CN101949964B - Space capacitive voltage divider and application thereof on high voltage measuring device - Google Patents
Space capacitive voltage divider and application thereof on high voltage measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101949964B CN101949964B CN 201010252249 CN201010252249A CN101949964B CN 101949964 B CN101949964 B CN 101949964B CN 201010252249 CN201010252249 CN 201010252249 CN 201010252249 A CN201010252249 A CN 201010252249A CN 101949964 B CN101949964 B CN 101949964B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a voltage divider and a high voltage measuring device, in particular to a space capacitive voltage divider and an application thereof on a high voltage measuring device. The space voltage capacitive voltage divider adopts a spherical conduction shell which forms a space capacitance with the ground, thereby being capable of bearing higher voltage, providing electric shielding, having small volume and weight, simplifying the structure of the voltage divider, being convenient to transport, and having simple installation, low cost and high measuring voltage class. The application of the space capacitive voltage divider on the high voltage measuring device is particularly an optical digital high voltage measuring device, and is characterized in that the space capacitive voltage divider is used as a high-voltage side collecting circuit, has simple structure, and is easy to install and convenient to carry; optical fibers are adopted to serve as a high-low voltage electrical isolation device and a communication circuit, thereby avoiding the low-voltage side from leading into a transient state interference signal, and having small error and high measurement accuracy; and a voltage dividing capacitive device is changed in an adjustable range conversion mode, thereby being suitable for test circuits of different voltage classes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of voltage divider and high voltage meter, particularly a kind of spatial capacitance type voltage divider and the application on high-pressure measurement mechanism thereof.
Background technology
High-tension measurement is test link indispensable in on-the-spot electrical apparatus test, realize that high-tension measurement must adopt high-voltage bleeder and low pressure instrument, the voltage signal of high-voltage bleeder on can the coupled high voltage circuit, and take a sample, the low pressure instrument can be processed and Output rusults according to sampled signal.
Voltage divider of the prior art is mainly realized the sensing of high pressure by electric capacity and resistance, there is the installation question of the stable primary equipment of electric capacity, simultaneously, if the voltage of measuring is higher, voltage divider need to adopt more piece electric capacity or resistance to carry out dividing potential drop step by step, and the voltage of different brackets need to use different other voltage dividers of dividing potential drop level; In addition, voltage divider need to solve inside and outside Insulation Problems, therefore need to adopt insulator arrangement, grounding apparatus etc. to carry out the design of safety practice aspect, therefore have the following disadvantages: the electric capacity of Multilevel partial-pressure and each safety practice equipment cause the voltage divider volume of prior art tall and big, and weight is large, transportation is inconvenient, the on-site installation work amount is large, and manufacturing cost is high, uses difficulty, the electric pressure of test is limited, can't be used for the high-tension line of 1000KV left and right.
Due to the existing defective of the voltage divider of prior art, cause the high-pressure measurement mechanism of prior art also to have above-mentioned deficiency.And high-pressure measurement mechanism low pressure instrument part of the prior art is partly to adopt electric signal transmission with high-voltage bleeder, easily introduce various transient interference signals, cause distorted signals, characteristic is bad frequently simultaneously high frequency response, easily bring the amplitude-frequency error problem, so measurement result also has larger error.
Invention consists of
The object of the invention is to according to the deficiencies in the prior art part provide a kind of volume little, lightweight, transport conveniently, with low cost, use simple, can test large level high-voltage circuit and the little spatial capacitance type voltage divider of test error and the application on high-pressure measurement mechanism thereof.
Spatial capacitance type voltage divider of the present invention is realized by following approach:
Spatial capacitance type voltage divider, its structural feature is, include spherical conductive shell, be arranged on dividing potential drop capacitive means, change-over circuit and output unit in housing, the upper end of spherical conductive shell is equipped with high-voltage connection, lead-in wire is electrically connected with the input end of dividing potential drop capacitive means, the output terminal electrical connection of the outside of housing and dividing potential drop capacitive means, and the signal output part of dividing potential drop capacitive means sequentially connects change-over circuit and output unit.
Like this, spherical conductive shell forms a space electric capacity just and between the earth, can bear the high voltage of higher level, and this space electric capacity and dividing potential drop capacitive means are connected in series; Simultaneously, spherical conductive shell can be used as a spherical equipotential volume, and its electric charge is evenly distributed on the shell body surface, provides electric shield for being arranged on dividing potential drop capacitive means in its housing, change-over circuit etc., makes foregoing circuit can be arranged in its spheroid shell.During use, after connecting tested high-tension line by high-voltage connection, voltage is introduced in the dividing potential drop capacitive means and space electric capacity that is connected in series, space electric capacity has born most of high pressure, the dividing potential drop capacitive means carries out dividing potential drop again to the voltage of sensing, perhaps directly output to change-over circuit and process, at last by signal after output unit output conversion, for use.
Spatial capacitance type voltage divider of the present invention has following technique effect: 1, another electrode due to space electric capacity is the earth, therefore described voltage divider need not to adopt earthing device again, 2, space electric capacity with air as insulating medium between battery lead plate, so do not need to adopt separately insulation measures, 3, the electric capacity of space electric capacity is little, the electric pressure of bearing is high, more than can reaching 500KV.Therefore the spatial capacitance type voltage divider volume can reduce greatly, has simplified the structure of voltage divider, and weight is also little, and convenient transportation is installed simply, has also reduced cost, has improved the test voltage grade.
The present invention can further be specially:
Spherical conductive shell is a kind of metal shell.Or:
Spherical conductive shell is wound into a ball by a kind of conductive fabric, and inner chamber is equipped with bracing frame.
As the spherical conductive shell of space electric capacity, its electric pressure of bearing is higher, and diameter needs larger, adopt metal shell can make its CHARGE DISTRIBUTION more stable, evenly, but weight and volume is all bigger than normal, and the spherical conductive shell that adopts conductive fabric to make, weight reduction greatly, when not using, can operate bracing frame, housing is folding, greatly dwindled volume, facilitated and carried and transport.
Spherical conductive shell is comprised of upper shell and lower house, one platform is installed in the inner chamber of upper shell, dividing potential drop capacitive means, change-over circuit and output unit are installed and are placed on this platform, and upper shell is connected by electric with the outside surface of lower house, and medial surface adopts fastener to connect.
The circuit arrangements such as the dividing potential drop capacitive means of voltage divider need to be arranged in housing, therefore spherical conductive shell are divided into two, and the installation of being convenient to circuit arrangement is placed and safeguards; Adopt simultaneously the electrical connection upper-lower casing, guarantee that upper-lower casing is still complete spheroid, electric charge can be evenly distributed on spherome surface.During use, with lower house and the synthetic spheroid of upper shell, medial surface adopts the fasteners such as fastening device, screw that upper-lower casing is fastened together, and lateral surface is electrically connected upper-lower casing by electric installation.
The dividing potential drop capacitive means includes plurality of capacitors, each capacitor all is connected in series with a selector switch, and the Parallel-connected Capacitor that is serially connected with switch connects, and parallel circuit one end is connected with spherical conductive shell outside portion, the other end is connected with high-voltage connection, and each selector switch all is connected with a controller.
According to the survey electric pressure, the dividing potential drop capacitive means can be selected by controller the capacitors count of access, thereby realizes different range dividing potential drops by changing the dividing potential drop capacitance.This has just solved existing voltage divider capacity and has fixed, and measures the single problem of rank, has realized that a voltage divider can test the technique effect of a plurality of rank voltages, has satisfied the multifarious demand of test.
Change-over circuit is a kind of analog to digital conversion circuit, and its realization converts the analog quantity after dividing potential drop to digital electric signal, so that further process.
Change-over circuit can also be:
Change-over circuit includes analog to digital conversion circuit and electro-optical conversion circuit.
First convert voltage analog to digital electric signal, and then convert light signal to, or other carrier signals, and send low-pressure side to.The present invention adopts electro-optical conversion circuit, last output unit connects a kind of optical-fibre communications circuit, optical fiber is as a kind of insulator arrangement, can realize better electrical isolation for high-pressure side and low-pressure side, make low-pressure side receive to such an extent that signal is not easy to introduce undesired signal, distorted signals occurs, measuring accuracy is high, and error is little.
The application of spatial capacitance type voltage divider of the present invention on high-pressure measurement mechanism is specially a kind of optical-fiber numerical, and it is realized by following approach:
Optical-fiber numerical, its structural feature are, comprise a kind of spatial capacitance type voltage divider as above and low-pressure side device,
In spatial capacitance type voltage divider, the dividing potential drop capacitive means includes plurality of capacitors, each capacitor all is connected in series with a selector switch, the Parallel-connected Capacitor that is serially connected with switch connects, parallel circuit one end is connected with spherical conductive shell outside portion, the other end is connected with high-voltage connection, and each selector switch all is connected with the first controller
Change-over circuit includes analog to digital conversion circuit and first electro-optical conversion circuit of electrical connection, and the output terminal of dividing potential drop capacitive means is electrically connected to analog to digital conversion circuit, and the first electro-optical conversion circuit and the first controller are connected with the first fiber optical transceiver respectively;
The low-pressure side device includes the second fiber optical transceiver, the second electro-optical conversion circuit, treatment circuit, display circuit and second controller, the second fiber optical transceiver connects respectively the second electro-optical conversion circuit and second controller, and the second electro-optical conversion circuit is connected with display circuit by treatment circuit;
The first fiber optical transceiver be connected fiber optical transceiver and connect by a kind of optical-fibre communications circuit.
The workflow of above-mentioned optical-fiber numerical is as follows:
The second controller of low-pressure side device sends steering order according to line condition, this instruction is delivered to the first fiber optical transceiver via the second fiber optical transceiver, optical fiber transmission, and received by the first controller, the first controller is controlled the dividing potential drop electric capacity of line attachment according to instruction;
The high-pressure side, spatial capacitance type voltage divider via high-voltage connection be connected to be subjected on slowdown monitoring circuit after, most of voltage by the series connection space electric capacity bear, the dividing potential drop capacitive means bears certain voltage according to ratio, after dividing potential drop, the output voltage simulating signal,
After this voltage analog signal converts digital electric signal to via analog to digital conversion circuit, then convert light signal to by electro-optical conversion circuit, then send by the first fiber optical transceiver;
Light signal is delivered to the second fiber optical transceiver via optical fiber transmission, and the second fiber optical transceiver is issued the second electro-optical conversion circuit with signal, converts digital electric signal to by light signal, and treating apparatus sends to display circuit after processing.
The advantage of optical-fiber numerical is, it adopts spatial capacitance type voltage divider as the high-pressure side Acquisition Circuit, and is simple in structure, installs easily, and is with low cost, easy to carry, can measure the high-tension line of 500KV and above grade; Adopt optical fiber as the electrical isolation of high-pressure side and low-pressure side, can be used as again the communication line of high-pressure side and low-pressure side simultaneously, avoided the low-pressure side device to introduce the transient interference signal, signal is difficult for distortion, and error is little, and measuring accuracy is high; Adopt controller to be controlled the dividing potential drop electric capacity of high-pressure side access by low-pressure side, to adapt to the measurement circuit of different electric pressures.
Also include front end circuit, amplifying circuit and self-checking circuit in above-mentioned spatial capacitance type voltage divider, front end circuit is plugged between selector switch and the first controller, front end circuit is connected with change-over circuit by amplifying circuit simultaneously, another control end of the first controller is connected with amplifying circuit, and the output terminal of self-checking circuit is connected with amplifying circuit.
Front end circuit is a kind of relay auxiliary control circuit, can carry out the folding operation according to controlling the selector switch that capacitor is connected in series; Amplifying circuit is used for the voltage analog signal that receives is amplified processing, and self-checking circuit is for detection of the power circuit in interlock circuit, and the first controller is also controlled amplifying circuit simultaneously except controlling front end circuit, makes the signal of output meet the ratio of setting.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of spatial capacitance type voltage divider and the application on high-pressure measurement mechanism thereof, adopt a kind of spherical conductive shell, form space electric capacity between itself and the earth, can bear more high voltage, spherical conductive shell is a spherical equipotential volume, and its electric charge is evenly distributed on the shell body surface, provide electric shield for being arranged on dividing potential drop capacitive means in its housing, change-over circuit etc., make foregoing circuit can be arranged in its spheroid shell and interference-free.The spatial capacitance type voltage divider volume is little, and is simple in structure, and weight is also little, and convenient transportation is installed simply, has also reduced cost, has improved the test voltage grade.The application of this spatial capacitance type voltage divider on high-pressure measurement mechanism is specially a kind of optical-fiber numerical, it adopts spatial capacitance type voltage divider as the high-pressure side Acquisition Circuit, simple in structure, install easily, with low cost, easy to carry, can measure the high-tension line of 500KV and above grade; Adopt optical fiber as the electrical isolation of high-pressure side and low-pressure side, can be used as again the communication line of high-pressure side and low-pressure side simultaneously, avoided the low-pressure side device to introduce the transient interference signal, signal is difficult for distortion, and error is little, and measuring accuracy is high; Adopt controller to be controlled the dividing potential drop electric capacity of high-pressure side access by low-pressure side, to adapt to the measurement circuit of different electric pressures.
Description of drawings
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation of spatial capacitance type voltage divider of the present invention;
Figure 2 shows that the on-the-spot structural representation of optical-fiber numerical of the present invention;
Figure 3 shows that the schematic block circuit diagram of optical-fiber numerical of the present invention;
Figure 4 shows that the circuit diagram of Fig. 3 mesohigh lateral circuit;
Figure 5 shows that the circuit diagram of Fig. 3 mesolow lateral circuit.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Specific embodiment
Most preferred embodiment:
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, spatial capacitance type voltage divider includes spherical conductive shell 1, is arranged on the circuit arrangements 2 such as dividing potential drop capacitive means, change-over circuit and output unit in housing;
Spherical conductive shell 1 is wound in hollow ball and is made by a kind of conductive fabric, bracing frame 3 is installed in hollow lumen, spherical shell is comprised of upper shell 11 and lower house 12, position near lower house in the inner chamber of upper shell is equipped with a platform, circuit arrangement 2 is installed and is placed on this platform, the outer surface of upper shell 11 and lower house 12 is electrically connected to guarantee the integrity degree of spheroid, and medial surface adopts fastening device 4 to be fastenedly connected.
The top, upper end of upper shell 11 has the first through hole 5, and high-voltage connection 6 is connected to the input end of dividing potential drop capacitive means via this first through hole 5, and the output terminal of dividing potential drop capacitive means is electrically connected to the lateral surface of spherical conductive shell 1; The output terminal of circuit arrangement 2 is drawn spheroid by the second through hole 7 of the lower bottom part of lower house 12.
The circuit structure of spatial capacitance type voltage divider is seen Application Example.
With reference to accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3, the application on high-tension measurement of spatial capacitance type voltage divider is specially a kind of optical-fiber numerical, and in accompanying drawing 2, the output terminal of circuit arrangement connects optical fiber, and is connected with the low-pressure side device by optical fiber.
Optical-fiber numerical includes spatial capacitance type voltage divider as above and low-pressure side device;
Be specially in spatial capacitance type voltage divider: the dividing potential drop capacitive means includes plurality of capacitors, each capacitor all is connected in series with a selector switch, the Parallel-connected Capacitor that is serially connected with switch connects, parallel circuit one end is connected with spherical conductive shell outside portion, the other end is connected with high-voltage connection, during test, high-voltage connection is articulated on test line, each selector switch all is connected with the first controller, spherical like this conductive shell and the earth form the space electric capacity that can bear large voltage, and this space electric capacity is connected in series with the dividing potential drop capacitive means;
Spatial capacitance type voltage divider also includes front end circuit, amplifying circuit, self-checking circuit and change-over circuit, front end circuit is plugged between selector switch and the first controller, front end circuit is connected with change-over circuit by amplifying circuit simultaneously, another control end of the first controller is connected with amplifying circuit, and the output terminal of self-checking circuit is connected with amplifying circuit.Change-over circuit includes analog to digital conversion circuit and first electro-optical conversion circuit of electrical connection, the analog output end of dividing potential drop capacitive means sequentially is electrically connected to analog to digital conversion circuit by front end circuit and amplifying circuit, and the first electro-optical conversion circuit and the first controller are connected with the first fiber optical transceiver respectively;
The low-pressure side device includes the second fiber optical transceiver, the second electro-optical conversion circuit, treatment circuit, display circuit and second controller, the second fiber optical transceiver connects respectively the second electro-optical conversion circuit and second controller, and the second electro-optical conversion circuit is connected with display circuit by treatment circuit; Wherein treating apparatus can comprise D/A converting circuit, waveform reduction and metering circuit etc.The first fiber optical transceiver be connected fiber optical transceiver and connect by a kind of optical-fibre communications circuit.
The workflow of above-mentioned optical-fiber numerical is as follows:
The second controller of low-pressure side device sends steering order according to line condition, this instruction is delivered to the first fiber optical transceiver via the second fiber optical transceiver, optical fiber transmission, and received by the first controller, the first controller is controlled the dividing potential drop electric capacity of line attachment according to instruction;
The high-pressure side, spatial capacitance type voltage divider via high-voltage connection be connected to be subjected on slowdown monitoring circuit after, most of voltage by the series connection space electric capacity bear, the dividing potential drop capacitive means bears certain voltage according to ratio, after dividing potential drop, and the output voltage simulating signal, and send to analog to digital conversion circuit
After this voltage analog signal converts digital electric signal to via analog to digital conversion circuit, then convert light signal to by electro-optical conversion circuit, then send by the first fiber optical transceiver;
Light signal is delivered to the second fiber optical transceiver via optical fiber transmission, the second fiber optical transceiver is issued the second electro-optical conversion circuit with signal, convert digital electric signal to by light signal, treating apparatus can directly will send to display circuit after digital signal processing, can also carry out digital-to-analog conversion to digital signal, and carry out the waveform reduction and measure, obtain at last the Wave data of measuring voltage.
High-pressure side circuit block diagram shown in accompanying drawing 4 in circuit diagram respective figure 3, in figure, the top circuit diagram from left to right is sequentially front end circuit, amplifying circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit, and wherein analog to digital conversion circuit comprises that model is the conversion chip of AD1672; The below circuit diagram is electro-optical conversion circuit figure, comprises that model is the process chip of EPM7064SLC44.
The 3 mesolow lateral circuit block diagrams of circuit diagram respective figure shown in accompanying drawing 5, two photoelectric processing chips that model is EPM7064SLC44 are provided in figure equally, it is the conversion chip of AD7245 that D/A converting circuit adopts model, and the second fiber optical transceiver is by fibre-optical splice shown in U6 and the electric circuit constitute.
It is same as the prior art that the present invention does not state part.
Claims (9)
1. spatial capacitance type voltage divider, it is characterized in that, include spherical conductive shell, be arranged on dividing potential drop capacitive means, change-over circuit and output unit in housing, the upper end of spherical conductive shell is equipped with high-voltage connection, lead-in wire is electrically connected with the input end of dividing potential drop capacitive means, the output terminal electrical connection of the outside of housing and dividing potential drop capacitive means, and the signal output part of dividing potential drop capacitive means sequentially connects change-over circuit and output unit.
2. spatial capacitance type voltage divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that, spherical conductive shell is a kind of metal shell.
3. spatial capacitance type voltage divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that, spherical conductive shell is wound into a ball by a kind of conductive fabric, and inner chamber is equipped with bracing frame.
4. spatial capacitance type voltage divider according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, spherical conductive shell is comprised of upper shell and lower house, one platform is installed in the inner chamber of upper shell, dividing potential drop capacitive means, change-over circuit and output unit are installed and are placed on this platform, upper shell is connected by electric with the outside surface of lower house, and medial surface adopts fastener to connect.
5. spatial capacitance type voltage divider according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the dividing potential drop capacitive means includes plurality of capacitors, each capacitor all is connected in series with a selector switch, the Parallel-connected Capacitor that is serially connected with switch connects, parallel circuit one end is connected with spherical conductive shell outside portion, and the other end is connected with high-voltage connection, and each selector switch all is connected with a controller.
6. spatial capacitance type voltage divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that, change-over circuit is a kind of analog to digital conversion circuit.
7. spatial capacitance type voltage divider according to claim 1, is characterized in that, change-over circuit includes analog to digital conversion circuit and electro-optical conversion circuit.
8. optical-fiber numerical, is characterized in that, comprises a kind of spatial capacitance type voltage divider claimed in claim 1 and low-pressure side device;
In spatial capacitance type voltage divider, the dividing potential drop capacitive means includes plurality of capacitors, each capacitor all is connected in series with a selector switch, the Parallel-connected Capacitor that is serially connected with switch connects, parallel circuit one end is connected with spherical conductive shell outside portion, the other end is connected with high-voltage connection, and each selector switch all is connected with the first controller
Change-over circuit includes analog to digital conversion circuit and first electro-optical conversion circuit of electrical connection, and the output terminal of dividing potential drop capacitive means is electrically connected to analog to digital conversion circuit, and the first electro-optical conversion circuit and the first controller are connected with the first fiber optical transceiver respectively;
The low-pressure side device includes the second fiber optical transceiver, the second electro-optical conversion circuit, treatment circuit, display circuit and second controller, the second fiber optical transceiver connects respectively the second electro-optical conversion circuit and second controller, and the second electro-optical conversion circuit is connected with display circuit by treatment circuit;
The first fiber optical transceiver be connected fiber optical transceiver and connect by a kind of optical-fibre communications circuit.
9. optical-fiber numerical according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, also include front end circuit, amplifying circuit and self-checking circuit, front end circuit is plugged between selector switch and the first controller, front end circuit is connected with change-over circuit by amplifying circuit simultaneously, another control end of the first controller is connected with amplifying circuit, and the output terminal of self-checking circuit is connected with amplifying circuit.
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| CN103376125A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-10-30 | 杭州休普电子技术有限公司 | Wireless electric field energy collection sensor |
| CN105182056A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-23 | 凯里供电局 | Lightning overvoltage online monitoring system |
| CN106058860B (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-10-26 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of full wave voltage comprehensive measurement device suitable for multiple voltage grade transformer substation |
| CN107786270A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-03-09 | 山东船舶技术研究院 | A kind of fiber optic communications devices |
| CN109541293A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-29 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Voltage waveform extraction device |
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| DE19841164A1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-16 | Abb Research Ltd | Voltage divider for measuring high direct current voltages in areas subject to high frequency interference; has tuning capacitor to balance capacitive divider voltages with those of resistive divider |
| JP2001208780A (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-08-03 | Toshiba Corp | Capacitance potential divider |
| CN1967265A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2007-05-23 | 复旦大学 | High precision high-voltage voltage divider |
| CN101576579A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2009-11-11 | 西安交通大学 | Coaxial-symmetrical discrete capacitive voltage divider used for nanosecond high voltage pulse measurement |
| CN201740807U (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-02-09 | 福建省电力试验研究院 | Spatial capacitance type voltage divider |
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- 2010-08-12 CN CN 201010252249 patent/CN101949964B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19841164A1 (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-16 | Abb Research Ltd | Voltage divider for measuring high direct current voltages in areas subject to high frequency interference; has tuning capacitor to balance capacitive divider voltages with those of resistive divider |
| JP2001208780A (en) * | 2000-01-31 | 2001-08-03 | Toshiba Corp | Capacitance potential divider |
| CN1967265A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2007-05-23 | 复旦大学 | High precision high-voltage voltage divider |
| CN101576579A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2009-11-11 | 西安交通大学 | Coaxial-symmetrical discrete capacitive voltage divider used for nanosecond high voltage pulse measurement |
| CN201740807U (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2011-02-09 | 福建省电力试验研究院 | Spatial capacitance type voltage divider |
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