Summary of the invention
The present invention is for addressing the above problem, a kind of cheaply high-efficiency and energy-saving type solar energy heat-collecting heat-preserving parts are provided, can fully satisfy the application of plate solar collector and PVT assembly, aspect flat plate collector, the present invention is integrated in one the coating in the plate solar collector, plate core, heat-insulation layer, backplate function, both save material, simplified again manufacture craft, greatly reduced material and energy consumption in producing; Aspect the PVT assembly, the photo-thermal parts that surface smoothness is high, heat conduction is fast, cost is low, easy for installation are provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of high-efficiency and energy-saving type solar energy heat-collecting heat-preserving parts, it is characterized in that: comprise be used to accepting solar radiation or other heat conducting collector metal exchange layer and being used to form the improved plastics structural shape that medium runner has reached insulation effect, collector metal exchange layer is tabular, evenly be provided with the surface plate of space and the medium chute of outside projection on the improved plastics structural shape, fix by connector between the surface plate of collector metal exchange layer and improved plastics structural shape, junction between the surface plate of collector metal exchange layer and improved plastics structural shape is also by sealing adhesive linkage adhering and sealing, collector metal exchange layer and improved plastics structural shape by seal adhesive linkage bonding with become an integral body, the medium chute after connector is fastening, form a plurality of independently MEDIA FLOW passages between sealing adhesive linkage and the collector metal exchange layer.
Collector metal exchange layer is outer can also to arrange coating for selective absorption, is used for absorbing solar radiant energy.
Structure according to the principle that absorbs sunshine and coating is different, coating for selective absorption can be divided into four classes:
(1) coated semiconductor
Coated semiconductor is to utilize in the electronic structure of semiconductor substance suitably energy gap Eg, absorbs energy greater than the solar radiation photon of Eg, enters conduction band thereby make the valence electron of material produce transition, and the photon of energy less than Eg seen through.So require the semiconductor substance energy gap to be preferably 0.62ev(1ev=1.602 * 10-19J), i.e. 9.939 * 10-20J.It absorbs visible light and does not absorb infrared ray, and Si, Ge are modal semi-conducting materials.The oxide of transition metal, sulfide all belong to compound semiconductor, such as black chromium (Cr
xO
y), black nickel (NiS-ZnS), the black (Cu of cupric oxide
xO
y) and iron oxide (Fe
3O
4) etc.
(2) interference of light coating
Interference of light coating has been utilized the interference of light principle, deielectric-coating and absorbing composite membrane, metal substrate or bottom film by non-absorption form, and strictly control refractive index and the thickness of every tunic, make it produce destructive interference effect to the visible range, reduction is to the reflectivity of sunlight wavelength core, produce a broad absworption peak in the visible range, such as Al
2O
3-Mox-Al
2O
3(AMA) trilamellar membrane, AlN-Al/Al eight tunics, OCLI multilayer film etc.
(3) Mie scattering coating
The Mie scattering coating is according to effectively medium is theoretical, utilizes metallic finely divided in parent, and the different wave length level photon of visible light is produced Multiple Scattering and internal reflection and with its absorption.The eutectoid coating of metallic and oxide is such as Co-Al
2O
3Coating, Al-Al
2O
3Coating, Au-Al
2O
3Coating and black nickel etc. belong to this type of.
(4) porous coating
Porous coating is pattern and the structure by the control coating surface, make the size of surface discontinuity suitable with the visible spectrum peak value, thereby visible light is played the trap effect, long-wave radiation had fine reflex, namely at the form light harvesting of shortwave side with the black hole, and at the form radiant light of long wave side with the plane.As forming the Cu-CuO coating with the graceful shape structure of woods by chemical attack on the copper surface, the chemical vapor deposition coating of tungsten and the black chromium plating on the rough surface etc. all utilize this character.
Different according to preparation technology, coating for selective absorption can be divided into four classes again:
(1) electroplated coating
Electroplated coating commonly used mainly contains black nickel coating, black chrome coating, black cobalt coating etc., all has good optical property.Effect with black chromium and black nickel is best, and absorptivity-emissivity ratio (α/ε) near 6~13.But the electroplating black chromium production cost is high, simultaneously the Cr in the plating bath
6+ environment there is pollution.Black nickel plating consumes energy less, cost is low, does not have noxious material in the plating bath.But black nickel coating is thin, heat endurance, corrosion resistance are relatively poor, usually is only applicable to the low-temperature solar energy heat utilization.The black nickel coating absorptivity of the researchs such as Saher Shawk can reach 0.93, and durability, heat endurance, resistance to corrosion be strong [2].Black nickel-the tin alloy coat of Fei Jingyin [3] etc. development, because sulfur-bearing not wherein, so can overcome the shortcoming that black nickel coating has, the preparation more complicated of its plating bath.
(2) electrochemical conversion coating
Electrochemical coating commonly used has the alumilite process coating, the anodized coating of CuO conversion coating and steel etc.Wherein alumilite process coating spectral selection, corrosion-resistant, resistance to light is good, be widely applied at solar water heater.CuO transforms plating coating one deck black matte, and protection does not with great difficulty cause hydraulic performance decline, and anodized coating uvioresistant and the moisture resistant performance of steel are good, and the general absorptivity of this type coating is 0.88~0.95, and emissivity is 0.15~0.32.Jahan, the Mo melanism conversion coating of the research such as F, the absorptivity maximum can reach 0.87, emissivity is 0.13~0.17[4].
(3) vacuum coating coating
Utilize vacuum evaporation and magnetron sputtering technique to produce, as the PbS/Al/Al coating of utilizing direct evaporation to produce.That utilizes that magnetron sputtering produces has stainless steel-carbon/copper coating, AlCN coating, an AlN
xO
yCoating and Ni-Cr coating etc.Using many is multilayer gradual change aluminium nitrogen aluminium (Al-N/Al) coating, and this coating has good spectral selection, but when temperature raise, emissivity also sharply rose thereupon, can only use below 250 ℃.
Adopt in addition the cermet composite coating of radio-frequency sputtering preparation, be mainly used in middle high-temperature field, it is technique newly developed in recent years, such as Ni-Al
2O
3Coating.The Wu-AlNx selective coating is that the metallics such as tungsten, chromium are mixed the aluminium nitride medium, obtains cermet composite coating.Substrate employing copper, the metal that the aluminium isoreflectance is high, heat-collecting temperature can reach more than 350 ℃.
Farooq, M.O etc. adopt Ni:SiO
2Cermet is made absorbed layer, and Ni is 10% in the volume ratio of coating surface, is gradually varied to 90% to the bottom, and coating layer thickness is (100~170) nm, and absorptivity is 0.96, and emissivity is 0.03~0.14[5].Alundum (Al2O3) (the Mo-Al of molybdenum is mixed in the employings such as Zhang Qi-chu
2O
3) cermet is as coating for selective absorption material, Al
2O
3Make antireflection layer, double-deck Mo-Al
2O
3Cermet coating is made absorbed layer, and Mo or Cu make antireflection layer, and this coating is 350 ℃ of lower stable performances, and absorptivity is 0.96, and emissivity is 0.11[6].
(4) paint coatings
Be a kind of development coating relatively early, the preparation method generally adopts the compressed air spraying method.Such as Fe
2O
3-Cr
2O
3Coating [7] is with Fe
2O
3, Cr
2O
3And MnO
2Be pigment, organosilicon modified crylic acid resin is binding agent, and the absorptivity-emissivity ratio of coating can reach 3.26; The PbS coating, take the climing shape crystal of 0.1 μ m woods PbS as pigment, EP rubbers or fluororesin are binding agent, and absorptivity is 0.85~0.91, and emissivity is 0.23~0.40, and preparation is simple, but the easy oxidation of the climing shape structure of woods loses transformational, rustless property poor [8]; Ludox heat absorbing coating [9] is made binding agent with Ludox, and the Fe powder is made chromogen, and the coating cost is low, weatherability and good waterproof performance, and absorptivity is 0.94, and emissivity is 0.41, but because contain organic matter, service life is short.
Also have the phthalocyanine green coating, pigment composition is Fe
3CuO
5, good decorative property is adapted at using on solar energy housing and the flat casing water-heater.Wu Guichu [10] adopts the black chromium solar coating for selective absorption of flame gun spray preparation, and technique is simple, cost is low, stable performance, spectral selection are good, and its absorptivity is 0.91, and emissivity is 0.15.
Be provided with the recessed groove that is used for fixed connecting piece to improved plastics structural shape on the described collector metal exchange layer.Groove can increase a collector metal exchange layer intensity, can be again connector the installation site is provided, and installs with heat conductive silica gel groove to be filled and led up afterwards.
The preferred aluminium of material and the aluminium alloy thereof of described collector metal exchange layer.Other as stainless steel also can, just in thermal conductivity, economy, weight not as aluminium or aluminium alloy.
The preferred chliorinated polyvinyl chloride of the material of described improved plastics structural shape (CPVC).Can also select other material, such as three type polypropylene (PPR), adopt atactic copolymerized polypropene through extrusion molding.
Described improved plastics structural shape thickness is 1.5mm ~ 50mm, and the thickness of improved plastics structural shape can require to arrange to insulation according to the user, and when the insulation requirement was low, improved plastics structural shape was thinner; Insulation requires when high, and improved plastics structural shape is thicker.
Described connector can be bolt or rivet.Connector can bear certain pressure for increasing collector metal exchange layer and improved plastics structural shape bonding strength to guarantee whole parts.Connector is distributed in the flat area of improved plastics structural shape, and become dislocation to arrange between every row's connector, the mode of row, wrong row such as namely can adopt to arrange, can increase like this uniformity of the anti-current body pressure of whole parts, be unlikely to a certain joint area power inhomogeneous.
Collector metal exchange layer can be that seal gasket and gluing connecing form with improved plastics structural shape by the fixing sealing adhesive linkage that is connected setting of connector, perhaps is viscose glue entirely; Role is exactly both collector metal exchange layer can be bonded together with improved plastics structural shape, the medium runner on the improved plastics structural shape can be spaced from each other again.The thickness of sealing adhesive linkage is 0.05mm ~ 10mm, and the sealing adhesive linkage of different-thickness can cushion between collector metal exchange layer and the improved plastics structural shape because the different flexible dislocation that cause of expansion rate.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The collector metal exchange layer that is used for thermal-arrest that the present invention is arranging towards the sunlight face, then by the distinctive runner design of improved plastics structural shape, can play according to the thickness that user's needs arrange adaptation the effect of insulation, the thick and heavy heat-insulation layer design of the classic flat-plate that compares, half of the not enough classic flat-plate thermal-arrest of the use material of the whole parts of the present invention, parts are ultra-thin, and are aesthetic in appearance;
Simultaneously collector metal exchange layer adopts an aluminum or aluminum alloy, and thermal-arrest and heat exchange be all than being easier to, and corrosion-resistant antirust; Improved plastics structural shape adopts chliorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) plastic shaping, CPVC has good heat resistance, chemical resistance, anti ageing property, anti-flammability and heat distortion temperature than advantages of higher, the a lot of premium properties that both had PVC, good anti-flammability and low smoke generation characteristics are arranged again, the most acid of ability, alkali, salt, and heat-resisting aspect obviously is better than other plastics (can improve 20-40 ℃ than common PVC), and its dimension card heat resisting temperature is better than other thermoplastic;
The present invention not only manufacturing cost and use cost is lower, and simple in structure, easy to process, durable in use.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of high-efficiency and energy-saving type solar energy heat-collecting heat-preserving parts, comprise be used to accepting solar radiation or other heat conducting collector metal exchange layer 8 and being used to form the improved plastics structural shape 9 that medium runner has reached insulation effect, collector metal exchange layer 8 is tabular, evenly be provided with the surface plate of space and the medium chute of outside projection on the improved plastics structural shape 9, fixing by connector 10 between the surface plate of collector metal exchange layer 8 and improved plastics structural shape 9, junction between the surface plate of collector metal exchange layer 8 and improved plastics structural shape 9 is also by sealing adhesive linkage 11 adhering and sealings, collector metal exchange layer 8 and improved plastics structural shape 9 by seal adhesive linkage 11 bonding with become an integral body, the medium chute after connector 10 is fastening, form a plurality of independently MEDIA FLOW passages between sealing adhesive linkage 11 and the collector metal exchange layer 8.
Collector metal exchange layer 8 is outer can also to arrange coating for selective absorption 5, is used for absorbing solar radiant energy.
According to the principle that absorbs sunshine and the structure of coating, described coating for selective absorption 5 is coated semiconductor, perhaps interference of light coating, perhaps Mie scattering coating, perhaps porous coating;
According to preparation technology, described coating for selective absorption 5 is electroplated coating, perhaps electrochemical conversion coating, perhaps vacuum coating coating, perhaps paint coatings.
Be provided with the recessed groove that is used for fixed connecting piece 10 to improved plastics structural shape 9 on the described collector metal exchange layer 8.Groove can increase a collector metal exchange layer Final 8 degree, can be again connector 10 installation site is provided, and installs with heat conductive silica gel groove to be filled and led up afterwards.
The preferred aluminium of material and the aluminium alloy thereof of described collector metal exchange layer 8.Other as stainless steel also can, just in thermal conductivity, economy, weight not as aluminium or aluminium alloy.
The preferred chliorinated polyvinyl chloride of the material of described improved plastics structural shape 9 (CPVC).Can also select other material, such as three type polypropylene (PPR), adopt atactic copolymerized polypropene through extrusion molding.
Go out runner and the surface plate of improved plastics structural shape 9 by Mould Machining; Aluminum alloy plate materials by bender, is folded groove; Improved plastics structural shape 9 thickness of moulding are 1.5mm ~ 50mm, and the thickness of improved plastics structural shape 9 can require to arrange to insulation according to the user, and when the insulation requirement was low, improved plastics structural shape 9 was thinner; Insulation requires when high, and improved plastics structural shape 9 is thicker.
Described connector 10 can be bolt or rivet.Connector 10 can bear certain pressure for increasing collector metal exchange layer 8 and improved plastics structural shape 9 bonding strengths to guarantee whole parts.Connector 10 is distributed in the flat area of improved plastics structural shape 9, and become dislocation to arrange between every row's connector 10, the mode of row, wrong row such as namely can adopt to arrange, can increase like this uniformity of the anti-current body pressure of whole parts, be unlikely to a certain joint area power inhomogeneous.
Preferred rivet (the riveted joint working (machining) efficiency is high, and expense is low, and the syndeton shock resistance is good) is as connector 10.Connector 10 is dislocation and is connected between connector 10 every row and the adjacent row, makes the ability of bearing fluid pressure of whole parts even.
Junction by connector 10 connection metal collection heat exchange layers 8 and improved plastics structural shape 9 arranges sealing adhesive linkage 11, and described sealing adhesive linkage 11 can be that seal gasket and gluing connecing form, and perhaps is viscose glue entirely; Role is exactly both collector metal exchange layer 8 can be bonded together with improved plastics structural shape 9, the medium runner on the improved plastics structural shape 9 can be spaced from each other again.The thickness of sealing adhesive linkage 11 is 0.05mm ~ 10mm, and the sealing adhesive linkage 11 of different-thickness can also cushion between collector metal exchange layer 8 and the improved plastics structural shape 9 because the different flexible dislocation that cause of expansion rate prevent the leakage of runner medium.Groove is filled and led up completion of processing with glue (such as heat conductive silica gel).Whole process is welding not, can not cause whole part distortion, and whole parts are seemed, and flatness is very high; Mould can guarantee that smooth-shaped is attractive in appearance.
When the present invention is used for flat plate collector, as shown in Figure 3, behind energy-efficient solar energy heating heat preservation component surface electing property absorber coatings 5, with glass 7 frame 1 of packing into, reserving 6, one plate solar collectors of insulation air layer between energy-efficient solar energy heating heat preservation component and glass 7 namely finishes.Making is compared than classic flat-plate heat collector, has saved a large amount of metals such as copper aluminium; Thickness only is half of classic flat-plate heat collector; And easily operation is made simple; Energy consumption is very low in the whole manufacturing process.
When the present invention is used for PVT, as shown in Figure 4, with energy-efficient solar energy heating heat preservation component and the photoelectric subassembly frame 1 of packing into that bonds together, seals all around and get final product.Described photoelectric subassembly comprises outermost ultra-clear glasses 16, EVA layer 14, cell piece 15, EVA layer 14, transparent photoelectric backboard 13, and is then bonding by adhesive-layer 12 and solar energy heating heat preservation component.
Traditional flat plate collector mainly contains following parts: glass 7, coating, absorber plate 4(are called for short the plate core), heat-insulation layer 3, backboard 2, frame 1.As shown in Figure 1, compare with traditional heat collector, the utility model is owing to solar photoelectric part (PV part) use is transparent photoelectric backboard 13, therefore can with between the solar battery sheet 15 and can not be drained to by the solar radiant energy that cell piece 15 absorbs on the coating for selective absorption 5, be absorbed energy transform into heat energy by selective coating; About 80% energy transform into heat energy in the time of simultaneously cell piece 15 generating, heat energy is on the overheated collector metal exchange layer 8 that is transmitted to energy-efficient solar energy heating heat preservation component, and metal passes to heat in the medium rapidly and is pulled away.