CN101963634B - Integrated optical isolation lightning electric field measurement apparatus - Google Patents
Integrated optical isolation lightning electric field measurement apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101963634B CN101963634B CN2010102901748A CN201010290174A CN101963634B CN 101963634 B CN101963634 B CN 101963634B CN 2010102901748 A CN2010102901748 A CN 2010102901748A CN 201010290174 A CN201010290174 A CN 201010290174A CN 101963634 B CN101963634 B CN 101963634B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an integrated optical isolation lightning electric field measurement apparatus, which integrates the measurement of fast change and slow change of a lightning electric field. The measurement apparatus mainly comprises an electric field receiving antenna, a signal conditioning circuit, an optical transmitter, an all-dielectric optical cable, an optical receiver and a signal acquisition and real-time processing terminal. The signal conditioning circuit and the optical transmitter are integrated to realize signal acquisition and photoelectric conversion and transmit an optical signal through the all-dielectric optical cable. The entire conditioning circuit and the optical transmitter are closed in a flat metal cylindrical box, and have high electromagnetic interference resistance. The optical receiver converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal which is subjected to compensation, correction and amplification and then output to a recording apparatus. A signal of which the change (slow change or fast change) is not measured is inverted by a system function inversion method according to a certain change (fast change or slow change) signal of the measured electric field. Apart from simple structure and small volume, the integrated optical isolation lightning electric field measurement apparatus, which adopts optical fiber transmission and is powered by lithium batteries, has the advantages of high reliability, high adaptability, high electromagnetic interference resistance, adjustable dynamic range of measurement and high precision.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electric field change measurement mechanism, especially for the measurement of (containing induction field and Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse field) of electric field full detail under the thunder and lightning situation.
Two, background technology
Current society; Along with improving constantly and widespread use of microelectronic component integrated level; The thunder and lightning disaster is more and more serious to the threat of people's production, the formation of living; Even directly be not struck by lightning, the Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse that is formed by the electromagnetic radiation of thunder discharge electric current can be damaged electronics, electrical equipment and system in the lightning strike spot 2km scope.So the measurement Research to electric field in the thunder and lighting has great significance.About measuring the instrument of thunder and lightning electric field, can trace back to nineteen sixty, the variation that Kitagawa and Brook has proposed to adopt the electric field change appearance of two kinds of different time constants to write down the lightning electric field first, Here it is " soon ", the origin of " slowly " electric field change appearance.Until Arthur A Few in 1974 at U. S. application electric field change appearance patent.In decades afterwards, though electric field change appearance warp repeatedly improves, its ultimate principle and structure are used till today always, still are divided into fast changing electric field measuring instrument of lightning and the slow changing electric field measuring instrument of lightning.Obviously, the measurement result of fast changing electric field appearance mainly reflects the time domain specification of Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse, causes that for the thunder discharge process the slow variation of the ground induction field that the electric charge redistribution is caused between cloud ground can not reflect basically; And slow changing electric field appearance can reflect the variation of ground induction field and the trend that the Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse field changes slowly well, but can not fully reflect the fast details that changes of electric field.
Measure ground electric field respectively with fast, slow two kinds of electric field instruments; Brought trouble also for the setting of postsignal acquisition and recording equipment; Owing to measure the mutual restriction of bandwidth and measuring amplitude variation range; Have to adopt respectively two cover acquisition and recording systems to accomplish, increased the complexity of system thus.In addition, electric field instrument adopts Alternating Current Power Supply, cable transmission signal, and the dependence of civil power has been reduced the adaptive faculty of equipment, and power supply is also introduced the interference in the external world easily with signal transmission line; Whole electric field instrument volume is bigger, brings difficulty to system calibrating, moves also inconvenient.
This invention proposes to the above-mentioned defective of fast, slow two kinds of electric field instruments just.
Three, summary of the invention
The present invention integrates fast, the slow measure of the change of thunder and lightning electric field, and a thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus can be accomplished the measurement of (containing induction field and Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse field) of measurement point electric field full detail under the thunder and lightning situation.
The present invention is that a kind of futuramic integrated light is isolated the thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus, mainly forms (seeing accompanying drawing 1) by electric field receiving antenna, signal conditioning circuit, optical sender, nonconductive optical fiber cable, photoreceiver and signals collecting and real-time processing terminal.
Antenna part adopts circular metal plate (area is S), and signal conditioning circuit and optical sender place compact conformation, shield in the perfect casing through integrated design.On the shield shell through easily detachable syndeton supporting antenna plectane.Syndeton guarantees to insulate between antenna and housing, and through heart yearn signal is introduced inner modulate circuit.Constitute antenna capacitance C between circular metal plate and shield shell
aConstitute discharge loop by resistance R and capacitor C in the shield shell, discharge time constant τ=RC, and C＞＞C
a
For traditional fast, slow antenna, the numerical value through adjustment R, C makes the duration (T) of time constant much larger than the lightning incident of being concerned about usually, thereby can on the different time yardstick, reflect the electric field change of discharge process comparatively truly, promptly
T＜＜τ(2)
In the formula (1), Δ U is an output voltage, and Δ E is an electric field change, and ε is airborne specific inductive capacity.Establishment condition is formula (2), also can be described as time constraint condition.
In the present invention, utilize system function to obtain the conversion method between different time constant antenna, can pass through the terminal real-time handler like this, make the selection of time constant no longer receive the restriction of time constraint condition, be specially:
When satisfying formula (2), still adopt formula (1) can obtain true electric field change waveform; For what do not satisfy condition, reduce according to formula (3):
And, can obtain the fast waveform that changes under the corresponding conditions through the fast measure of the change ssystem transfer function of expressing by formula (4) for of the configuration of survey signal for changing slowly:
τ then is the time constant of fast measure of the change system here.
Signal condition partly is the input stage before the optical sender.The FET of selecting the high resistant input for use in order to avoid the timeconstant in input end RC loop is exerted an influence, also helps reducing noise as the input stage amplifier part.The optical sender part is changed three parts by signal non-linear compensation, amplification and electric light and is formed.The nonlinear compensation of signal is then passed through the non-linear realization of analogue amplifier spare; Adopt the FET opposite that signal is amplified with the electro-optical conversioning device transport property; Can in amplifying signal, carry out precorrection, thereby reduce the nonlinear distortion of system total system.Signal adopts amplitude modulation(PAM), changes light signal output into by the electric light diode.The external nonconductive optical fiber cable of output port has realized that the light of signal transmission is isolated.And the present invention is with light shielding system transmission electric field simulation signal, and the photoelectric device of being selected for use must low noise and possessed the better linearity degree.
Photoreceiver, signals collecting and processing terminal place in the sight chamber, and the signal that photoreceiver comes Optical Fiber Transmission is done light-to-current inversion after cable sends the signal acquisition process terminal to.The high-speed high capacity signal collecting device is adopted at the signal acquisition process terminal, and signal can provide the fast variable signal or the slow-changing signals of thunder and lightning electric field arbitrarily through handling in real time.Whole electric field measuring apparatus full-size is no more than 15cm.
The present invention compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is:
1, the measurement of thunder and lightning electric field is accomplished by a thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus and a cover signal acquisition process terminal.Can provide simultaneously that ground electric field changes time domain waveform soon and changes time domain waveform slowly under the thunder and lightning condition.
2, the plectane antenna removal is convenient, can change antenna capacitance value C through the antenna of changing different area
aChange the sensitivity of electric field measuring apparatus.
3, selecting for use of signal input stage RC no longer receives the restriction that time constraint condition is formula (2); The not only field strength measurement scope and the sensitivity of Adjustment System as required; And can change waveform soon or change between the waveform slowly and make a choice measuring electric field, the electric field of not choosing changes waveform slowly or changes waveform soon and then adopts measurement result to pass through the ssystem transfer function inverting to obtain.
4, the thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus is made up of discoideus antenna and oblate cylindricality shielding instrument box (including modulate circuit and optical sender), generally places ground, forms stable capacitance value C between the oblate post can of plectane antenna and ground connection upper surface
a, reliable and stable structure adds the waterproof of science, the moistureproof processing, can guarantee C
aValue stabilization, thus the stability and the reliability of system improved.
5, the light quarantine measures are adopted in the transmission of thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus output signal, thereby have avoided the interference that extraneous electromagnetic environment is introduced in the cable transmission process.
6, thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus and the optical sender that carries out electric light conversion adopt the power supply of high capacity chargeable lithium cell, and the power frequency of having avoided introducing owing to Alternating Current Power Supply is disturbed and the outside electromagnetic interference of supply line's introducing.
7, whole thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus maximum outside dimension is no more than 15cm, is convenient to open-air the installation and demarcation.
Four description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an arrangement plan of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of way of realization of antenna part syndeton
The big line of 1-; The fixing screw of using of 2-; The 3-coupling nut; The 4-conductive core line; 5-outer layer insulation material; The 6-adapter;
The female head of 7-BNC; The 8-base; The 9-metal shell.
Fig. 3 is the whole a kind of way of realization of electric field instrument
The 10-syndeton; The 11-switch; 12-optical sender power light; 13-optical cable interface; The 14-optical cable;
The 15-photoreceiver; 16-photoreceiver power light; 17-mains supply interface; The 18-BNC joint;
The 19-concentric cable; The 20-recording unit.
Fig. 4 is the terminal signaling treatment scheme.
Five embodiments
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specify embodiment of the present invention.
Shown in Figure 2 is a kind of way of realization of antenna part syndeton.The plectane antenna connects downwards through screw-nut structure 2-3, and the nut other end is fixed on the outer insulating material 5 guaranteeing and the plectane insulation, and heart yearn then is connected on the metal shell 9 that BNC adapter 6-7 is fixed on the bottom through lead.
A kind of implementation of whole instrument is with reference to Fig. 3.Antenna 1 is introduced signal in the metal shell through syndeton 10.Metal shell built-in signal modulate circuit, optical sender and high-capacity lithium battery.Circuit is by water proof switch 11 Control work, and by pilot lamp 12 indicating operating status.Open switch 11 when measuring beginning; Signal is received through input stage by antenna, through FET photoelectric device non-linear carried out precorrection after, amplify and compensation by triode again; Adopt amplitude modulation(PAM) afterwards, change 13 outputs of optical signals interface into by the electric light diode.
Light signal is introduced room light receiver 15 through Optical Fiber Transmission.Photoreceiver adopts the metal shielding encapsulation, passes through mains-supplied by power interface 17, and by pilot lamp 16 indicating operating status.The non-linear non-linear pre-correction of carrying out complementary realization system of utilizing amplifying circuit and photoelectric device.Optical signals photoreceiver 15 converts the voltage signal that in ± 1V scope, changes to by interface 18 output electric signal, transfers to data acquisition process terminal 20 through concentric cable 19.The prepackage signals obtain and real-time handler in 20, can be provided with to start through simple parameter to gather, accomplish the electric field waveform obtain and the different antennae waveform between conversion.
Signal obtains and real-time handler flow process such as Fig. 4.Need import basic parameter and the antenna parameter of desire realization of the antenna of current use before gathering in advance, and triggering and acquisition parameter, can move automatically afterwards, and show the electric field change waveform in real time.
Claims (5)
1. a light is isolated the thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus, its characteristic: integrate fast variation of thunder and lightning electric field and slow measure of the change; Measuring instrument is made up of with real-time processing terminal measuring system and signals collecting; The measuring system of measuring instrument is made up of shield shell that contains signal conditioning circuit and optical sender and rosette, and it connects the employing connector of design voluntarily; RC circuit and FET have been formed signal conditioning circuit; Measuring instrument inner integrated optical sender and photoreceiver, this optical sender, photoreceiver and optical fiber have been formed the light shielding system, have realized that carrying out signal through nonconductive optical fiber cable transmits; At signals collecting and real-time processing terminal; Adopt ssystem transfer function: the method for
inverting; Through surveying the electric field waveform that the waveform acquisition does not directly record, survey the electric field waveforms thereby obtain whole desires.Wherein Δ U is the non-electric field waveform that directly records,
εBe specific inductive capacity, S is the area of rosette, and R is the R value of RC circuit, and τ is the time constant of RC circuit, and τ=RC, u (t) change or change slowly waveform for the electric field that directly records is fast; System passes through lithium battery power supply.
2. thunder and lightning electric field instrument as claimed in claim 1; Its measuring system adopts shield shell and rosette to constitute its receiving antenna; Be characterised in that: shield shell adopts the connector of design voluntarily with being connected of rosette; Both realized reliable electrical connection, supported for antenna provides reliable mechanics again; Disk aerial can load and unload easily, by the rosette of measurement demand replacing different area, under given conditions, the measurement range of broadening measuring instrument.
3. thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, the signal condition part of its measuring system is characterised in that: the FET that adopts RC circuit and low-power consumption.
4. thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1; Signal transmission form between its measuring system and signals collecting and the real-time processing terminal; It is characterized in that: inner integrated employing of measuring instrument comprises gamma correction, amplifies the optical sender of compensation and comprises photodetection, amplifies compensation and drive the light shielding system that the photoreceiver of output is formed, through nonconductive optical fiber cable carry out measured waveform by measuring system to signals collecting and the transmission of processing terminal in real time.
5. thunder and lightning electric field measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, the signal conditioning circuit and the power supply mode of incorporate optical sender with it is characterized in that: select for use jumbo lithium battery to supply power.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102901748A CN101963634B (en) | 2010-09-25 | 2010-09-25 | Integrated optical isolation lightning electric field measurement apparatus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102901748A CN101963634B (en) | 2010-09-25 | 2010-09-25 | Integrated optical isolation lightning electric field measurement apparatus |
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| CN101963634A CN101963634A (en) | 2011-02-02 |
| CN101963634B true CN101963634B (en) | 2012-02-29 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102565553B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2013-09-25 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Unattended measuring apparatus of electric field real-time change rate |
| CN102680804B (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2014-12-24 | 中国气象科学研究院 | Lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method |
| CN103792437A (en) * | 2014-02-21 | 2014-05-14 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Integrated LEMP three-dimensional electric field measuring instrument |
| CN103954858B (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2016-04-27 | 辽宁工业大学 | Airborne antenna lightning effects test macro and method |
| CN104977478B (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-04-27 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | One kind digitlization lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System and its measuring method |
| CN108020704B (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2019-08-16 | 清华大学 | A kind of thunder and lightning substrate current inversion method based on deconvolution |
| CN112540237A (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2021-03-23 | 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 | Atmospheric electric field instrument and method for realizing single-station lightning orientation |
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| US4328461A (en) * | 1979-07-02 | 1982-05-04 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Apparatus for and method of measuring a high voltage electric field |
| US7796370B1 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2010-09-14 | Alset Corporation | Apparatus and method for lightning sensor and controller |
| CN1862264A (en) * | 2006-06-09 | 2006-11-15 | 清华大学 | Electrode antenna integrated photoelectric integrated sensor for testing strong electric field |
| CN201069458Y (en) * | 2007-08-13 | 2008-06-04 | 杭州意能防雷技术有限公司 | Lighting strike real time online monitoring system |
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