CN101966604B - Method for composite machining of blisk flow passage - Google Patents
Method for composite machining of blisk flow passage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aircraft engines, and discloses a method for the composite machining of a blisk flow passage. The method is a numerical control machining method of selecting the adaptive machining strategy based on regional characteristics. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) dividing a machining region; and (2) selecting the adaptive numerical control machining strategy based on the regional characteristics. In the method, a rough slotting numerical control machining method of combining milling, drilling milling and slotting milling of a cycloid is adopted, so that a medial cambered surface is approximate to a curved surface of a blade profile, and the boundary contour and the optimal cutter-axis vector of a rough machining region in a channel are determined. The method has the advantages that the machining method of region division and cutting-in changing enhances the rigidity and machining stability of blades; a process method of combining the milling and slotting milling of the cycloid improves the durability of cutters and the removal rate of materials; and the vibration phenomenon in the rough machining process is prevented effectively, the cutting force is reduced, the movement space of the cutters is expanded farthest, and the machining efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aero engine technology field, is a kind of numerical-control processing method based on provincial characteristics selection adaptability Processing Strategies, can be used for industrial products processing such as blisk, impeller class, particularly a kind of method of runner of blisk Compound Machining.
Background technology
Blisk class part shaping from rough forging to final part needs to remove a large amount of excess stocks.The runner of blisk zone is made up of the space free curved surface, and the runner zone holds the cutter narrow space, blade rigid is poor, and blisk had adopted full blade groove to mill the conventional method of processing in the past; Tool wear is serious, and processing conditions is poor, and milling depth (Ap) can not surpass the half the of milling cutter diameter at most; Because blisk class part runner regional structure is complicated; Cutter shaft changes violent, has to adopt multi-shaft interlocked processing mode, and process should not be controlled.
Summary of the invention
To runner of blisk processing prior art problems, the present invention provides a kind of method of runner of blisk Compound Machining.The inventive method is selected adaptive digital control processing strategy based on the provincial characteristics of leaf dish runner; Adopt the cycloid milling, bore and mill and insert and mill compound thick fluting numerical-control processing method; Cutter axially expires by prior art that tangential thickening degree cutting is changed in the sword cutting, side milling processing (resistance to cutting is merely about half of full sword cutting) is changed in facing cut processing; Cambered surface is approached the blade profile curved surface in the utilization; And then the boundary profile and the best generating tool axis vector in definite passage roughing zone, through connecting the corresponding points on cutter heart trajectory and the cutter shaft drive wire, planning is inserted and is milled, bores and mill and cycloid milling cutter track.
Cycloid Milling Process mode is a kind of rough machining method with processing runner of blisk zone near closed hollow ring of high material removing rate, compares with traditional milling method, mills process tool and can walk circular trace along the runner between the blade.Along with the variation of the width between the blade of runner zone, the diameter of circular trace is also in continuous adjustment, and corresponding Milling Force and milling amount are also being adjusted in time and changed, and this processing mode becomes a kind of accurately machined near closed hollow ring rough machining method that has.The cycloid milling cutter is always the side edge milling, has made full use of the less advantage of side edge milling cutting drag.
It is on the basis that cutter vector controlled direction is confirmed that middle cambered surface is inserted the milling cutter Trajectory Design; For eliminating the interference of adjacent blades; Guarantee to remove material equably as far as possible, designed the new technology that middle cambered surface drives, through the middle cambered surface between the structure adjacent blades; Guarantee to insert the milling cutter track and on vertical view, see it is straight line, generated three, four succinct, as the to optimize slotting procedures that mill through this linear drives.
Opposed slot mills mode, and the cycloid milling cutter is less, and cutter overhangs unsuitable long; For improving the rigidity of cutter; Cutter overhangs 5-6 that length generally is no more than tool diameter doubly, and the cycloid milling depth confirms thereupon, exceed cycloid milling depth part then adopt in cambered surface insert the miller process.
The present invention is based on the design feature in runner of blisk zone, mill, insert the characteristics of milling in conjunction with cycloid milling, brill, the geometric properties information in full use runner zone is divided machining area, selects the digital control processing strategy, formulates processing technology.
Concrete processing method comprises the machining area division, selects two basic steps of adaptability digital control processing strategy based on provincial characteristics:
Step 1: machining area is divided:
Leaf dish runner zone is meant the semiclosed zone of being made up of the leaf basin of the blade back of wheel hub surface, blade and adjacent blades.According to the design feature in runner zone, as shown in Figure 1, be divided into 3 zones: Delta Region, left side, Delta Region, right side and intermediate flow channel zone.The left and right side Delta Region belongs to half opening character zone; Receive the constraint between the runner profile less; The spatial movement scope of process tool is relatively large; The left and right side Delta Region confirms that remaining leaf dish runner zone, back forms the intermediate flow channel zone automatically, and the intermediate flow channel zone is divided into interior half runner zone and outer half runner zone again, confirms that specifically method and technological parameter are following:
1. tool diameter D=blade profile spacing * coefficient (1.5～2.5).
2. blade profile safe distance=allowance+margin of safety (0.2～0.3mm).
3. blade profile safety clearance: confirm according to allowance, more than or equal to allowance.
4. confirm the Delta Region: as shown in Figure 1, utilize cad model, on vertical plane,
(1) confirms the blade back of adjacent blades and the edge projection outline line of leaf basin;
(2) according to slightly opening the runner processing surplus, to the edge wheel profile zone 1～1.5mm that setovers;
(3) set up split between two adjacent blades, divide ruled surface on the split basis, setting up, divide the projection line of ruled surface in confirming;
(4) a bit being the center of circle on middle minute ruled surface projection line; With tool diameter D is diameter; At vertical plane upper drawing circle arc; Make circular arc tangent with the contour projection of the leaf dish of the blade back of blade and adjacent blades respectively, the circular arc zone that forms thus is the view field of Delta Region on vertical plane.
5. confirm the intermediate flow channel zone: the remaining blade passage zone outside the left and right side Delta Region is the intermediate flow channel zone, and the intermediate flow channel zone is divided into interior half zone and outer half zone again.
Step 2: select adaptability digital control processing strategy and procedure of processing based on provincial characteristics:
1. Delta Region processing:
(1) regional characteristics analysis
The main purpose of processing is to remove material to greatest extent, and therefore, what the present invention developed selects adaptability digital control processing strategy when guaranteeing the blade profile shape, to improve working (machining) efficiency based on provincial characteristics.Because roughing is different with accurately machined purpose, therefore, the Processing Strategies that the present invention takes in zones of different is also inequality.This zone belongs to semi-open space, and is little with the blade profile interference range, and the tool motion space is bigger, should adopt the processing of major diameter cutter to remove material here.
(2) choose technological parameter
1) tool diameter: tool diameter D=blade profile spacing X coefficient (1.5～2.5), after calculating, tool diameter D wants round numbers, and the numerical value behind the decimal point is cast out.
2) generating tool axis vector direction: as shown in Figure 2, the ruling of a ruled surface direction vector was the generating tool axis vector direction in middle minute, i.e. cutter shaft controlled motion direction.
3) processing step pitch≤D/6.
4) cutting depth (from the blade tip to the blade root)=length of blade-allowance X1.5.
5) processing mode: fixed axis bores, inserts the mode of milling.
2. outer half of intermediate flow channel zone processing
(1) regional characteristics analysis
The main purpose of processing is to reduce cutting force, and removes this region material expeditiously, and the present invention has taked effective reduction cutting force in this zone, and efficiently removes the cycloid Processing Strategies of material.Zone line belongs to hemi-closure space, and the tool motion space is less, very easily interferes with blade profile, should adopt small-diameter cutter processing to remove material here.
(2) choose technological parameter
1) generating tool axis vector direction
Should guarantee that cutter has the maximum cutter space that holds in the processing, can remove the vane channel material to greatest extent again and do not interfere with blade.As shown in Figure 2, the bus direction vector on middle minute ruled surface is the generating tool axis vector direction, i.e. cutter shaft controlled motion direction.
2) tool diameter D
Control the principle of maximum cutting width according to the blade profile spacing, the size of tool diameter should guarantee to swing enough spaces.Tool diameter D=cutting width-pendulum is wide, and cutter is put the wide 2mm that is greater than between groove, otherwise because the distortion of material in cutting, chip removal is not smooth, and cutter is squeezed and ruptures.Circular blade can be avoided the little tipping of roughing tool, causes cutter to wear and tear fast and scraps.But if the cutter fillet is excessive, the cutter base drag is big during cutting, is prone to also cause that cutter fractures.
3) working depth≤3D.
4) cutting width=blade profile minimum spacing-2 * allowance.
5) step pitch=pendulum is wide.
6) processing mode: fixed axis cycloid milling mode.
3. half zone processing in the intermediate flow channel
(1) regional characteristics analysis
Comparatively speaking, this regional processing conditions is the poorest, and cutter overhangs longer, rigidity a little less than, the space between cutter and the runner blade profile is the narrowest and small, the tool motion space is very limited.The present invention is based on the principle of selecting the adaptability Processing Strategies according to provincial characteristics; For overcoming the above problems; This zone has been selected to insert and has been milled Processing Strategies, and this cutter rigidity that is that mainly the same diameter cutter inserts when milling is best, and can remove this region material expeditiously.Zone line belongs to hemi-closure space, and the tool motion space is less, very easily interferes with blade profile, and the size of cutter selects to have received considerable restraint.
(2) choose technological parameter
1) generating tool axis vector direction
Because this zone blade serious distortion, and the blade distribution is closeer, has limited the range of movement of handle of a knife, so ask the regional extent of cutter axis orientation vector the most key.In order to confirm the regional extent of cutter axis orientation better, invented the method for middle cambered surface definition generating tool axis vector.
Because it is dark to cut scope here, need complete from top to bottom airfoil surface to consider the interference situation, the bus direction vector on middle minute ruled surface is exactly the generating tool axis vector direction, and promptly cutter shaft controlled motion direction is as shown in Figure 2.
In the digital control processing process in runner of blisk zone, cutter axis orientation plays crucial effects, should prevent that cutter head and the knife bar of cutter and part from interfering, and it is the shortest to let cutter stretch into part inside again, has enough rigidity to guarantee cutter.
2) the outstanding profound degree of cutter
Obtaining cutter fully accurately, to stretch into part inside cutter axis orientation the most in short-term in most of the cases be unnecessary; The most important thing is to obtain in the process of whole blisk cutter and stretch into the inner maximum length of part, and maximum length is shortened.
3) tool diameter D=blade profile minimum spacing-2 * allowance-reverse gap (0.5～1.5mm).
4) step pitch=tool diameter D/6.
5) working depth=(1～1.3) D.
6) processing mode: fixed axis is inserted the mode of milling, and for reducing the Tool in Cutting bearing capacity, improves tool life, adopts staggered the inserting of two row's cutter rails to mill processing.
The beneficial effect of the method for a kind of runner of blisk Compound Machining of the present invention: compare with the single processing mode of routine, the process of subregion, change cutting-in has strengthened blade rigid and processing stability, and working (machining) efficiency improves more than 30%; Compare with the single processing mode of routine, cycloid mills, inserts and mill compound process, and tool life has improved more than 3 times, and material removing rate improves more than 2 times; Avoided effectively in the roughing process oscillation phenomenon, reduced cutting force and expanded the tool motion space to greatest extent, improved working (machining) efficiency more than 50%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 divides sketch map for machining area
Fig. 2 is a runner generating tool axis vector direction sketch map
Fig. 3 is a compressor blisk adjacent blades structural representation
Fig. 4 is that the F of Fig. 3 is to view
Divide in the projection line 5 of 1 left side Delta Region projection, 2 right side Delta Region projection, 3 intermediate flow channel region projections, 4 ruled surfaces among the figure and divide ruled surface bus 7 blade profile minimum spacings 8 width of blades 9 length of blade in the ruled surface 6
The specific embodiment
Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, process a compressor blisk, blisk is made up of wheel disc and blade, and material is a titanium alloy, length of blade=60mm, width of blade=50mm, blade profile minimum spacing=10mm, minimum process surplus 1mm.
A kind of method of runner of blisk Compound Machining according to the present invention, concrete procedure of processing is following:
Step 1: machining area is divided:
1. tool diameter D=10 * 2=20mm.
2. blade profile safe distance=1+0.2=1.2mm.
3. blade profile safety clearance=1mm.
4. confirm the Delta Region: as shown in Figure 1, utilize cad model, on vertical plane,
(1) confirms the blade back of adjacent blades and the edge projection outline line of leaf basin;
(2) consider slightly to open the runner processing surplus, to the edge wheel profile zone 1mm that setovers;
(3) set up split between two adjacent blades, on the split basis, set up a middle minute ruled surface 5 that is proximate to it, divide the projection line of ruled surface 5 in confirming;
(4) a bit being the center of circle on middle minute ruled surface 5 projection line; With 20mm is diameter; At vertical plane upper drawing circle arc, make circular arc tangent with the contour projection of the blade back of adjacent blades and leaf dish respectively, the circular arc zone that forms thus is the view field of Delta Region on vertical plane.
5. confirm intermediate flow channel zone 3: the remaining blade passage zone outside Delta Region, left side 1 and the Delta Region, right side 2 is intermediate flow channel zone 3, and intermediate flow channel zone 3 is divided into regional and outer half of the intermediate flow channel zone of half in the intermediate flow channel again.
Step 2: select adaptability digital control processing strategy based on provincial characteristics:
1. Delta Region processing
(1) cutting parameter
1) tool diameter D=10 * 2=20mm.
2) generating tool axis vector direction: as shown in Figure 2, the bus direction vector 6 of middle minute ruled surface 5 is the generating tool axis vector direction.
3) processing step pitch=3mm.
4) cutting depth=58.5mm.
5) processing mode: fixed axis bores, inserts the mode of milling.
2. half zone processing in the intermediate flow channel
(1) technological parameter
1) generating tool axis vector direction
As shown in Figure 2, the bus direction vector 6 on middle minute ruled surface 5 is the generating tool axis vector direction.
2) tool diameter: cutting width is 8mm, and putting wide is 2mm, so tool diameter D=6mm.
3) working depth=18mm.
4) cutting width=8mm.
5) step pitch=2mm.
6) processing mode: fixed axis cycloid milling mode.
3. outer half of intermediate flow channel zone processing
(1) technological parameter
1) generating tool axis vector direction
As shown in Figure 2, the bus direction vector 6 on middle minute ruled surface 5 is the generating tool axis vector direction, i.e. cutter shaft controlled motion direction.
2) the outstanding profound degree=65.83mm of cutter.
3) tool diameter D=7mm.
4) step pitch=1.1mm.
5) working depth=8mm.
6) processing mode: fixed axis is inserted the mode of milling, and adopts staggered the inserting of two row's cutter rails to mill processing.
Through the processing of said method, removed significantly and should remove material between the blade profile of compressor blisk, reduced the cutting force of cutter in the processing, reduced the wearing and tearing of cutter, expanded the tool motion space, improved working (machining) efficiency.
Claims (1)
1. the method for a runner of blisk Compound Machining; It is characterized in that selecting adaptive digital control processing strategy based on the provincial characteristics of runner of blisk, concrete processing method comprises the machining area division, selects two basic steps of adaptability digital control processing strategy based on provincial characteristics:
Step 1: machining area is divided
Leaf dish runner zone is meant the semiclosed zone of being made up of the leaf basin of the blade back of wheel hub surface, blade and adjacent blades; Design feature according to leaf dish runner zone; Be divided into three zones: Delta Region, left side, Delta Region, right side and intermediate flow channel zone; The intermediate flow channel zone is divided into interior half zone and outer half zone again, confirms that specifically method and technological parameter are following;
(1) tool diameter D=blade profile spacing * coefficient, coefficient is 1.5～2.5;
(2) blade profile safe distance=allowance+margin of safety, margin of safety are 0.2～0.3mm;
(3) blade profile safety clearance: confirm according to allowance, more than or equal to allowance;
(4) confirm the Delta Region: utilize cad model, on vertical plane,
1) confirms the blade back of adjacent blades and the edge projection outline line of leaf basin;
2) according to slightly opening the runner processing surplus, to the edge wheel profile zone 1～1.5mm that setovers;
3) set up split between two adjacent blades, divide ruled surface on the split basis, setting up, divide the projection line of ruled surface in confirming;
4) a bit being the center of circle on middle minute ruled surface projection line; With tool diameter D is diameter; At vertical plane upper drawing circle arc; Make circular arc tangent with the contour projection of the leaf dish of the blade back of blade and adjacent blades respectively, the circular arc zone that forms thus is the view field of Delta Region on vertical plane;
(5) confirm the intermediate flow channel zone: the remaining blade passage zone outside the left and right side Delta Region is the intermediate flow channel zone, and the intermediate flow channel zone is divided into interior half zone and outer half zone again;
Step 2: select adaptability digital control processing strategy based on provincial characteristics:
(1) Delta Region processing
It is following to choose technological parameter:
1) tool diameter D=blade profile spacing * coefficient, coefficient is 1.5～2.5, wants round numbers after tool diameter D calculates, the numerical value behind the decimal point is cast out;
2) generating tool axis vector direction: utilize cad model to set up two interlobate splits, divide ruled surface on the split basis, setting up, the ruling of a ruled surface direction vector was the generating tool axis vector direction in middle minute, i.e. cutter shaft controlled motion direction;
3) processing step pitch≤D/6;
4) cutting depth=length of blade-allowance * 1.5
5) processing mode: fixed axis bores, inserts the mode of milling;
(2) the outer half zone processing in intermediate flow channel zone
It is following to choose technological parameter:
1) generating tool axis vector direction: the bus direction vector on middle minute ruled surface promptly is the generating tool axis vector direction, i.e. cutter shaft controlled motion direction;
2) tool diameter D=cutting width-pendulum is wide, puts the wide 2mm that is greater than;
3) working depth≤3D;
4) cutting width=blade profile spacing-2 * allowance;
5) step pitch=pendulum is wide;
6) processing mode: fixed axis cycloid milling mode;
(3) the interior half zone processing in intermediate flow channel zone
It is following to choose technological parameter:
1) generating tool axis vector direction: the bus direction vector on middle minute ruled surface is exactly the generating tool axis vector direction, i.e. cutter shaft controlled motion direction;
3) tool diameter D=blade profile minimum spacing-2 * allowance-reverse the gap, reversing the gap is 0.5～1.5mm;
4) step pitch=tool diameter D/6;
5) working depth=(1～1.3) D;
6) processing mode: fixed axis is inserted the mode of milling, and adopts staggered the inserting of two row's cutter rails to mill processing.
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| CN2010102525877A CN101966604B (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | Method for composite machining of blisk flow passage |
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| CN101966604B true CN101966604B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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