享密钥。
37.根据权利要求36的客户机实体,其中所述认证和密钥协商包括UMTS AKA、IMS AKA和GBA中的任何一个。
38.根据权利要求31的客户机实体,其中所述客户机实体是SECA。
39.根据权利要求31的客户机实体,其中所述客户机实体是OSG。
40.根据权利要求31的客户机实体,其中所述在UDP上的业务是OMA使能者汇聚的IP消息传输的业务。
41.一种在OMA SEC_CF中用于在客户机实体和服务器实体之间向UDP上的业务提供安全服务的服务器实体,包括:
PSK获得装置,其被配置为获得预共享密钥;
SA建立装置,其被配置为在没有共享密钥协商的情况下建立IPSec ESP SA对,从而确定业务数据密码算法;
密钥生成装置,其被配置为通过所确定的业务数据密码算法从所述预共享密钥导出业务数据安全密钥;以及
IPSec ESP装置,其被配置为利用业务数据安全密钥通过IPSec ESP的使用向所述业务数据提供安全服务。
42.根据权利要求41的服务器实体,其中,所述SA建立装置被进一步配置:
从所述客户机接收请求消息,以便发起所述IPSec ESP SA的建立,所述请求消息包含第一SA相关参数集合,所述第一SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述客户机实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述客户机实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
所述客户机实体支持的密码算法的标识符列表;以及
响应于所述请求消息的接收,从所述密码算法的标识符列表中选择所述服务器实体支持的业务数据密码算法;以及
生成响应消息以传送给所述客户机实体,所述响应消息包含第二SA相关参数集合,所述第二SA相关参数集合包括:
由所述服务器实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收SPI和发送SPI,
由所述服务器实体为所述IPSec ESP SA对分配的接收UDP端口和发送UDP端口,和
选择的密码算法的标识符列表。
43.根据权利要求42的服务器实体,其中所述SA建立装置被进一步配置为:
从所述客户机接收响应于所述响应消息的确认消息,所述确认消息包括第三SA相关参数集合,所述第三SA相关参数集合包含由所述客户机分配的所述接收SPI、所述发送SPI、所述接收UDP端口和所述发送UDP端口,以及在所述响应消息中接收的第二SA相关参数集合;以及
检查所述第三SA相关参数集合中的参数是否与所述第一和第二SA相关参数集合中的对应参数相同。
44.根据权利要求43的客户机实体,进一步包括:
响应于从所述请求消息接收第一质询随机数,计算对应的第一质询响应并将其嵌入到所述请求消息中;
将第二质询随机数嵌入所述响应消息,以针对服务访问认证所述客户机实体;以及
检查与所述第二质询随机数对应的从所述确认消息接收的第二质询响应。
45.根据权利要求41至44中任意一项的服务器实体,其中所述预共享密钥是预先设置的。
46.根据权利要求41至44中任意一项的服务器实体,其中所述预共享密钥是通过重用在网络控制层或网络应用层或网络传输层中的认证和密钥协商过程的结果而获得的。
47.根据权利要求46的服务器实体,其中所述认证和密钥协商包括UMTS AKA、IMS AKA和GBA中的任何一个。
48.根据权利要求41的服务器实体,其中所述服务器实体是SECA。
49.根据权利要求41的服务器实体,其中所述服务器实体是OSG。
50.根据权利要求41的服务器实体,其中所述在UDP上的业务是OMA使能者汇聚的IP消息传输的业务。
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WO2009117844A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
EP2272235B1 (en) | 2018-05-30 |
US8639936B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
CN101981885B (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
US20110016314A1 (en) | 2011-01-20 |
EP2272235A4 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
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