CN101964214B - Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source - Google Patents
Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source Download PDFInfo
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- CN101964214B CN101964214B CN2010102733812A CN201010273381A CN101964214B CN 101964214 B CN101964214 B CN 101964214B CN 2010102733812 A CN2010102733812 A CN 2010102733812A CN 201010273381 A CN201010273381 A CN 201010273381A CN 101964214 B CN101964214 B CN 101964214B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a single-phase moderator natural circulating device applied to a reactor cold neutron source, comprising a shell-pipe type heat exchanger; a pipe-side inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with an outlet of an inner flow channel in an ascending tube and a connecting tube of a moderator storing tank, and a pipe-side outlet thereof is communicated with an inlet of an inner flow channel of a descending tube; a shell-side inlet of the heat exchanger is communicated with a cold source air supply tube and a shell-side outlet thereof is communicated with an inlet of an outer interlayer of the descending tube; an outlet of the inner flow channel of the descending tube is communicated with an inlet of an inner flow channel of a cold bag, an outlet of the outer interlayer of the descending tube is communicated with an inlet of an outer interlayer of the cold bag; an outlet of the inner flow channel of the cold bag is communicated with an inlet of the inner flow channel of the ascending tube, an outlet of the outer interlayer of the cold bag is communicated with an outer interlayer of the ascending tube, and the lower part of the outer interlayer of the ascending tube is communicated with a cold source air return pipe; and the pipe side of the heat exchanger forms a moderator circulating loop with the descending tube, the cold bag and the inner flow channel of the ascending tube, and the cold source air supply tube, the shell side of the heat exchanger, the outer interlayer of the descending tube, the outer interlayer of the cold bag, the outer interlayer of the ascending layer and the cold source air return tube form a refrigerant loop.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that is applied to the reactor cold neutron source, particularly be applied to the single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device of high energy level reactor cold neutron source.
Background technology
Cold neutron is meant one type of neutron that energy cuts off ability 5meV less than the lattice of Be, because the molecular scale of its wavelength and material is close, therefore is widely used in discerning in the neutron scattering experiment of the various structures of matter.Cold neutron source is the device that obtains cold neutron, and its principle of work is that the thermal neutron that makes reactor produce passes moderator, thereby changes neutron spectrum, effectively increases the share of cold neutron.All built the cold neutron source device in external many research reactors at present; The power that China builds voluntarily is a plurality of neutron scatterings duct that the Chinese advanced research reactor (CARR heap) of 60MW also plans to build large-scale cold neutron source and cold neutron application, is used for the identification and the detection of multidisciplinary field micromechanism.
The core system of cold neutron source is the moderator loop, and wherein for single-phase moderator, the moderator natural convection loop is generally by heat interchanger, and Leng Bao and two transfer tubes are formed.Their effect is that the heat that produces owing to moderation of neutrons in the cold bag is transferred to through single-phase Natural Circulation in the heat interchanger at top, takes the heat in the heat interchanger to normal temperature through the refrigeration system that adds again.The advantage of single-phase moderator natural cycle system is without any need for adding driving force, and the thermosyphon effect that only produces through the temperature difference drives, stable and reliable operation, and this requires high reactor system significant for safe reliability.The driving force that but the shortcoming of the single-phase moderator circulation system is a thermosyphon effect to be produced is little, and rate of circulation is low, so exchange capability of heat is less.In practice in the past, the single-phase moderator closed circuit is used for the cold neutron source of low-power output reactor more.For the large reactor as CARR heap, the design of single-phase moderator closed circuit still be one technical barrier to be solved is arranged.
On the other hand, traditional single-phase moderator natural convection loop is directly exposed in the vacuum explosion stack of reactor channel.In case reveal in the moderator loop, moderator will gasify and be full of vacuum tube, because moderator adopts hydrogen more, and deuterium, therefore inflammable working medium such as methane exist certain potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
According to the defective and the deficiency of the above-mentioned state of the art and traditional single phase moderator natural convection loop, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that adapts to the high energy level reactor cold neutron source.
In order to realize above purpose, the present invention takes following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that is applied to the reactor cold neutron source; It is characterized in that; Comprise the Leng Bao of the downtake of a shell and tube exchanger, a padded, a padded, the tedge of a padded; The pipe side entrance of said heat interchanger is communicated with the outlet and the moderator storage tank connecting pipe of tedge inner flow passage, and the pipe side outlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the inlet of the inner flow passage of downtake; The shell-side inlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the low-temperature receiver air supply pipe, and the shell-side outlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the inlet of the outside sandwich of downtake; The inner flow passage outlet of downtake is communicated with the inlet of the inner flow passage of cold bag, and the outside sandwich outlet of downtake is communicated with the outside sandwich inlet of cold bag; The inner flow passage outlet of cold bag is communicated with the inner flow passage inlet of tedge, and the outside sandwich outlet of cold bag is communicated with the outside sandwich of tedge, and the outside sandwich bottom of tedge is communicated with the low-temperature receiver muffler; Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger side and downtake, cold bag, the inner flow passage of tedge constitutes the moderator closed circuit, and the outside sandwich of the shell-side of low-temperature receiver air supply pipe, heat interchanger, the outside sandwich of downtake, cold bag, the outside sandwich of tedge and low-temperature receiver muffler constitute refrigerant loop.
In the such scheme, be positioned at the tedge inner flow passage and export the cecum that the tedge outside sandwich that is communicated with the place with the Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger side entrance has a sealing, the tedge outside sandwich is not communicated with the heat interchanger shell-side.
The upper end of said heat interchanger shell-side and moderator storage tank connecting pipe connect firmly; The cecum of tedge outside sandwich and heat interchanger shell-side connect firmly.
Be covered with the beryllium reflecting body of a upside down funnel shape in the cold side of wrapping, this reflecting body directly is fixed on the bottom of tedge and downtake.
The present invention has following advantage:
At first, the moderator loop is wrapped up by cold-producing medium everywhere, and cold-producing medium flows through the outside sandwich of each section moderator passage; Heat exchange no longer only is confined to heat interchanger so on the one hand; And extend to a plurality of positions, increased heat interchanging area greatly, the cold packet portion of especially concentrating at nuclear heating; The cold-producing medium of outside sandwich can in time be taken away the heat of moderator generation in the cold bag and the heat of all metal walls generation rapidly, will promote the exchange capability of heat of natural cycle system so significantly; Cold-producing medium is wrapped in the moderator skin on the other hand, has formed protective seam one.General cold neutron source adopts helium refrigeration system as low-temperature receiver more, and helium is inert gas, in case there is damage in the moderator loop; Moderator can be leaked to outside sandwich; Helium can dilute moderator concentration, can effectively prevent the generation of exploding, and improves the security of the circulation system.
Secondly; For the cold-producing medium interlayer of rising pipeline section, the outlet of cold-producing medium is not arranged in the tedge top along flow direction, and is arranged on the bottom of tedge; Make the outside sandwich of rising pipeline section become an almost immobilising space of cold-producing medium like this; The purpose of design is to reduce the cooling effect of cold-producing medium to tedge like this, makes the temperature difference that keeps bigger between the moderator in tedge and the downtake with raising round-robin driving force, thereby strengthens exchange capability of heat.And meanwhile almost immobilising cold-producing medium can continue in outside sandwich performance safeguard protection effect.
Further; The metal shell of internal and external channel and pipeline only are connected in two positions of heat interchanger top area among the present invention; And the interior pipe of the lower end of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger side, downtake and the inner housing of cold bag; The lower end of pipe all is a free end in the tedge, they with between the housing of its outside parcel and pipeline, is not fixedly connected, so the housing of inboard and pipeline permission are freely stretched unfettered in certain scope.The reason of design is that cold neutron source is in operation to experience repeatedly and stops the source and increase income the switching of two kinds of different modes like this, and the working temperature of different mode differs several Baidu, and the thermal stress issues that is therefore caused by temperature is very outstanding.Mostly the inner and outer shell of traditional heat interchanger and double-layer coaxial pipeline is through the two ends welding ectonexine structure to be fixed; In case temperature variation is in a big way arranged; Possibly cause bigger tension and compression stress in the part; The fatigue break of material takes place then to be easy to cause repeatedly, and this will produce very big influence to the safety in operation of low-temperature receiver.If can not adequate solution, with producing serious consequence.External loop forms an independent connector separately in of the present invention, only is fixedly connected at the top between inner and outer shell.Interior pipeline can freely stretch in certain scope on phase outer tube road, and this will reduce the stress that traditional fixed connection brings, the security that has effectively improved structure greatly.In possibly producing, manage the problem of in outer tube, shaking and swinging; Can locate fin through increase part on outer wall of inner tube and realize constraint radially; Because radial dimension wants much little with axially comparing, so its change in size is less, the stress of generation is also less.
At last, the present invention is provided with the beryllium reflecting body of upside down funnel shape, the axis projection of the cold bag of covering that the size of reflecting body can be complete near cold position of wrapping end socket in the cold side of wrapping.The effect of this beryllium reflecting body is to stop the neutron in the slowing down bag upwards to be escaped along the vacuum duct.Because scattering takes place with moderator collision back in neutron in moderating process; The direction of scattering is rambling; Because whole cold neutron source is placed in the vertical channel in the reactor, by the heavy water parcel, heavy water is reflected neutron effectively around the duct; And have only the cold side of wrapping on the direction in duct, not have the neutron shield body, the effect of beryllium reflecting body is exactly to shield neutron.Reduce the neutron loss so on the one hand, improve the intensity of neutron streaming, prevent also that on the other hand neutron escape from damaging the experimenter to out-of-pile.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description.
Fig. 1 is the system construction drawing of single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device of the present invention.Among Fig. 1: 1, low-temperature receiver air supply pipe; 2, moderator storage tank connecting pipe; 3, shell and tube exchanger; 4, downtake; 5, beryllium reflecting body; 6, Leng Bao; 7, tedge; 8, low-temperature receiver muffler; 9, tedge outside sandwich cecum; 10, vacuum explosion stack.
Fig. 2 is the flow schematic diagram of moderator and cold-producing medium in the single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device of the present invention.Among Fig. 2, some territory, cloud sector is the flow of refrigerant zone, and the net region is the moderator flow region
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1; Fig. 2; Single-phase moderator circulating device of the present invention comprises the tedge 7 of 6, one padded of cold bag of 4, one padded of downtake of a shell and tube exchanger 3, a padded; The pipe side entrance of heat interchanger is communicated with the outlet and the moderator storage tank connecting pipe 2 of tedge inner flow passage, and the shell-side inlet of heat interchanger is communicated with low-temperature receiver air supply pipe 1; The pipe side outlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the inlet of the inner flow passage of downtake, and the shell-side outlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the inlet of the outside sandwich of downtake; The inner flow passage outlet of downtake is communicated with the inlet of the inner flow passage of cold bag, and the outside sandwich outlet of downtake is communicated with the outside sandwich inlet of cold bag; The inner flow passage outlet of cold bag is communicated with the inner flow passage inlet of tedge, and the outside sandwich outlet of cold bag is communicated with the outside sandwich of tedge, and the outside sandwich bottom of tedge is communicated with low-temperature receiver muffler 8; Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger side and downtake; Cold bag; The inner flow passage of tedge etc. constitutes the moderator closed circuit, and the outside sandwich of moderator closed circuit (outside sandwich of the shell-side of low-temperature receiver air supply pipe, heat interchanger, the outside sandwich of downtake, cold bag, the outside sandwich of tedge) constitutes refrigerant loop with the low-temperature receiver muffler.
Internal layer pipeline and the housing that constitutes the moderator flowing space and the pipeline of outside sandwich and housing are fixedly connected in the heat interchanger top area that (upper end of heat interchanger shell-side and moderator storage tank connecting pipe 2 connect firmly; The cecum 9 and the heat interchanger shell-side of tedge outside sandwich connect firmly), can in outside sandwich pipeline and housing, freely stretch at all the other position internal layer pipelines and housing.The outside sandwich of tedge is the pipe of end sealing, and this pipe top is not communicated with the heat interchanger shell-side, and the bottom is communicated with cold bag outside sandwich outlet and low-temperature receiver muffler.In the cold side of wrapping, be covered with the beryllium reflecting body 5 of a upside down funnel shape, this reflecting body directly is fixed on the bottom of tedge and downtake.
Principle of work of the present invention is following:
In case cold neutron source starts, moderator begins gradually the top of inflow heat exchanger in the storage tank, along the pipe side direction current downflow of heat interchanger, is cooled to liquid gradually by the low-temperature refrigerant of shell-side (being generally helium) simultaneously, flows into cold bag along downtake then.Full of liquid and be cooled to set point of temperature in closed circuit, reactor start-up, thermal neutron stream passes the wall of cold bag and the moderator of Nei Sheng; Bump with moderator; The energy of thermal neutron stream reduces, and changing into the cold neutron is main line, produces a large amount of heat simultaneously.Unbalanced Temperature Distribution drives moderator liquid and produces natural convection in the moderator loop.The low temperature moderator by refrigerant cools in the heat interchanger flows downward, and flows into cold bag through downtake, absorb cold bag heat after, upwards flow into tedge again, finally flow back to heat interchanger and cool off again.For the cold-producing medium that is wrapped in outside the moderator loop, from the shell-side inflow heat exchanger at heat interchanger top, the moderator of cooling tube side; Flow into the outside sandwich of downtake then; Continue the moderator in the cooling tube, flow into outside sandwich and the wall of cold bag and the moderator heat-shift in the cold bag of cold bag again; Mouthful flow back to low-temperature receiver from cold contracting out at last, inflow heat exchanger top again after the low-temperature receiver cooling along the low-temperature receiver muffler.
The outside sandwich of tedge is the pipe of one one end sealing in the present invention, and there is a certain amount of almost immobilising cold-producing medium inside.The purpose of design is both to have guaranteed that the moderator loop everywhere by cold-producing medium parcel, reduced the cooling effect to tedge again, thereby when guaranteeing reactor safety, improve the exchange capability of heat in moderator loop like this.
Another advantage of the present invention is to reduce the fixed connection of inner and outer shell as far as possible; Inner and outer shell is only fixed through the heat interchanger top; Remainder all allows mutual motion among a small circle; So just effectively having reduced big temperature variation causes thermal stress, thereby has improved the security and the serviceable life of system.
In addition, the beryllium reflecting body is set as the neutron shield device, can improves the neutron utilization factor to greatest extent like this, also reduce neutron and escape the harmful effect that causes in the cold side of wrapping.Reflecting body is cemented in the bottom of tedge and downtake, and the heat that reflecting body produces can be taken away by the cold-producing medium in tedge and the downtake through heat conduction.
Claims (4)
1. single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that is applied to the reactor cold neutron source; It is characterized in that; The tedge (7) that comprises the cold bag (6) of the downtake (4) of a shell and tube exchanger (3), a padded, a padded, a padded; The pipe side entrance of said heat interchanger is communicated with the outlet and the moderator storage tank connecting pipe (2) of tedge inner flow passage, and the pipe side outlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the inlet of the inner flow passage of downtake; The shell-side inlet of heat interchanger is communicated with low-temperature receiver air supply pipe (1), and the shell-side outlet of heat interchanger is communicated with the inlet of the outside sandwich of downtake; The inner flow passage outlet of downtake is communicated with the inlet of the inner flow passage of cold bag, and the outside sandwich outlet of downtake is communicated with the outside sandwich inlet of cold bag; The inner flow passage outlet of cold bag is communicated with the inner flow passage inlet of tedge, and the outside sandwich outlet of cold bag is communicated with the outside sandwich of tedge, and the outside sandwich bottom of tedge is communicated with low-temperature receiver muffler (8); The inner flow passage of Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger side and downtake, Leng Bao, tedge constitutes the moderator closed circuit, and the outside sandwich of the shell-side of low-temperature receiver air supply pipe (1), heat interchanger, the outside sandwich of downtake, cold bag, the outside sandwich of tedge and low-temperature receiver muffler (8) constitute refrigerant loop.
2. the single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that is applied to the reactor cold neutron source as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; Be positioned at the tedge inner flow passage and export the cecum that the tedge outside sandwich that is communicated with the place with the Tube Sheet of Heat Exchanger side entrance has a sealing, the tedge outside sandwich is not communicated with the heat interchanger shell-side.
3. the single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that is applied to the reactor cold neutron source as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that the upper end of said heat interchanger shell-side and moderator storage tank connecting pipe connect firmly; The cecum of tedge outside sandwich and heat interchanger shell-side connect firmly.
4. like the arbitrary described single-phase moderator Natural Circulation device that is applied to the reactor cold neutron source of claim 1-3; It is characterized in that; Be covered with the beryllium reflecting body of a upside down funnel shape in the cold side of wrapping, this reflecting body directly is fixed on the bottom of tedge and downtake.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102733812A CN101964214B (en) | 2010-09-06 | 2010-09-06 | Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102733812A CN101964214B (en) | 2010-09-06 | 2010-09-06 | Single-phase moderator natural circulating device for reactor cold neutron source |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101964214A CN101964214A (en) | 2011-02-02 |
| CN101964214B true CN101964214B (en) | 2012-07-04 |
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| JP5608832B2 (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2014-10-15 | ニール マン、 | Reactor control method and apparatus |
| CN102280155A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2011-12-14 | 华北电力大学 | Non-passive water level control and residual heat removal device of spent fuel storage pool |
| CN102831941B (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-04-15 | 华北电力大学 | 0-shaped lead-bismuth heat exchange device |
| CN102820067B (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2015-04-15 | 华北电力大学 | Natural circulation heat exchanger for discharging waste heat of supercritical water reactor |
| RU2530878C1 (en) * | 2013-04-09 | 2014-10-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова" (ФГБУ "ПИЯФ") | Method of generating cold neutrons |
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| JPH0227299A (en) * | 1988-07-18 | 1990-01-30 | Nkk Corp | Liquid control method of moderating vessel of cold neutron source device |
| JP2002207100A (en) * | 2001-01-11 | 2002-07-26 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | Ship-bottom-shaped moderator container for cold neutron source device |
| CN1288667C (en) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-12-06 | 西安交通大学 | A moderator condenser using in vertical pore path of reactor cold neutron source |
| CN101546611B (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-07-27 | 西安交通大学 | Neutron moderation bag for single-phase moderator circulation |
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