CN101952152A - 用于有控制地引起实现汽车应急运行的替代措施的混合动力汽车故障安全的运行的方法和执行这种方法的装置 - Google Patents

用于有控制地引起实现汽车应急运行的替代措施的混合动力汽车故障安全的运行的方法和执行这种方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN101952152A
CN101952152A CN2008801263952A CN200880126395A CN101952152A CN 101952152 A CN101952152 A CN 101952152A CN 2008801263952 A CN2008801263952 A CN 2008801263952A CN 200880126395 A CN200880126395 A CN 200880126395A CN 101952152 A CN101952152 A CN 101952152A
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automobile
travels
limiting
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vehicle
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U·罗尔曼
P·阿纳
M·比尔德斯坦
M·莱纳
F·雷伯
O·凯弗
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于具有内燃机(2)、电动机(3)和其它汽车设备的混合动力汽车(1)的故障安全的运行的方法，其中，当汽车设备有故障时，引起使汽车还能应急运行的替代措施，其中，在引起替代措施之前检测汽车所处的行驶动态状况时的运行特征参数，并且和至少一个极限数值进行比较，其中，当超过或者低于这个极限数值时引起替代措施。本发明还涉及一种包括有用于相应方法的设备的装置。

Description

用于有控制地引起实现汽车应急运行的替代措施的混合动力汽车故障安全的运行的方法和执行这种方法的装置
现有技术
本发明涉及一种用于具有内燃机、电动机和其它一些汽车设备的混合动力汽车的故障安全的运行的方法，其中，当汽车设备有故障或者运行有限制时引起能使汽车紧急运行的替代措施。
本发明还涉及一种包括有用于执行这种方法的设备的装置。
现有技术已公开了一些混合动力汽车。混合动力汽车应理解为微型混合动力汽车、中型混合动力汽车和全混合力汽车。其中还包括具有至少一个内燃机、也就是一个汽油机，和/或一个柴油机的陆用汽车。此外，这样一些混合式汽车还具有一个电动机。
已在市场上销售的汽车的有例如代表微型混合动力汽车的BMWler，代表中型-混合动力汽车的有Honda Civic，代表全-混合动力汽车的有Toyota Prius。还有其它一些生产厂家提供一些可比较的混合动力汽车。
微型-混合动力汽车仅具有一个自动-起动-停功能和一个用于给起动器电池充电的制动能回收功能，其中，电机不是用于驱动汽车的，在中型-混合动力汽车中电机，也就是一个装置，它既可以用作发电机，也可用作电动机，它支持内燃机，以提高功率，或者提高效率。在现有技术中这种提高功率也叫做“助推”(Boosten)。
也如同微型-混合动力汽车一样，在中型-混合动力汽车中也可回收制动能，也叫做利废。
与前面简单说明的混合动力汽车型别不同的是在完全-混合动力汽车中借助电动机的功率直接驱动汽车。
如同在任何其它的汽车一样，在混合动力汽车运行时，汽车的设备，如离合器、变速器、制动装置，或者其它的机械的或者电机械的部件会出现故障。为了在出现这样的故障时能使汽车驾驶人员至少将汽车从危险区域，如十字路口或者高速公路驶出，和/或到达修理厂，现已公开通过替代措施引入应急运行功能。
DE 103 16422 A1例如建议了一种用于混合动力汽车的控制策略。在该文献中也公开了将电机和内燃机闭合，其中，据说这种闭合是无冲击实现的。
在启动或者引起替代措施时负面应注意的问题是在主动轮上至少会出现力矩突变。假若在这种情况下借助替代措施引起应急运行功能，在这种情况中汽车本来就处在一种行驶动态紧要状态中，这导致汽车的危险，因为例如在转弯行驶时，或者在光滑的行车道上汽车会偏离行车道，并且因此会对汽车乘客和第三者构成伤害。
发明内容
本发明的优点
通过下述措施完成本发明的任务，即在引起替代措施之前检测汽车所处的行驶动态情况的运行特征参数，并且和至少一个极限数值进行比较，其中，只有当超过或者低于这个极限数值时才引起替代措施。
通过这一措施阻止在行驶动态紧要状态时的一定的应急运行措施。
通过这一措施提高了汽车的可用性。驾驶有故障汽车的司机总可以至少到达最近的修理厂。即使在没有外部援助可供使用的情况下司机至少可用自己的力量将汽车从危险区域，如十字路口或者高速公路上挪走。在根据本发明的汽车设计中也提高了汽车的健壮性。这点对汽车的制造厂家也特别是有利的，因为改进汽车在抛锚统计中的名次。
本发明也涉及一种装置，这种装置适用于采用合适的设备执行根据本发明的方法。
在从属权利要求中要求对一些有利的实施形式进行保护。下面对这些实施形式进行更加详细的说明。
为了检测行驶动态情况对汽车的横向加速度进行检测，并且和极限数值进行比较是有利的。识别典型的行驶状态，并且为了保证应急运行功能阻止或者至少延迟引入替代措施。因此不需要放弃任何替代措施的引用，只是因为在几个特殊的行驶情况中可能会出现紧要。
为了能以更高的可靠性确定汽车所处的相应情况按照行驶动态标准衡量是否是紧要的，下述做法是有利的，即为了检测行驶动态情况对汽车速度和/或相应的转向角进行检测，并且和有关的极限数值进行比较。表述准确度提高了。这导致不太经常地不引入借助有关的替代措施进行的应急运行功能。通过这一措施进一步地提高了汽车的可使用性。
假若使用控制器和/或行驶辅助系统，如ESP系统的运行参数，则在无需大量附加费用的情况下就可获得必要的参考参数，以便能可靠地表述有关在相应时刻存在的行驶动态状况。正是从ESP系统获取参考参数时才能可靠地推断出汽车的偏转比率或者它的横向加速度，并且因此才能有高载荷的表述。因为多数在欧洲市场上销售的汽车中都设置有ESP系统，所以在相应的行驶辅助系统中设置的ESP系统中获取必要的运行参数在成本上是特别有利的。因为在大多数汽车中也设置有相应的控制器，所以这些控制器也提供必要的数据供使用，以避免阻碍附加的传感器。
当低于极限数值时位于内燃机和电动机之间的第一离合器被闭合，这时可继续利用由内燃机可传递的扭矩。当为了驱动汽车电动机功率不够用时可简单地接入内燃机。通过内燃机由于中间连接有电机-在必要时它用作发电机-也可有利地对用于电动机的存储介质，即例如电池进行充电。这通过一种有利的方式得到整个汽车的功能能力。
若在对汽车的行驶动态情况有影响的替代措施和对汽车的行驶动态情况无影响的替代措施之间加以区分也是特别有利的。
若在将运行参数和极限数值进行比较之前进行这种区分，则可对这些替代措施进行如此的分类，即在必要时仅停止对于行驶动态紧要的替代措施。通过这一措施进一步地改进了汽车的可使用性和在出现故障时到达至少一个修理厂的能力。
此外，为了节省资源和时间下述做法也是有利的，即只有当替代措施识别为能影响汽车的行驶动态状况时才在运行参数和相应的极限值之间进行这种比较。
若使用一种包括有用于执行根据本发明的方法的设备的装置，则也可提高汽车的可使用性，并且可对汽车进行相应的加装。
若电动机也可用作发电机运行，则可提高汽车的功能能力和汽车的多用性，特别是在回收制动情况时的能量的能力方面。
附图说明
在附图中通过对一些实施例的解释对本发明进行更详细的说明。
这些附图是：
图1：一种混合动力汽车的基本结构简图，其中使用了相应的汽车设备。
图2：说明方法步骤的简图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一个混合动力汽车1。它具有一个内燃机2和一个电动机3。在内燃机2和电动机3之间设置了一个第一离合器4。第一离合器4和驱动轴5连接，其中，驱动轴5的一个端部可由内燃机2驱动，并且一个借助第一离合器4与其分开的区域可由电动机3驱动。这个电动机3也可作为发电机运行。当由第一离合器4将内燃机2的扭转力矩通过驱动轴5传递到电动机3时就会出现这种情况。
在这种情况时起发电机作用的电动机3产生电能，并且给电池6充电。
电池6在电正常运行时提供用于电机3运行所必需的能量，也就是至少在这种情况时，即当内燃机2没有被驱动时。在这样一种情况中通常第一离合器4没有闭合。然而在这种情况中这个第一离合器4也是可以闭合的，如前面已经说明的。
在驱动轴5的远离内燃机的端部上存在的扭矩借助另一离合器7传递到变速器8上。在通常的情况中被改变的扭矩然后继续被传递到一些驱动轮9上，示出了其中一个驱动轮。在这些驱动轮9上存在的扭矩导致混合动力汽车1的相对于一个位置固定参考点的向前移动。
在车轮上，特别是在驱动轮9上设置了一些制动装置10。在电池6上设置了一个电池控制器11。
也为内燃机2、电动机3、变速器8和制动装置10设置一些相应的控制器。这样就设置了一个内燃机控制器12、电动机控制器13、变速器控制器14和制动装置控制器15。这些控制器分别具有一个促动器和一个传感器。其中，促动器分别用附图标记16表示，传感器分别用附图标记17表示。
混合动力汽车可以具有不同的转换和方法状态。
标准情况之一是第一离合器4被闭合，以起动内燃机2。
在内燃机2运行时也有可能在使用由电机3提供使用的扭矩的情况下超过内燃机2的能力地短时间地驱动驱动轴5，也就是达到一种“助推”。
当一个设备，例如液压调节器出现故障时就出现这样一种特殊的情况，即尽管是无意的，第一离合器还是闭合了。也有可能出现这样的行驶情况，即在液压系统中包含有空气，这导致第一离器4的不完全打开。若这种情况是通过借助传感技术的相应的诊断，特别是用内燃机和电动机的转速的比较的情况下检测到的，则为了防止离合器部件彼此间的摩擦，并且避免过分的磨损，闭合第一离合器4，以便在一个相应的替代措施中产生一种应急运行功能。然而这两种动作，即闭合第一离合器4会导致力矩跃变。这种情况可由于内燃机的惯性引起。
为了在紧要的行驶状态中避免闭合离合器4，虽然通过此措施会避免不再正确地打开的第一离合器的磨损，在执行替代措施之前(闭合第一离合器4)为了达到应急运行功能需要进行斟酌，看是否存在一种在行驶动态上紧要的情况。为此检测汽车的横向加速度，并且根据可能的其它的运行参数，如汽车速度和转向角停止或者延迟紧要替代措施的引入。
在检测应急运行功能的另一替代措施中电动机3-如上所述在此也用作电机-进入一种主动的短路。
然而，通过根据本发明的方法和一种相应的装置防止在不合适的情况时电动机3将对相应行驶状态有害的扭转力矩加入到驱动轴5中。
防止汽车的侧滑或汽车偏离行车道(Ausbrechen)。
在图2中从简单的形式示出了运行流程图。
在第一步骤18中借助诊断功能探测出汽车上的损坏。这种损坏可借助引入替代措施消除。在下一个步骤19中得出应引入的替代措施。步骤18和步骤19可在一个相应的计算单元中执行。
在紧接着的第三步骤20中进行检测，看是否将这个替代措施划为对这个相应的行驶动态情况是紧要的。也就是在此步骤中要询问分类情况，是否这个对相应的替代措施在行驶动态上会产生重大的作用。当这个应执行的替代反应在行驶动态上是不紧要的，则在下一步骤21中引入这个替代措施。
然而，当在步骤20中进行检查的结果表明，应执行的替代措施对行驶动态状态有影响，其带来负面的作用，也就是说将这个替代措施划归为对行驶动态性是紧要，如此在一个单独的检查步骤22中将运行特征参数和一些相应的极限数值进行比较。
这些极限数值是一些阈值，其或者是由汽车司机调定，或者是为汽车预先调定的值。相应的运行参数是在前面设置的步骤23中得出来的。
在这个步骤中连续地得出表示相应的行驶动态状况特征的运行参数。
如此求出例如横向加速度、汽车速度、汽车加速度、转向角或者类似的参数。横向加速度例如是通过ESP系统求出的。横向加速度也可通过制动系统的相应的传感器，例如通过制动装置控制器15的传感器16获得。
当相应的运行参数超过阈值时，则以步骤24不引入替代措施。当相应的运行特征参数低于相应的极限数值时则在步骤21中引入提供应急运行的替代措施。
运行特征参数、也就是例如横向加速度、汽车速度、汽车加速度和转向角的比较是在步骤22中单独进行或者组合地进行。
可以规定，是否超过一个阈值或者多个阈值就进入步骤24，也就是不引入替代措施。

Claims (10)

1.用于具有内燃机(2)、电动机(3)和其它汽车设备的混合动力汽车(1)的故障安全的运行的方法，其中，当汽车设备有故障，或者运行有限制时引起使汽车还能应急运行的替代措施，其特征在于，在引起替代措施之前检测汽车所处的行驶动态状况的运行特征参数，并且和至少一个极限数值进行比较，其中，当超过或者低于这个极限数值时引起替代措施。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法，其中，为了检测行驶动态状态，检测汽车的横向加速度，并且将其和极限数值进行比较。
3.按照权利要求1或2的任一项所述的方法，其中，为了检测行驶动态状况对速度和/或相应的转向角的行驶进行检测，并且将其和有关的极限数值进行比较。
4.按照权利要求1至3的任一项所述的方法，其中，利用控制器(11、12、13、14、15)和/或驾驶员辅助系统如ESP系统的运行参数。
5.按照权利要求1至4的任一项所述的方法，其中，当低于极限数值时闭合内燃机(2)和电动机(3)之间设置的第一离合器(4)。
6.按照权利要求1至5的任一项所述的方法，其中，对那些影响汽车的行驶动态状况的替代措施和那些不影响汽车的行驶动态状况的替代措施加以区分。
7.按照权利要求6所述的方法，其中，在将运行参数和极限数值进行比较之前进行这种区分。
8.按照权利要求6或7的任一项所述的方法，其中，只有当这种替代措施识别为对汽车的行驶动态状态有影响时才进行这种比较。
9.包括有用于执行按照权利要求1至8的任一项所述方法的设备的装置。
10.按照权利要求9所述的装置，其中，电动机也可用作发电机运行。
CN200880126395.2A 2008-02-07 2008-11-19 用于有控制地引起实现汽车应急运行的替代措施的混合动力汽车故障安全的运行的方法和执行这种方法的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN101952152B (zh)

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CN101952152B (zh) 2014-05-28
US20120109430A1 (en) 2012-05-03
US8548658B2 (en) 2013-10-01
KR20100126293A (ko) 2010-12-01
KR101528649B1 (ko) 2015-06-12
JP5200116B2 (ja) 2013-05-15
JP2011514273A (ja) 2011-05-06
DE102008008207A1 (de) 2009-08-13
WO2009097923A1 (de) 2009-08-13
EP2250058B1 (de) 2012-05-02
EP2250058A1 (de) 2010-11-17

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